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soil NH_4^+ Fixation and fertilizer N Recovery as Affected by soil Moisture and fertilizer Application Methods

Pedosphere 2004年第2期14卷 247-252页

作者： TONGYan-Ani O.EMTERYD H.GRIP LUDian-Qing CollegeofResourceandEnvironment NorthwestSci-TechUniversityofAgricultureandForestryStateKeyLaboratoryofSoilErosionandDrylandFarmingintheLoessPlateauYanglingShaanxi712100（China）.Email：tongyanan@*** DepartrnentofForestEcology SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciencesUrneaS-90183（Sweden）

Ammonium fixation and the effects of soil moisture and application methods on fertilizer N recovery were investigated in two soils of Shaanxi Province,China,a Luvisol and an Entisol,through two experiments performed in the laboratory and in a glass shelter,respectively,by using ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3). The laboratory closed incubation box experiment was conducted using the Luvisol to study NH4+ fixation rate at soil moisture levels of 10.1%,22.7% and 35.3% water filled pore space (WFPS). The fixed NH4+-N increased dramatically to 51% and 66%,67% and 74%,and 82% and 85% 1,2 and 36 h after fertilizer incorporation at moisture levels of 10.1% and 22.7% WFPS and 35.3%WFPS,respectively. The rapid NH4+ fixation rates at all moisture levels could help prevent NH4+ losses from ammonia volatilization. In the glass shelter pot experiment,N fertilizer was applied by either banding (in a concentrated strip)or incorporating (thoroughly mixing) with the Entisol and the Luvisol. An average of 74.2% of the added N fertilizer was recovered 26 days after application to the Luvisol,while only 61.4% could be recovered from the Entisol,due to higher NH4+ fixation capacity of the Luvisol. The amount of fixed NH4+ decreased with increasing WFPS. The amount of fixed NH4+ in the incorporated fertilizer treatment was,on average,10% higher than that in the banded *** NH4+ fixation rates could prevent N loss and thus increase N recovery. The results from the Luvisol showed lower nitrogen recovery as soil moisture level increased,which could be explained by the fact that most of the fixed NH4+ was still not released when the soil moisture level was low. When the fertilizer was incorporated into the soil,the recovery of N increased,compared with the banded treatment,by an average of 26.2% in the Luvisol and 11.2% in the Entisol,which implied that when farmers applied fertilizer,it would be best to mix it well with the soil.

关键词： fertilizer application N recovery NH4+ fixation soil moisture

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Impact of Seasalt Deposition on Acid soils in Maritime Regions

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Pedosphere 2003年第4期13卷 375-380页

作者： ZHANG Zhen-HuaInstitute of soil and fertilizer, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014 (China), Institute of soil and fertilizer Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014

The characteristics of seasalt deposition and its impact on acid soils in maritime regions are reviewed. It is pointed out that studies involving the impact of seasalt deposition on acid soils have been concentrated on short-term effects on soil and water acidification. A deep consideration of long-term effects on soil acidification in maritime regions is still needed.

关键词： acidification maritime regions seasalt deposition

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广东省土壤肥料工作改革开放30年回顾与展望

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广东农业科学 2009年第4期36卷 119-121,127页

作者：曾思坚广东省土壤肥料总站广东广州510500

总结了广东省改革开放30年来土壤肥料工作取得的主要成就、经验和体会,分析了当前土肥事业发展面临的严峻形势与挑战,提出了促进广东省土壤肥料工作发展的对策和建议。

关键词：土壤肥料回顾展望

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Use of Controlled Release fertilizer for Increasing N Efficiency of Direct Seeding Rice

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Pedosphere 2001年第4期11卷 333-339页

作者： FU JIANRONG, ZHU YUANHONG and JIANG LINA Institute of soil and fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021 (China) 浙江省农业科学院土壤与肥料所浙江杭州 310021

Field trials on a silt-loamy paddy soil derived from shallow-sea deposit in direct seeding rice fields were conducted in Zhejiang, China, in 1996 to compare N efficiency of controlled release fertilizers (LP fertilizers) with the conventional urea. Six treatments including CK (no N fertilizer), conventional urea and different types of LP fertilizers at different rates were designed for two succeeding crops of early and late rice. A blend of different types of LP fertilizers as a single preplant "co-situs" application released N in a rate and amount synchronizing with uptake pattern of direct seeding rice. A single preplant application of the LP fertilizers could meet the N requirement of rice for the whole growth period without need of topdressing. Using LP fertilizer blends, equivalent grain yields could be maintained even if the N fertilization rates were reduced by 25%～50% compared with the conventional urea. Agronomic efficiency of the LP fertilizers was 13.6%～ 86.4% higher than that of the conventional urea in early rice and 100%～164.1% in late rice, depending on the amounts of the LP fertilizers applied. N fertilizer recovery rate increased from 27.4% for the conventional application of urea to 41.7%～54.l% for the single preplant "co-situs" application of the LP fertilizers. Use of the LP fertilizers was promising if the increase in production costs due to the high LP fertilizer prices could be compensated by increase in yield and N efficiency, reduction in labor costs and improvement in environment.

关键词： controlled release fertilizer direct seeding rice N efficiency

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Distribution of Crystal Organic fertilizer-N in soil-plant System

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第9期1卷 1012-1016页

作者： LIU Yi-xin, HAN Yi-wang, WANG Yan-ting, HONG Li-fang XU Xi-min,TANG Shen, LIN Guan-ya and LIU Wu-ding(Department of Environmental Science , Institute of Earth and Space , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R . China Department of Tobacco Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230052 , P. R . China Department of Science , Technology and Education of Tobacco Monopoly Administration of China , Beijing 100052 , P. R . China Institute of soil and fertilizer , Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science , Kunmin 650231 , P. R . China Sanmin Tobacco Branch Company of Fujians , Sanmin 365010 , P. R . China Yongzhou Tobacco Branch Company of Hunan , Yongzhou 425000 , P. R . China Sinan Tobacco Company of Guizhou , Sinan 565100 , P. R . China Department of Resources , Environment and Agrochemistry , Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 , P.R.China) Department of Environmental Science Institute of Earth and Space University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R . China Department of Tobacco Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230052 P. R .China Department of Science Technology and Education of Tobacco Monopoly Administration of China Beijing 100052 P.R . China Institute of soil and fertilizer Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science Kunmin 650231 P. R . China Sanmin Tobacco Branch Company of Fujians Sanmin 365010 P. R . China Yongzhou Tobacco Branch Company of Hunan Yongzhou425000 P. R . China Sinan Tobacco Company of Guizhou Sinan 565100 P. R . China Department of Resources Environment and Agrochemistry Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P. R . China

The distribution of crystal organic fertilizer, urea and compound fertilizer-N in soil and plant system was researched with 15N-trace under tobacco pot experiment. The results showed that the leaf yield of tobacco used crystal organic fertilizer was 23.1% and 14.6% higher than that of urea and compound fertilizer treatments respectively. Compound fertilizer also resulted in higher yield of 8.5 % comparing with the urea treatment. Nitrogen content of the plant from the crystal organic fertilizer treatment was 138. 6% and 145.7% as high as that of the compound fertilizer and urea treatments respectively. The absorbed N from the organic fertilizer was 25.1% and 27.9% more than that from the compound fertilizer and urea respectively. However, the absorbed N from the soil with the organic fertilizer was 47.4% and 58.3% more than that with compound fertilizer and urea respectively. The N use efficiency of the organic fertilizer was 9.4% and 10.1% higher than that of the compound fertilizer and urea. It indicated that the crystal organic fertilizer not only had high N use efficiency, but also stimulated tobacco taking up more N from soil.

关键词： Tobacco Crystal organic fertilizer-N soil-plant system

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ICP-AES法测定土壤及肥料中的硼含量

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土壤肥料 2001年第5期 38-40,42页

作者：范洪黎刘密中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所测试中心北京100081

采用岛津 ICP- 10 0 0 型真空单道扫描发射光谱仪测定了土壤及肥料中的硼含量 ,方法经标准土壤样品验证 ,并与肥料测定的国家标准方法相比较 ,结果均十分符合。同时给出方法的精密度、检出限等参数 ,说明该方法准确度、灵敏度高。

关键词：电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱土壤肥料硼测定

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THE EFFECTS OF LAND RESOURCES ON REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE DALIUSHU IRRIGATED AREA ON THE YELLOWR

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干旱区资源与环境 1993年第Z1期7卷 435-438页

作者： Mei Chengrui soil and fertilizer Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agro-Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002

The Daliushu Water Conservancy Project is one of main works on water--power stepdevelopment in upper reaches of the Yellow R.. It is located at exit of Heisan Canyon witha distance of 31 km only to Zongwei County town. This project brings out more functions,such as generating electricity, defencing flood, irrigation, supplying water and shipping etc.

关键词： Daliushu Irrigation Area Regional Economy Electricity Generation Irrigation

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Contributions of Different N Sources to Crop N Nutrition in a Chinese Rice Field

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Pedosphere 2010年第2期20卷 198-208页

作者： CHEN Yi,TANG Xu,YANG Sheng-Mao,WU Chun-Yan and WANG Jia-Yu Institute of Environmental Resources and soil fertilizer,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021 (China) Institute of Environmental Resources and soil fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 (China)

N availability is one of the most important factors limiting crop yield *** recovery of applications of 15 N-labeled fertilizer and crop residues in a rice-wheat cropping system was determined for up to 6 consecutive growing *** crop residues from the previous season were either incorporated or removed as two different *** results showed that 16.55%-17.79% (17.17% on average) of the fertilizer N was recovered in the crop during the first growing season,suggesting that more than 80% of crop N was not directly from the N *** 15 N-labeled residues were applied,12.01% was recovered in the crop in the first growing *** average recoveries of fertilizer N and crop residue N in the soil after the first growing season were 33.46% and 85.64%,respectively.N from soil organic matter contributed approximately 83% of the N in the crop when 15 N fertilizer was applied or 88% when crop residues were *** was a larger difference in the total 15 N recovery in plant and soil between N applications in the forms of fertilizer and crop *** of crop residues following the 15 N fertilizer application did not significantly promote 15 N recovery in the crop or *** average,only additional 1.94% of N for the fertilizer-applied field or 5.97% of N for the crop residue-applied field was recovered by the crops during the 2nd and 3rd growing *** total recoveries of 15 N in crop and soil were approximately 64.38% for the fertilizer-applied field after 6 growing seasons and 79.11% for the crop residue-applied field after 5 growing *** fertilizer N appeared to be more readily available to crops than crop residue N,crop residue N replenished soil N pool,especially N from soil organic matter,much more than fertilizer ***,crop residue N was a better source for sustaining soil organic *** results suggested that the long-term effect of fertilizer or crop residues on N recovery were differen

关键词： crop residue 15 N recovery N fertilizer

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Composition of Sulphur Pool in Selected Upland soils inNorth China

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Pedosphere 1999年第2期9卷 123-130页

作者： ZHOU WEI LIN BAO WANG HONG LI SHUTIAN and HE PING(Institute of soil and fertilizer, Chinese Academy of Agriculturol Sciences, Beijing 100081(China)) 中国农业科学院土壤肥料所北京 100081 中国农业科学院土壤肥料所北京

soil sulfur fractions, including monocalcium phosphate-extractable S, slowly soluble inorganic S, C- O-S ,C-bonded S and unidentified organic S, were analyzed for 48 soils, as representatives of 6 major groups ofupland soils, fiuvisol, cinnamon soil, loessial soil, chestnut soil, black soil and brown soil, in North *** contemns of total S and monocalcium phosphate-extractable S in the above 48 soils ranged from 234 to860 and 5.1 to 220.3 mg kg--1 , respectively, and each of 6 soil groups contained the samples with a low level ofphosph ate-extractable S. Great differences in the average contents of each fraction of S were observed amongthe above 6 soil groups. Expressed as average percentage of the total S in soils, fiuvisols, cinnamon soils,loessial soils, chestnut soils, black soils and brown soils contained 6.1%, 9.5%, 5.7%, 13.2%, 3.5% and 6.8%monocalcium phosphate-extractable S, 5. 7%, 3. 0%, 9. 3%, 1 0. 4%, 3. 2% and 3. 1 % slowly soluble inorganic S ,51.6%, 26.7%, 17.4%, 31.2%, 28.9% and 22.7% C-O-S, 11.0%, 9.1%, 6.6%, 6.8%, 9.7% and 9.4% in C-bondedS, and 25.6%, 51.7%, 60.8%, 38.4%, 54.7% and 53.0% unidentified organic S, respectively. For the above 6groups of soils, the mean C/N ratios were remarkably similar, ranging from 9.7 to 10.7, while the mean N/Sratios ranged from 1.16 to 3.12. The highest ratios of C/N, C/C-O-S and C/C-bonded S were found in blacksoils, averaging 30.4, 104.9 and 314.7, respectively, while the lowest ratios arose in chestnut soil, averaging12.4, 39.7 and 183.3, respectively.

关键词： C-bonded S C-O-S sulphate upland soil

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Fate of Nitrogen from Organic and Inorganic Sources in Rice-Wheat Rotation Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第7期9卷 1017-1025页

作者： CHEN Yi,WU Chun-yan,TANG Xu,YANG Sheng-mao and WANG Jia-yu Institute of Environmental Resources and soil fertilizer,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,P.R.China Institute of Environmental Resources and soil fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P.R. China

The lower availability of N is one of the most important limiting factors impeding crop yield enhancement among the various factors that affect crop yield under the multiple-cropping agroecosystem in *** this study,the recovery of a single application of 15N-labeled fertilizer or residues in rice-wheat cropping system was determined,in order to provide theoretical foundation for the nitrogen management in sustainable agricultural production.A continuous trace experiment was conducted for 15N microplots by using randomized block design with four treatments and four replications（T1 = 15N-labeled fertilizer with crop residue incorporation,T2 = 15N-labeled residues,T3 = 14N fertilizer to generate unlabeled crop residue,and T4 = 15Nlabeled fertilizer without crop residue incorporation）.Our results showed that,on average,17.17 and 12.01% of crop N was derived from N fertilizer and 15N-labeled residues,respectively during the first growing season,suggesting that approximately 82.83 or 87.99% of crop N was derived directly from soil N *** was a larger difference in the 15N recovery pattern in crop when N was applied as fertilizer or residues,i.e.,most of crop N derived from N fertilizer was absorbed in the first growing season（92.04%）,and the relevant value was 38.03% when 15N-labeled residues were *** implied that most of N fertilizer was recovered in the present cropping season,while a longer residue effect will be found for 15N-labeled ***,the average recovery of N fertilizer and N residue in the soil after the first growing season was 33.46 and 85.64%,*** recovery of applied N in soil when N was applied as residues was significantly higher than that when N was applied as *** was a larger difference in the total 15N recovery in plant and soil when N was applied as fertilizer or *** the end of the fifth or sixth cropping season,the total 15N recovery in plant and soil when N was applied as fertilizer or resi

关键词： crop residue fertilizer fate 15N isotope nitrogen fertilizer rice field

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