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Evaluating the Efficiency and Determinants of Efficiency of Rural Health Centers Situated in Punjab, Pakistan

Health 2019年第6期11卷 630-645页

作者： Yuelan Peng Muhammad Waqas Akbar sofia anwar Muhammad Hafeez School of Public Finance and Economics Shanxi University of Finance and Economics Shanxi China Department of Economics Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan School of Economics and Management Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China

This study calculates the efficiency of Rural Health Centers (RHCs) and investigates the impact of other variables affecting the efficiency of RHCs. The study considers 29 RHCs, 13 of District Faisalabad, 9 of Toba and 7 of Jhang;a survey was conducted to collect data from each RHC for the year 2016. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was utilized to get the scores for efficiency. Thereafter, after getting the results from DEA Tobit regression was used in the second stage. Out of the 29 Rural Health Centers, only 11 (38%) are working efficiently as compare to others. Distance from the tehsil headquarter, Distance from the road with “0” probability, Distance from private hospital with “0” probability, Behavior of the staff with “0.0064” probability and laboratory equipment’s with “0” probability, have an impact on the efficiency scores. Distance from other health facilitators, Staff’s behavior, list of medicine and equipment’s used at RHCs should be improved to increase the efficiency of RHC’s.

关键词： Rural Health Centers Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis

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Ethnopharmacological evaluation and antioxidant activity of some important herbs used in traditional medicines

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第5期36卷 689-694页

作者： sofia Rashid Mushtaq Ahmad Muhammad Zafar Asad anwar Shazia Sultana Shahzadi Tabassum Sidra Nisar Ahmed Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS) University of Arid Agriculture

OBJECTIVE: To document the indigenous knowledge and evaluate the antioxidant activity of medicinal herbs used for treatment of various ***: The ethnomedicinal data were collected through semi-structured interviews of local informants along with collection of herbarium specimens. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging ***: A total of 12 important medicinal herbs were evaluated for ethnomedicinal uses and antioxidant activity. Medicinal plant diversity showed that Solanaceae was the dominating family(3 spp.),followed by Asteraceae and Lamiaceae(both 2spp.). Leaves(31%) were most frequently used in preparation of traditional medicines, and the most recommended mode of preparation was powder(28%). The antioxidant results revealed that thehighest activity was found in Atropa acuminata and Crocus ***: The results of this study proved that A. accuminata and C. sativus can be the excellent sources of antioxidant compounds. A sustainable use and conservation of the valuable natural resource greatly promote the development of functional food additives and cosmetics.

关键词： Plants medicinal Medicine Traditional Antioxidants Ethnopharmacology

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Postoperative Acute Bilateral Irvine-Gass Syndrome following Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification Surgery with Trifocal IOL—Two Case Reports

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2022年第1期12卷 34-43页

作者： Ishtiaque anwar Sharah Rahman sofia Akhter Shah Noor Hassan Md. Sanwar Hossain Siddiqur Rahman Anisur Rahman Glaucoma and Cataract Department Bangladesh Eye Hospital and Institute Dhaka Bangladesh Cornea and Cataract Department Bangladesh Eye Hospital and Institute Dhaka Bangladesh Clinical and Research Coordinator Dhaka Eye Care Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Vitreo-Retina Department Bangladesh Eye Hospital and Institute Dhaka Bangladesh Ophthalmology Department Dr. Sirajul Islam Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh Northern International Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh Dhaka Medical College and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

The case studies are about atypical bilateral, postoperative Cystoid Macular Edema (CME) in two patients who underwent bilateral uncomplicated pha- coemulsification surgery with a trifocal Intraocular Lens (IOL). In postoperative follow-up, both the cases presented with complaints of bilateral blurring of vision. Irvine-Gass syndrome has been diagnosed after evaluation of the retina by fundoscopy and OCT macula. Posterior subtenon steroid injection has been prescribed and given. Regular OCT examinations indicated substantial ede- ma improvement. Subsequent improvement in visual acuity was also noted in both cases. Cystoid macular edema can happen in any case irrespective of the quality of IOL. The visual outcome is satisfactorily responsive towards steroid medication.

关键词： Irvine-Gass Syndrome Cystoid Macular Edema (CME) NSAID Postoperative CME

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