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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2021年第3期11卷 99-111页

作者： sofia d. wechsler Kiryat Motzkin Israel

What is the quantum system? Consid.r the wave-function of the electron—what we call “single particle wave-function”—and.assume that it contains N wave-packets. If we pass all the wave-packets through an electric field. all are d.flected. as if each one of them contains an electron. However, if we bring any two wave-packets to travel close to one another, they d.n’t repel one another, as if at least one of them contains no charge. In trying to solve the measurement problem of the quantum mechanics (QM), d.fferent interpretations were proposed. each one coming with a particular ontology. However, only one interpretation paid.explicit attention to the contrad.ction mentioned.above. This interpretation was proposed.by S. Gao who named.it “rand.m d.scontinuous motion” (Rd.), because it assumes the existence of a particle that jumps from place to place at rand.m. The particle carries all the physical properties of the respective type of particle, mass, charge, magnetic momentum, etc. It jumps und.r the control of an “instantaneous cond.tion” about which Gao d.d.not give d.tails so far. Along with presenting problems of the QM that this interpretation solves, this text reveals d.fficulties vis-à-vis entanglements and.the special relativity.

关键词： Quantum Mechanics Quantum Particle Ontology Self-Interaction Instantaneous Cond.tion

In Praise and.in Criticism of the Mod.l of Continuous Spontaneous Localization of the Wave-Function

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2020年第4期10卷 73-103页

作者： sofia d. wechsler Kiryat Motzkin Israel

d.fferent attempts to solve the measurement problem of the quantum me-chanics (QM) by d.nying the collapse principle, and.replacing it with changes in the quantum formalism, failed.because the changes in the formalism lead.to contrad.ctions with QM pred.ctions. To the d.fference, Ghirard., Rimini and.Weber took the collapse as a real phenomenon, and.proposed.a calculus by which the wave-function should.und.rgo a sud.en localization. Later on, Ghirard., Pearle and.Rimini came with a change of this calculus into the CSL (continuous spontaneous localization) mod.l of collapse. Both these proposals rely on the experimental fact that the red.ction of the wave-function occurs when the microscopic system encounters a macroscopic object and.involves a big amount of its particles. Both these proposals also change the quantum formalism by introd.cing in the Schr?d.nger equation ad.itional terms with noisy behavior. However, these terms have practically no influence as long as the stud.ed.system contains only one or a few components. Only when the amount of components is very big, these terms become significant and.lead.to the red.ction of the wave-function to one of its components. The present work has two purposes: 1) proving that the collapse postulate is unavoid.ble;2) ap-plying the CSL mod.l to the process in a d.tector and.showing step by step the mod.fication of the wave-function, until red.ction. As a sid. d.tail, it is argued.here that the noise cannot originate in some classical field. contrary to the thought/hope of some physicists, because no classical field.is tailored.by the wave-functions of entanglements.

关键词： Quantum Mechanics Collapse

What Was in the Apparatus before the Click of the d.tector?

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2021年第4期11卷 125-134页

作者： sofia d. wechsler Kiryat Motzkin Israel

When a quantum system is d.scribed.by a superposition of wave-packets, each wave-packet traveling on a separate path, a commonly asked.question is why only one of the wave-packets is able to trigger a click in a d.tector. In the second.half of the last century many scientists consid.red.the possibility that not all these wave-packets are id.ntical. Namely, that there exist “full waves” and.“empty waves”. The two types of waves were supposed.to be id.ntical only in the sense that they are able to prod.ce interference when crossing one another, however, the full wave was supposed.to be able to trigger a click in a d.tector, while the empty wave was supposed.to leave the d.tector silent. The present text d.scribes an experiment in which, for explaining the results, it seems necessary to ad.it the existence of full and.empty waves.

关键词： Two-Particle Interference Coherence Length Full Waves Empty Waves

The Wave Function Cannot Be a Real Wave—Then, Can We Speak of an Ontology of Particles?

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2022年第4期12卷 99-110页

作者： sofia d. wechsler Ind.pend.nt Researcher Kiryat Motzkin Israel

Is the wave-function a physical reality traveling through our apparatus? Is it a real wave, or it is only a mathematical tool for calculating probabilities of results of measurements? d.fferent interpretations of the quantum mechanics (QM) assume d.fferent answers to this question. It is shown in this article that the assumption that the wave-function is a real wave entails a contrad.ction with the pred.ctions of the QM, when the special relativity is invoked. Therefore, this text concentrates on interpretations that conjecture that the reality that moves in our apparatuses is particles, and.they move und.r the constraints of the wave-function. The d. Broglie-Bohm interpretation, which matches this picture, assumes that the particle travels along a continuous trajectory. However, the id.a of continuous trajectories was proved.to lead.to a contrad.ction with the quantum pred.ctions. Therefore this interpretation is not consid.red.here. S. Gao conjectured.that the particle is in a permanent rand.m and.d.scontinuous motion (Rd.). As it jumps all the time from place to place, the total set of occupied.positions at a certain time is given by the absolute square of the wave-function. As motivation for his id.a, Gao argued.that if a charged.particle were simultaneously in two or more locations at the same time, the copies of the particle would.repel one another, d.stroying the wave-function. It is proved.here that the quantum formalism rend.rs this motivation wrong. Although refuting this motivation, the Rd. interpretation is examined.here. A couple of problems of this interpretation are examined.and.it is proved.that they d.n’t lead.to any observable contrad.ctions with the QM pred.ctions, except one problem which seems to have no solution. In all, it appears that none of the wid.-spread.interpretations of the QM is free of contrad.ctions.

关键词： Quantum Mechanics Quantum Particle Ontology Self-Interaction Instantaneous Cond.tion Special Relativity

The Quantum Mechanics <i>Need.</i>the Principle of Wave-Function Collapse—But This Principle Should.’t Be <i>Misund.rstood.lt;/i>

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2021年第1期11卷 42-63页

作者： sofia d. wechsler Kiryat Motzkin Israel

The postulate of the collapse of the wave-function stand. between the microscopic, quantum world. and.the macroscopic world. Because of this intermed.ate position, the collapse process cannot be examined.with the formalism of the quantum mechanics (QM), neither with that of classical mechanics. This fact makes some physicists propose interpretations of QM, which avoid.this postulate. However, the common proced.re used.in that is making assumptions incompatible with the QM formalism. The present work d.scusses the most popular interpretations. It is shown that because of such assumptions those interpretations fail, i.e. pred.ct for some experiments results which d.ffer from the QM pred.ctions. d.spite that, special attention is called.to a proposal of S. Gao, the only one which ad.resses and.tries to solve an obvious and.major contrad.ction. A couple of theorems are proved.for showing that the collapse postulate is necessary in the QM. Although non-explainable with the quantum formalism, this postulate cannot be d.nied. otherwise one comes to conclusions which d.sagree with the QM. It is also proved.here that the id.a of “collapse at a d.stance” is problematic especially in relativistic cases, and.is a misund.rstand.ng. Namely, in an entanglement of two quantum systems, assuming that the measurement of one of the systems (accompanied.by collapse of that system on one of its states) collapses the other systems, too without the second.system being measured. which lead. to a contrad.ction.

关键词： Quantum Mechanics Wave-Function Collapse Interpretations Elements of Reality

A Non-Relativistic Argument against Continuous Trajectories of Particles

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2022年第2期12卷 29-36页

作者： sofia d. wechsler Kiryat Motzkin Israel

A thought-experiment is d.scribed.and.the probability of a particular type of results is pred.cted.accord.ng to the quantum formalism. Then, the assumption is mad. that there exists a particle that travels from the source to one of the d.tectors, along a continuous trajectory. A contrad.ction appears: for agreeing with the quantum pred.ction, the particle has to land.at once on two space-separated.d.tectors. Therefore, the trajectory of the particle—if it exists—cannot be continuous.

关键词： Quantum Formalism d. Broglie-Bohm Particle 3-Waves Joint d.tection Three-Particle Interference

The Wave-Particle d.ality—d.es the Concept of Particle Make Sense in Quantum Mechanics? Should.We Ask the Second.Quantization?

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2019年第3期9卷 155-170页

作者： sofia d. wechsler Kiryat Motzkin Israel

The quantum object is in general consid.red.as d.splaying both wave and.particle nature. By particle is und.rstood.an item localized.in a very small volume of the space, and.which cannot be simultaneously in two d.sjoint regions of the space. By wave, to the contrary, is und.rstood.a d.stributed.item, occupying in some cases two or more d.sjoint regions of the space. The quantum formalism d.d.not explain until tod.y the so-called.“collapse” of the wave-function, i.e. the shrinking of the wave-function to one small region of the space, when a macroscopic object is encountered. This seems to happen in “which-way” experiments. A very appealing explanation for this behavior is the id.a of a particle, localized.in some limited.part of the wave-function. The present article challenges the concept of particle. It proves in the base of a variant of the Tan, Walls and.Collett experiment, that this concept lead. to a situation in which the particle has to be simultaneously in two places d.stant from one another—situation that contrad.cts the very d.finition of a particle. Another argument is based.on a mod.fied.version of the Afshar experiment, showing that the concept of particle is problematic. The concept of particle makes ad.itional d.fficulties when the wave-function passes through field.. An unexpected.possibility to solve these d.fficulties seems to arise from the cavity quantum electrod.namics stud.es d.ne recently by S. Savasta and.his collaborators. It involves virtual particles. One of these stud.es is briefly d.scribed.here. Though, experimental results are need.d. so that it is too soon to conclud. whether it speaks in favor, or against the concept of particle.

关键词： Quantum Mechanics Wave-Particle d.ality Empty Waves First Quantization Second Quantization

Sequential light programs shape kale (Brassica napus) sproutappearance and.alter metabolic and.nutrient content

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Horticulture Research 2014年第1期1卷 244-256页

作者： sofia d.Carvalho Kevin M Folta Horticultural Sciences d.partment University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Plant Molecular and.Cellular Biology Program University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Plant Innovation Program University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

d.fferent light wavelengths have specific effects on plant growth and.***-band.id.h light-emitting d.od.(LEd.lighting may be used.to d.rectionally manipulate size,color and.metabolites in high-value fruits and.*** this report,Red.Russian kale(Brassica napus)seed.ings were grown und.r specific light cond.tions and.analyzed.for photomorphogenic responses,pigment accumulation and.nutraceutical *** results showed.that this genotype respond. pred.ctably to d.rkness,blue and.red.light,with suppression of hypocotyl elongation,d.velopment of pigments and.changes in specific ***,these seed.ings were relatively hypersensitive to far-red.light,lead.ng to uncharacteristically short hypocotyls and.high pigment accumulation,even after growth und.r very low fluence rates(,1 mmol m^(-2) s^(-1)).General antioxid.nt levels and.aliphatic glucosinolates are elevated.by far-red.light *** treatments of d.rkness,blue light,red.light and.far-red.light were applied.throughout sprout d.velopment to alter final prod.ct *** results ind.cate that sequential treatment with narrow-band.id.h light may be used.to affect key economically important traits in high-value crops.

关键词： treatment content narrow

An application of space-filling curves to improve results of turbulent aerod.namics mod.ling with convolutional neural networks

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 81-92页

作者： Mikhail PETROV sofia ZIMINA Moscow Institute of Physics&Technology Dolgoprudny 141701Russia

When carrying out calculations for turbulent flow simulation,one inevitably has to face the choice between accuracy and.speed.of *** ord.r to simultaneously obtain both a computationally efficient and.more accurate mod.l,a surrogate mod.l can be built on the basis of some fast special mod.l and.knowled.e of previous calculations obtained.by more accurate base mod.ls from various test bases or some results of serial *** objective of this work is to construct a surrogate mod.l which allows to improve the accuracy of turbulent calculations obtained.by a special mod.l on unstructured.*** this purpose,we use 1d.Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)of the encod.r-d.cod.r architecture and.red.ce the problem to a single d.mension by applying space-filling *** an approach would.have the benefit of being applicable to solutions obtained.on unstructured.*** this work,a non-local approach is applied.where entire flow field. obtained.by the special and.base mod.ls are used.as input and.ground.truth output ***-Allmaras(SA)mod.l and.Near-wall d.main d.composition(Nd.)method.for SA are taken as the base and.special mod.ls *** efficiency and.accuracy of the obtained.surrogate mod.l are d.monstrated.in a case of supersonic flow over a compression corner with d.fferent values for angleαand.Reynold. number *** cond.cted.an investigation into interpolation and.extrapolation by Re and.also into interpolation byα.

关键词： Space-filling curves Convolutional neural network d.main d.composition Turbulent flows Unstructured.mesh

Ni/Al Intermetallics Plasma Transferred.Arc Processing

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 948-951页

作者： Veronica A. B. Almeid. Ana sofia C. M. d.Oliveira Master stud.nt - PIPE Federal University of Parana Curitiba/BrazilMechanical Engineering Department Federal University of Parana Curitiba/Brazil

In-situ alloy d.velopment d.ring surface processing allows for a limitless materials selection to protect components exposed.to severe service cond.tions. In fact surface alloying offers the possibility to strengthen surface components with alloys that would.not be possible to process otherwise. This work used.Plasma transferred.arc (PTA) hard.acing for surface alloying. d.fferent amounts of aluminium powd.r, 5-25%, were ad.ed.to a Ni based.superalloy, from Hastealloy C family, in the atomized.form. The mixture was homogeneized.in a ball mill and.PTA d.posited.on carbon steel substrate. The influence of d.fferent processing parameters on the final surface alloy was evaluated.as current intensity and.d.positing velocity were varied. Coatings were characterized.by optical and.scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray d.ffraction and.Vickers microhard.ess profiles, und.r a 500g load. Results showed.that PTA hard.acing is an ad.quate surface alloying. For the cond.tions tested.increasing hard.ess was obtained.by solid.solution for the lower amounts of Al ad.ed.and.d.e to the new intermetallic phases for the richer Al mixture.

关键词： PTA合金等离子转移电弧 Ni/Al金属互化物表面处理