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The Seismicity and Seismological Work of Myanmar

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Earthquake Research in China 2002年第3期16卷 228-235页

作者： soe win Aye Ko Department of Meteorology and Hydrology Department of Meteorology and Hydrology Mayangon 11061 Kabaaye Pagoda Road Yangon MyanmarMayangon 11061 Kabaaye Pagoda Road Yangon Myanmar

In this report, the set up, responsibility and objectives of the seismological division of Myanmar are briefly presented. A general description of the seismotectonics and seismicity in Myanmar is given. The activities... 详细信息

关键词：缅甸地震大地构造学地震监测国际合作

Does the spatial arrangement of urban landscape matter?Examples of urban warming and cooling in Phoenix and Las Vegas

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第4期1卷 13-28页

作者： soe win Myint Baojuan Zheng Emily Talen Chao Fan Shai Kaplan Ariane Middel Martin Smith Huei-Ping Huang Anthony Brazel School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State University975 South Myrtle AvenueTempeArizona 85287 USA Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence South Dakota State University1021 Medary AvenueWecota Hall 115Box 506BBrookingsSouth Dakota 57007 USA Department of Geography and Environmental Development Ben-Gurion University of the NegevP.O.Box 653Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityWrigley Hall800 Cady Mall 108TempeArizona 85281 USA School for Engineering of Matter Transportand EnergyArizona State University501 East Tyler MallP.O.Box 876106TempeArizona 85287 USA

This study examines the impact of spatial landscape configuration(e.g.,clustered,dispersed)on land-surface temperatures(LST)over Phoenix,Arizona,and Las Vegas,Nevada,*** classified detailed land-cover types via object-based image analysis(OBIA)using Geoeye-1 at 3-m resolution(Las Vegas)and QuickBird at 2.4-m resolution(Phoenix).Spatial autocorrelation(local Moran’s I)was then used to test for spatial dependence and to determine how clustered or dispersed points were ***,we used Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)data acquired over Phoenix(daytime on 10 June and nighttime on 17 October 2011)and Las Vegas(daytime on 6 July and nighttime on 27 August 2005)to examine day-and nighttime LST with regard to the spatial arrangement of anthropogenic and vegetation *** Moran’s I values of each land-cover type were spatially correlated to surface *** spatial configuration of grass and trees shows strong negative correlations with LST,implying that clustered vegetation lowers surface temperatures more *** contrast,clustered spatial arrangements of anthropogenic land-cover types,especially impervious surfaces and open soil,elevate *** findings suggest that city planners and managers should,where possible,incorporate clustered grass and trees to disperse unmanaged soil and paved surfaces,and fill open unmanaged soil with *** findings are in line with national efforts to augment and strengthen green infrastructure,complete streets,parking management,and transit-oriented development practices,and reduce sprawling,unwalkable housing development.

关键词： ASTER daytime temperatures,nighttime temperatures Las Vegas,Nevada,USA local Moran’s I Phoenix,Arizona,USA spatial autocorrelation spatial configuration urban landscape

Distribution Pattern and Seasonal Variation of Bird Species from Semi-Urban Area of Taungoo Environs

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American Journal of Operations Research 2020年第4期10卷 111-121页

作者： San San Oo Nyo Nyo Aung Aye Aye Khine Myo Sandar win San Aung Tun Tun Myint Khin Khin Yone Nwe Nwe Aung Khin Maw Maw Myint Aung Aung Khin Mar Lwin soe soe win Nyunt Nyunt Oo Biak Khun Aye Zoology Department University of Yangon Yangon Myanmar Zoology Department East Yangon University Yangon Myanmar Zoology Department Taungoo Uniersity Taungoo Myanmar Zoology Department Kyaing Tong Uniersity Kyaing Tong Myanmar Zoology Department Dagon University Yangon Myanmar Department of Zoology Hpaan University Hpann Myanmar Zoology Department Hakar Uniersity Hakar Myanmar

The environs of Taungoo Township, Bago Region are one of the high biodiversity areas in Myanmar, locating eastern side of the high mountain ranges of Middle Yoma. The dense of every green and deciduous forest in the middle Middle Yoma were logging since 10 - 20 years ago. The birds inhabiting in that area have to refuge in suitable habitats nearby. The resent status of bird species is needed to assess the diversity of birds with the respect to distribution and seasonal variation after the construction of Yangon-Nepyitaw, Myanmar after twenty years ago. A total of 50 species of 27 genera, 22 families under nine orders were recorded. That represented 44 resident species (32 terrestrial species and 12 water bird species), and 6 species of migratory birds (1 terrestrial species and 5 water bird species). As habitat utilization, 24 bird species in paddy fields, 21 species in scattered trees, 33 species in wetland and 25 species in forest habitat types were investigated. Some species used more than one habitat types. According to the assessment of abundance categories based on the calculation of individual numbers of the birds, abundant category (3 species), common bird (1 species), frequent category (5 species), uncommon category (3 species) and rare species (28 species) were categorized. Hence, bird community was still sustainable in this area. In the aspect of conservation status, all recorded bird species were under least concern categories, according to the IUCN Redlist in the study area.

关键词： Species Diversity Birds Habitat Utilization Taungoo Environs

Observed characteristics of flow,water mass,and turbulent mixing in the Preparis Channel

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第2期42卷 83-93页

作者： Ruijie Ye Feng Zhou Xiao Ma Dingyong Zeng Feilong Lin Hongliang Li Chenggang Liu soe Moe Lwin Hlaing Swe win soe Pyae Aung State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou310012China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China Geology Department Dagon UniversityYangon11422Myanmar National Analytical Laboratory Department of Research Innovation Ministry of EducationYangon11061Myanmar Port and Harbour Engineering Department Myanmar Maritime UniversityYangon11293Myanmar

Preparis Channel is the very important exchange path of energy and materials between the northern Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea(AS).A set of hydrographic measurements,a microstructure profiler,and a deep mooring were used to determine the characteristics of water masses,turbulent mixing,and flows in the Preparis *** unprecedented short-term mooring data reveal that a deep current in the deep narrow passage(below 400 m)of the Preparis Channel flows toward the Bay of Bengal(BoB)with a mean along-stream velocity of 25.26 cm/s at depth of 540 m;above the deep current,there are a relatively weak current flows toward the AS with a mean along-stream velocity of 15.46 cm/s between 500 m and 520 m,and another weak current flows toward the BoB between 430 m and 500 ***,a sandwiched vertical structure of deep currents(below 400 m)is present in the Preparis *** volume transport below 400 m is 0.06 Sv(1 Sv=106 m^(3)/s)from the AS to the *** the upper layer(shallower than 300 m),the sea water of the AS is relatively warmer and fresher than that in the BoB,indicating a strong exchange through the *** profiler observations reveal that the turbulent diffusivity in the upper layer of the Preparis Channel reaches O(10−4 m^(2)/s),one order larger than that in the interior of the BoB and over the continental slope of the northern *** speculate that energetic high-mode internal tides in the Preparis Channel contribute to elevated turbulent *** addition,a local“hotspot”of turbidity is identified at the deep mooring site,at depth of about 100 m,which corresponds to the location of elevated turbulent mixing in the Preparis Channel.

关键词： deep flow turbulent mixing water mass Preparis Channel

Assessment of Farmer’s Practices on the Rubber Nursery Management Using Growing Medium and Varietal Selection in Mon State

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第3期13卷 307-320页

作者： Khaing Hninn soe Kyaw Ngwe Yinn Mar soe Kyaw Kyaw win Aung Naing Oo Department of Soil and Water Science Yezin Agricultural University Naypyitaw Myanmar Pro Rector (Admin.) Office Yezin Agricultural University Naypyitaw Myanmar Phyu Campus Yezin Agricultural University Naypyitaw Myanmar

Rubber is an economically important perennial crop in Myanmar for latex production. As the rubber plantation area increases yearly, the requirement of vigorous rubber seedlings for its establishment plays a central role. The success of rubber plantations depends on some farming practices such as using different compost or other materials in the potting soil-medium, varietal selection for stock and scion in the budding process, and fertilizer application methods. The objective of this study was to assess the farmer’s practices in the establishment of rubber nurseries in mostly rubber planted areas in Myanmar. The survey interviewed 60 respondents from three townships in Mon State, namely Mudon, Kyaikmaraw, and Thanbyuzayat. The response data were analyzed through the descriptive method. This survey exposed the potentially active operators (middle age of 30 - 60 years) in rubber nursery production. Local experienced farmers usually raised the budded seedlings with 15 cm × 23 cm polyethylene bag in all study regions. Most farmers selected multi-clonal seed for stock and BPM 24 for scion according to the local market demand and high latex yield. All survey areas used both organic and inorganic fertilizers for nutrient management. Compost is a chief component of growing medium in their nursery production. However, making compost and high demand of the compost were local constraints. Therefore, this survey suggested improving the proper composting method for rubber nursery establishment.

关键词： Compost Farmers’ Practices Nutrient Management Varietal Selection

Hepatitis C virus therapy with peg-interferon and ribavirin in Myanmar: A resource-constrained country

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第43期22卷 9613-9622页

作者： Naomi Khaing Than Hlaing Debolina Banerjee Robert Mitrani soe Htet Arker Kyaw San win Nyan Lin Tun Zaw Thant Khin Maung win K Rajender Reddy Department of Hepatology Mandalay General Hospital Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Pennsylvania

AIM To investigate peg-interferon(peg-IFN) and ribavirin(RBV) therapy in Myanmar and to predict sustained virologic response(SVR).METHODS This single-center, open-label, study was conducted in Myanmar between 2009 and 2014. A total of 288 patients infected with HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 6 were treated with peg-IFN alpha-2a(180 μg/wk) or alpha-2b(50 to 100 μg as a weight-based dose) and RBV as a weight-based dose(15 mg/kg/d). Treatment duration was 48 wk for genotypes 1 and 6, 24 wk for genotype 2, and 24 or 48 wk for genotype 3 based on rapid virologic response(RVR). Those co-infected with hepatitis B received 48 wk of *** Overall, SVR was achieved for 82% of patients and the therapy was well tolerated. All patients achieved SVR at equivalent rates regardless of HCV genotype(P = 0.314). Low fibrosis scores(P 96% positive predictive value for achieving SVR. Treatment duration did not significantly impact the likelihood of achieving SVR for patients infected with genotype 3 HCV(P = 0.371). The most common adverse events were fatigue(71%) and poor appetite(60%). Among patients with genotype 3 HCV, more patients in the 48-wk treatment group required erythropoietin than in the 24-wk treatment group(61.1% vs 49.2%).CONCLUSION SVR rates were high with peg-IFN and RBV therapy in Myanmar. Fibrosis scores, baseline albumin, HCV RNA levels and RVR independently predicted SVR.

关键词：丙肝病毒 Pegylated 干扰素 Ribavirin 持续 virologic 反应快速的 virologic 反应

Participation of private general practitioners in disease management of malaria in Myanmar

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第5期2卷 71-76页

作者： Thein Tun Zaw win Tun Hla soe Tint Khin Lin Thar Tun Kyaw Moe Kyaw Myint Department of Medical Research(Upper Myanmar) AnisakhanPyin Oo Lwin 05062Mandalay DivisionMyanmar VBDC Divisional Office 35th StreetMandalayMyanmar

Objective:Myanmar has been trying to improve the disease management of malaria through public health services. The involvement of private general practitioners(GPs) is recognized as one of the key contributory issues in malaria control,but no one has yet made an attempt to study the efficiency of their *** study aimed to assess the participation of GPs in improvement of disease ***:The study was conducted with all 32 GPs practicing at three randomly selected townships with high malaria load situated in Upper Myanmar from June 2006 to March 2007 using a pretest-posttest design to assess their knowledge of the disease management prior to and after *** intervention package consisted of a one-day workshop on diagnosis and treatment of malaria and the supply of facilities for *** filled in before and after tests were compared to assess the change of knowledge after the *** and treatment practice during the study period was analysed by review of registers kept by GPs,together with a follow-up survey of their patients for the reliability of ***:An overall improvement of knowledge was observed and significant changes were apparent for three variables:the criteria for referral of severe malaria,the effect of incomplete treatment and recommended treatment of Plasmodium ***-test results showed that only 65.6%of GPs perceived microscopy or Rapid Diagnostic Test kits(RDTs) for confirmation of malaria necessary,while only 15.6%and 40.6%of the GPs knew the recommended treatments of falciparum and vivax malaria,respectively. However,after intervention 92%of the patients were diagnosed as malaria by RDTs and 3%by microscopy throughout the *** GPs prescribed artemisinin-based combination therapy(ACTs) to 95%of confirmed falciparum cases and treated 82.4%of RDT confirmed falciparum negatives with chloroquine and *** with our study,an international NGO,Population Service In

关键词： Malaria Myanmar Private health services Disease management Private general practitioners

International non-governmental organizations’provision of communitybased tuberculosis care for hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,2013-2014

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 598-604页

作者： Kyaw Thu soe Saw Saw Johan van Griensven Shuisen Zhou Le win Palanivel Chinnakali Safieh Shah Myo Myo Mon Si Thu Aung Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch)Ward 16Near Anisakhan AirportPyin Oo Lwin TownshipMandalay RegionMyanmar Institute of Tropical Medicine Nationalestraat 155Antwerp 2000Belgium National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research No-1Vinayagar kovil StreetKathirkamamPuducherry605009India Operational Research Unit Medecins Sans FrontieresOperational Research Unit68rue de GasperichLuxembourg City L-1617Luxembourg National Tuberculosis Programme Disease Control UnitNay Pyi Taw Bed 1000 HospitalZabu Kyatthayay roadZabu Thiri TownshipNay Pyi TawMyanmar

Background:National tuberculosis(TB)programs increasingly engage with international non-governmental organizations(INGOs),especially to provide TB care in complex settings where community involvement might be *** Myanmar,however,there is limited data on how such INGO community-based programs are organized and how effective they *** this study,we describe four INGO strategies for providing community-based TB care to hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,and assess their contribution to TB case ***:We conducted a descriptive study using program data from four INGOs and the National TB Program(NTP)in *** each INGO,we extracted information on its approach and key activities,the number of presumptive TB cases referred and undergoing TB testing,and the number of patients diagnosed with TB and their treatment *** contribution of INGOs to TB diagnosis in their selected townships was calculated as the proportion of INGO-diagnosed new TB cases out of the total NTP-diagnosed new TB cases in the same ***:All four INGOs implemented community-based TB care in challenging contexts,targeting migrants,post-conflict areas,the urban poor,and other vulnerable *** recruited community volunteers via existing community health volunteers or health structures,one via existing community leaderships,and one directly involved TB infected/affected *** INGOs compensated volunteers via performance-based financing,and two provided financial and in-kind *** relied on NTP laboratories for diagnosis and TB drugs,but provided direct observation treatment support and treatment follow-up.A total of 21995 presumptive TB cases were referred for TB diagnosis,with 7383(34%)new TB cases diagnosed and almost all(98%)successfully *** four INGOs contributed to the detection of,on average,36%(7383/20663)of the total new TB cases in their respective townships(range:15-52%).Conclusion:Community-based TB care suppor

关键词： Operational research Community Tuberculosis Volunteers Contribution International nongovernmental organizations Myanmar

Fish Species Diversity in Upstream and Downstream of Sittaung River,Bago Region,Myanmar

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2020年第4期9卷 140-148页

作者： Toe Toe soe San San Oo Khin Thuzar win Nyo Nyo Aung Aye Aye Su Khine Wai Yin Nu Hninn Kyaing win win Than Department of Zoology University of YangonKamayut Township 11041YangonMyanmar Department of Zoology University of TaungooTaungoo08101Bago RegionMyanmar Myeik University Kalwin Ward14053MyeikTanintharyi RegionMyanmar

This research was conducted to generate a primary database on ichthyofauna,distribution and diversities in the upstream and downstream segments of Sittaung River in Bago Region of *** study contributes to the information needed on the distribution of river fish in *** diversities are assessed by calculating the various diversities indices between December,2018 and November,2019.A total of 65 fish species belonging to 9 orders,23 families and 49 genera were *** 65 fish species were found in upstream segment but only 60 species of them were found in downstream segment of the *** all study sites,Shannon diversity index had value above 3 indicating that the structure of habitat was stable and ***’s index values were close to 1 in all sites indicating that the species richness in the region was *** abundance all of above 5%of total catch of Mystus vittatus,***,*** and Erethistes pusillus in their feeding habitat suggested that their upstream and downstream habitats provided suitable feeding *** bengalensis,Tenualosa ilisha,Mystus gulio,Rita rita and Silonia silondia were least abundant all below 0.1%of total catch showing they could be impacted by unwise anthropogenic *** fish species diversity is thus very important to conserve and manage and promote the health of river ecosystem that is necessary for the migration of fish species.

关键词： River fish diversity conserve and manage promoting the health of river ecosystem