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A bioactivity Versus Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants from Nigeria, West Africa

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Natural Products and bioprospecting 2014年第1期4卷 1-19页

作者： Lydia L.Lifongo Conrad V.Simoben Fidele Ntie-Kang Smith B.Babiaka Philip N.Judson Chemical and bioactivity Information Centre Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon Chemical and bioactivity Information Centre 22-23 Blenheim TerraceWoodhouse LaneLeeds LS29HDUK Chemical and bioactivity Information Centre Granary Wharf House2 Canal WharfLeeds LS115PYUK

Traditional medicinal practices play a key role in health care systems in countries with developing economies.The aim of this survey was to validate the use of traditional medicine within local Nigerian communities.In this review,we examine the ethnobotanical uses of selected plant species from the Nigerian flora and attempt to correlate the activities of the isolated bioactive principles with known uses of the plant species in African traditional medicine.Thirty-three(33)plant species were identified and about 100 out of the 120 compounds identified with these plants matched with the ethnobotanical uses of the plants.

关键词： African traditional medicine bioactivity Ethnobotany Medicinal plants Nigeria

Anti-onchocerca Metabolites from Cyperus articulatus:Isolation,In Vitro Activity and In Silico‘Drug-Likeness’

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Natural Products and bioprospecting 2014年第4期4卷 243-249页

作者： Jonathan Alunge Metuge Smith B.Babiaka James A.Mbah Fidele Ntie-Kang Godfred A.Ayimele Fidelis Cho-Ngwa ANDI Centre of Excellence Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon Chemical and bioactivity Information Centre Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon

The aims of this investigation were to isolate active ingredients from the roots/rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus used as herbal medicine in Cameroon for the treatment of human onchocerciasis and to assess the efficacy of the metabolites on the Onchocerca worm.The antifilarial activity was evaluated in vitro on microfilariae(Mfs)and adult worms of the bovine derived Onchocerca ochengi,a close relative of Onchocerca volvulus.Cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro on monkey kidney epithelial cells.The structures of the active compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods and their drug-likeness evaluated using Lipinski parameters.Two secondary metabolites,AMJ1[containing mustakone(1)as the major component]and linoleic acid or(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid(2)were isolated.both compounds were found to kill both the microfilariae and adult worms of O.ochengi in a dose dependent manner.The IC50s for AMJ1 were 15.7 lg/mL for Mfs,17.4 lg/mL for adult males and 21.9 lg/mL for adult female worms while for linoleic acid the values were,15.7 lg/mL for Mfs,31.0 lg/mL for adult males and 44.2 lg/mL for adult females.The present report provides the first ever evidence of the anti-Onchocerca efficacy of AMJ1 and linoleic acid.Thus,these secondary metabolites may provide a lead for design and development of new antifilarial agents.

关键词： Cyperus articulates Linoleic acid Microfilariae Mustakone Onchocerca ochengi Onchocerca volvulus

Vitamin A regulates intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle development:promoting high-quality beef production

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1138-1147页

作者： Dong Qiao Peng Stephen b.smith Hong Gu Lee Department of Animal Science and Technology Sanghuh College of Life SciencesKonkuk UniversitySeoul 05029South Korea Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

During growth in cattle,the development of intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle is dependent upon cell hyperplasia(increased number of adipocytes)and hypertrophy(increased size of adipocytes).based on the results of previous studies,other adipose tissue depots(e.g.,perirenal and subcutaneous)develop from the fetal stage primarily as brown adipose tissue.The hyperplastic stage of intramuscular adipose is considered to develop from late pregnancy,but there is no evidence indicating that intramuscular adipose tissue develops initially as brown adipose tissue.Hyperplastic growth of intramuscular adipose continues well into postweaning and is dependent on the timing of the transition to grain-based diets;thereafter,the late-stage development of intramuscular adipose tissue is dominated by hypertrophy.For muscle development,hyperplasia of myoblasts lasts from early(following development of somites in the embryo)to middle pregnancy,after which growth of muscle is the result of hypertrophy of myofibers.Vitamin A is a fat-soluble compound that is required for the normal immunologic function,vision,cellular proliferation,and differentiation.Here we review the roles of vitamin A in intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle development in cattle.Vitamin A regulates both hyperplasia and hypertrophy in in vitro experiments.Vitamin A supplementation at the early stage and restriction at fattening stage generate opposite effects in the beef cattle.Appropriate vitamin A supplementation and restriction strategy increase intramuscular adipose tissue development(i.e.,marbling or intramuscular fat)in some in vivo trials.besides,hyperplasia and hypertrophy of myoblasts/myotubes were affected by vitamin A treatment in in vitro trials.Additionally,some studies reported an interaction between the alcohol dehydrogenase-1C(ADH1C)genotype and vitamin A feed restriction for the development of marbling and/or intramuscular adipose tissue,which was dependent on the timing and level of vitamin A restriction.Therefore,the feed strategy of vitam

关键词： Adipose tissue Cattle Intramuscular adipose tissue Muscle development Vitamin A

Exploring the role of mononuclear phagocytes in the epididymis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 591-596页

作者： Nicolas Da Silva Tegan b smith Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Division of Nephrology Center for Systems Biology Boston Massachusetts USA.

The onslaught of foreign antigens carried by spermatozoa into the epididymis, an organ that has not demonstrated immune privilege, a decade or more after the establishment of central immune tolerance presents a unique biological challenge. Historically, the physical confinement of spermatozoa to the epididymal tubule enforced by a tightly interwoven wall of epithelial cells was considered sufficient enough to prevent cross talk between gametes and the immune system and, ultimately, autoimmune destruction. The discovery of an intricate arrangement of mononuclear phagocytes （MPs） comprising dendritic cells and macrophages in the murine epididymis suggests that we may have underestimated the existence of a sophisticated mucosal immune system in the posttesticular environment. This review consolidates our current knowledge of the physiology of MPs in the steady state epididymis and speculates on possible interactions between auto-antigenic spermatozoa, pathogens and the immune system by drawing on what is known about the immune system in the intestinal mucosa. Ultimately, further investigation will provide valuable information regarding the origins of pathologies arising as a result of autoimmune or inflammatory responses in the epididymis, including epididymitis and infertility.

关键词： antigen-presenting cells autoimmunity dendritic cells epididymis macrophages peripheral tolerance sperm maturation spermatozoa

History and evaluation of national-scale geochemical data sets for the United States

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第2期4卷 167-183页

作者： David b.smith Steven M.smith John D.Horton U.S.Geological Survey.Denver Federal Center MS 973.DenverCO 80225USA

Six national-scale,or near national-scale,geochemical data sets for soils or stream sediments exist for the United States.The earliest of these,here termed the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was generated by a U.S. Geological Survey（USGS） project conducted from 1961 to 1975.This project used soil collected from a depth of about 20 cm as the sampling medium at 1323 sites throughout the conterminous U.S.The National Uranium Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance（NUREHSSR） Program of the U.S.Department of Energy was conducted from 1975 to 1984 and collected either stream sediments,lake sediments,or soils at more than 378,000 sites in both the conterminous U.S.and Alaska.The sampled area represented about 65%of the nation.The Natural Resources Conservation Service（NRCS）,from 1978 to 1982,collected samples from multiple soil horizons at sites within the major crop-growing regions of the conterminous U.S.This data set contains analyses of more than 3000 samples.The National Geochemical Survey,a USGS project conducted from 1997 to 2009,used a subset of the NURE-HSSR archival samples as its starting point and then collected primarily stream sediments, with occasional soils,in the parts of the U.S.not covered by the NURE-HSSR Program.This data set contains chemical analyses for more than 70,000 samples.The USGS,in collaboration with the Mexican Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada,initiated soil sampling for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project in 2007.Sampling of three horizons or depths at more than 4800 sites in the U.S.was completed in 2010,and chemical analyses are currently ongoing.The NRCS initiated a project in the 1990s to analyze the various soil horizons from selected pedons throughout the U.S.This data set currently contains data from more than 1400 sites.This paper（1） discusses each data set in terms of its purpose,sample collection protocols,and analytical methods;and（2） evaluates each data set in terms of its appropriateness as a national-scale geoc

关键词： Geochemical mapping National-scale geochemical data Geochemical baselines United States

Increased proportion of alcohol-related trauma in a South London major trauma centre during lockdown:A cohort study

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022年第5期25卷 277-282页

作者： Oliver S.brown Toby O.smith Andrew J.Gaukroger Prodromos Tsinaslanidis Caroline b.Hing St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust LondonUnited Kingdom Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of East AngliaNonwvichUnited Kingdom

Purpose:Alcohol has been associated with 10%—35%trauma admissions and 40%trauma-related deaths globally.In response to the COVID-19 pandemic,the United Kingdom entered a state of"lockdown"on March 23,2020.Restrictions were most significantly eased on June 1,2020,when shops and schools re-opened.The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of lockdown on alcohol-related trauma admissions.Methods:All adult patients admitted as"trauma calls"to a London major trauma centre during April 2018 and April 2019(pre-lockdown,n=316),and 1st April—31st May 2020(lockdown,n=191)had electronic patient records analysed retrospectively.Patients’blood alcohol level and records of intoxication were used to identify alcohol-related trauma.Trauma admissions from pre-lockdown and lockdown cohorts were compared using multiple regression analyses.Results:Alcohol-related trauma was present in a significantly higher proportion of adult trauma calls during lockdown(lockdown 60/191(31.4%),vs.pre-lockdown 62/316(19.6%);(odds ratio(OR):0.83,95%CI:0.38—1.28,pbetween pre-lockdown and lockdown cohorts(p>0.05).Conclusions:The United Kingdom lockdown was independently associated with an increased proportion of alcohol-related trauma.Trauma admissions were increased during the weekend when staffing levels are reduced.With the possibility of further global"waves"of COVID-19,the long-term repercussions of dangerous alcohol-related behaviour to public health must be addressed.

关键词： Trauma Alcohol Lockdown COVID-19 Major trauma centre

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 effects on proliferation and telomerase activity in sheep growth plate chondrocytes

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2013年第1期4卷 41-48页

作者： Logan b smith Janelle M belanger Anita M Oberbauer Department of Animal Science University of California

background： Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 （FGFR3） inhibits growth-plate chondrocyte proliferation and limits bone elongation. Gain-of-function FGFR3 mutations cause dwarfism, reduced telomerase activity and shorter telomeres in growth plate chondroyctes suggesting that FGFR3 reduces proliferative capacity, inhibits telomerase, and enhances senescence. Thyroid hormone （1-3） plays a role in cellular maturation of growth plate chondrocytes and a known target of T3 is FGFR3. The present study addressed whether reduced FGFR3 expression enhanced telomerase activity, mRNA expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase （TERT） and RNA component of telomerase （TR）, and chondrocyte proliferation, and whether the stimulation of FGFR3 by T3 evoked the opposite response. Results： Sheep growth-plate proliferative zone chondrocytes were cultured and transfected with siRNA to reduce FGFR3 expression; FGFR3 siRNA reduced chondrocyte FGFR3 mRNA and protein resulting in greater proliferation and increased TERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity （p 〈 0.0.5）. Chondrocytes treated with T3 significantly enhanced FGFR3 mRNA and protein expression and reduced telomerase activity （p 〈 0.05）; TERT and TR were not significantly reduced. The action of T3 at the growth plate may be partially mediated through the FGFR3 pathway. Conclusions： The results suggest that FGFR3 inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and reducing telomerase activity indicating an important role for telomerase in capacity during bone elongation. by down-regulating TERT expression sustaining chondrocyte proliferative

关键词： Chondrocytes Growth-plate Telomerase Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 Thyroid hormone Sheep

Natural killer cell-triggered vascular transformation:maternal care before birth?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Jianhong Zhang Zhilin Chen Graeme N smith b.Anne Croy Department of Anatomy and Cell biology Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada

Natural killer(NK)cells are found in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs.In addition to important roles in immune surveillance,some NK cells contribute to angiogenesis and circulatory regulation.The uterus of early pregnancy is a non-lymphoid organ enriched in NK cells that are specifically recruited to placental attachment sites.In species with invasive hemochorial placentation,these uterine natural killer(uNK)cells,via secretion of cytokines,chemokines,mucins,enzymes and angiogenic growth factors,contribute to the physiological change of mesometrial endometrium into the unique stromal environment called decidua basalis.In humans,uNK cells have the phenotype CD56^(bright) CD16^(dim) and they appear in great abundance in the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.Gene expression studies indicate that CD56^(bright) CD16^(dim) uterine and circulating cells are functionally distinct.In humans but not mice or other species with post-implantation decidualization,uNK cells may contribute to blastocyst implantation and are of interest as therapeutic targets in female infertility.Histological and genetic studies in mice first identified triggering of the process of gestation spiral arterial modification as a major uNK cell function,achieved via interferon(IFN)-c secretion.During spiral arterial modification,branches from the uterine artery that traverse the endometrium/decidua transiently lose their muscular coat and ability to vasoconstrict.The expression of vascular markers changes from arterial to venous as these vessels dilate and become low-resistance,high-volume channels.Full understanding of the vascular interactions of human uNK cells is difficult to obtain because endometrial time-course studies are not possible in pregnant women.Here we briefly review key information concerning uNK cell functions from studies in rodents,summarize highlights concerning human uNK cells and describe our preliminary studies on development of a humanized,pregnant mouse model for in vivo investigations of human

关键词： decidua humanized mice pregnancy uterine natural killer cell

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运动是娱乐而非医药(英文)

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2016年第2期5卷 129-134页

作者： Andy smith York St John University

目的:本文旨在回答"运动是否为良医"这一问题,通过一项定性的案例研究,提出"运动是娱乐"这一观点。本研究首先对"运动是娱乐"这一观点进行描述和思考,其次确定建设具有休闲运动功能的体育公园应有的原则和过程,最后将"运动是娱乐"与一... 详细信息

目的:本文旨在回答"运动是否为良医"这一问题,通过一项定性的案例研究,提出"运动是娱乐"这一观点。本研究首先对"运动是娱乐"这一观点进行描述和思考,其次确定建设具有休闲运动功能的体育公园应有的原则和过程,最后将"运动是娱乐"与一项英国"推荐运动治疗"效果评价框架进行比较分析。方法:将4年的文档资料归纳为14类:大学战略、场地计划、政策文件、指导小组会议记录、现代文献、组织结构图、对地方政府体育政策的反应、咨询文件、操作程序、设备规格说明、合作协议、大学赛事工作相关材料、大学体育部门记录、时间安排。运用四阶段分析方法分析这些数据,并比较分析休闲娱乐这一主题内容。结果:本研究"运动是娱乐"的特性包括:重点关注用户体验、幸福感增强、社区的重要性、纳入包容性、运动、美学、休闲时间。用于开发体育公园的原则和方式包括:管理责任、合伙关系、价值、专业团队工作、地方遗产、改变、公园自然环境、物尽其用。与英国"推荐运动治疗"质量框架相比,"运动是娱乐"与之明显不同。结论:运动是娱乐,可提升个人及社区幸福感。

关键词：运动医学娱乐活动体育公园休闲时间合作伙伴关系组织结构图操作程序自然公园