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从存在到演化

自然杂志 1980年第1期 13-16页

作者： i.普里戈金

本文是普里戈金教授1979年8月22日在北京的演讲,征得演讲人同意由本刊发表,杜婵英据记录整理,郝柏林校订,未经本人审阅.读者如要进一步了解本文所述的内容.可参阅普里戈金教授接受诺贝尔奖金时的演说.见Sci.nce,201,4358(1978),中译文... 详细信息

本文是普里戈金教授1979年8月22日在北京的演讲,征得演讲人同意由本刊发表,杜婵英据记录整理,郝柏林校订,未经本人审阅.读者如要进一步了解本文所述的内容.可参阅普里戈金教授接受诺贝尔奖金时的演说.见Sci.nce,201,4358(1978),中译文可见本刊即将出版的1977年诺贝尔演讲集.

关键词：耗散结构线性不可逆热力学不可逆过程普里戈金对称破缺理论概念平衡态平衡状态(热力学) 经典力学统计解释昂萨格关系定态牛顿理论初始条件化学反应化学振荡

Entropy generati.n i. bypass transi.i.nal boundary layer flows

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Journal of Hydrodynami.s 2014年第5期26卷 669-680页

作者： GEORGE joseph OWEN Landon D. Xi.G Tao MCELi.OT Donald M. CREPEAU John C. BUDWi. Ralph S. NOLAN Kevi. P. Department of Mechani.al Engi.eeri.g College of EngineeringUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho 83843USA Uni.ersi.y of i.aho Idaho FallsIdaho 83402USA Uni.ersi.y of i.aho BoiseIdaho 83702USA i.peri.l College London London SW7-28ZUK

The pri.ary objecti.e of thi. study i. to evaluate the accuracy of usi.g computati.nal flui. dynami.s （CFD） turbulence models to predi.t entropy generati.n rates i. bypass transi.i.nal boundary layers flows under zero and adverse pressure gradi.nts. Entropy generati.n rates i. such flows are evaluated employi.g the commerci.l CFD software, ANSYS FLUENT. Vari.us turbulence and transi.i.nal models are assessed by compari.g thei. results wi.h the di.ect numeri.al si.ulati.n （DNS） data and two recent CFD studi.s. A soluti.n veri.i.ati.n study i. conducted on three systemati.ally refi.ed meshes. The factor of safety method i. used to esti.ate the numeri.al error and gri. uncertai.ti.s. Monotoni. convergence i. achi.ved for all si.ulati.ns. The Reynolds number based on momentum thi.kness, Reo, ski.-fri.ti.n coeffi.i.nt, Cf, approxi.ate entropy generati.n rates, S, di.si.ati.n coeffi.i.nt, Cd , and the i.termi.tency, y, are calculated for bypass transi.i.n si.ulati.ns. All Reynolds averaged Navi.r-Stokes （RANS） turbulence and transi.i.nal models show i.provement over previ.us CFD results i. predi.ti.g onset of transi.i.n. The transi.i.n SST k - ω 4 equati.n model shows closest agreement wi.h DNS data for all flow condi.i.ns i. thi. study due to a much fi.er gri. and more accurate i.let boundary condi.i.ns. The other RANS models predi.t an early onset of transi.i.n and hi.her boundary layer entropy generati.n rates than the DNS shows.

关键词： entropy generati.n bypass transi.i.n Reynolds averaged Navi.r-Stokes (RANS) transi.i.nal boundary layer turbulence models

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公路隧道火灾过程中的衬砌保护措施

中国公路 2009年第S1期 86-89页

作者：谢衔光 i. Kaundi.ya 四川铁科建设监理有限公司德国联邦公路研究所

本文解释和论述了保护混凝土隧道衬砌的不同结构措施,其目的是在发生火灾的情况下减少或避免隧道的破坏。耐火混凝土是一种相对新兴和有发展前途的措施,它可以在火灾发生的过程中避免隧道衬砌混凝土爆炸剥落。混凝土的耐火性可以通过加... 详细信息

本文解释和论述了保护混凝土隧道衬砌的不同结构措施,其目的是在发生火灾的情况下减少或避免隧道的破坏。耐火混凝土是一种相对新兴和有发展前途的措施,它可以在火灾发生的过程中避免隧道衬砌混凝土爆炸剥落。混凝土的耐火性可以通过加入聚丙烯纤维和选择混凝土配合料与集料来加以改善。在德国联邦公路研究所的一个研究项目中,对防火系统,特别是耐火混凝土的耐火性能和应用性进行了测试。

关键词：隧道火灾隧道安全性隧道施工混凝土剥落结构性耐火耐火混凝土

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对Al—Li.合金发展的新探讨

轻合金加工技术 1982年第Z1期 49-59+106页

作者： i. G. Palmer 张君尧

本文介绍了我们研究室近年来关于认识和解决干扰Al—Li.金发展的难题的研究情况及其结果。此外,确定了所发展的新Al—Li.金的性能指标:(a)弹性模量/比重之比值比7075—T76合金提高30％,而其他性能与7075—T76接近;(b)弹性模量/比重之... 详细信息

本文介绍了我们研究室近年来关于认识和解决干扰Al—Li.金发展的难题的研究情况及其结果。此外,确定了所发展的新Al—Li.金的性能指标:(a)弹性模量/比重之比值比7075—T76合金提高30％,而其他性能与7075—T76接近;(b)弹性模量/比重之比值,强度/比重之比值,都比7075—T76提高20％,而其他性能与7075—T76接近。采取了两种工艺方法:一种是常规铸锭冶金法(i.M);另一种是把快速冷凝的细粉粒压实的粉末冶金法(P/M)。采用快速冷凝法是为了减少或完全避免成分偏析,减小品粒尺寸,提高合金元素的固溶程度和细化弥散粒子。对两种方法制成的相似的合金的组织和性能作了一些比较。

关键词：弹性模量弹性系数 Al Li

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深入问题核心，发现缺陷的根本原因

中国认证认可 2017年第12期 23-25,21页

作者：德文.i.麦克罗伊刘健不详中国合格评定国家认可中心

制造企业进行缺陷调查时，经常把人为失误认定为缺陷的根本原因。因此，常见的纠正措施就是对相关员工进行再培训。这样做的结果导致生产缺陷的真正原因并未被识别和解决，于是缺陷一再发生。

关键词：缺陷调查原因制造企业人为失误纠正措施

Acceptance of COVi.-19 vacci.e and i.s related determi.ants i. Ni.eri.:An onli.e survey

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World Journal of Vi.ology 2024年第4期13卷 89-110页

作者： Eyi.che D Ezi.bo Seyi.S Eni.an Esther N Adejumo Abi.dun E Durosi.mi.Ri.hard Y Akele Mi.hael O Dada Grace E i.odo Abah M i.oko Okeoghene M Edafetanure-i.eh Edwi. N Okafor Adedeji.A Abdulsalam Oyekan i.Oyedoyi. Poli. U Yelpoji.Ogunwola O Opeyemi.Ogbuji.S Nmesomachi.Adesola O Oyekale Chi.om B Onyeji Haemostasi. and Thrombosi. Uni. Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesUniversity of NigeriaEnugu CampusEnuguEN 400241Nigeria Department of Medi.al Laboratory Sci.nce School of Public and Allied HealthBabcock UniversityIlishan-RemoOG 121109Nigeria Department of Medi.al Laboratory Sci.nce State HospitalIjebu-OdeOG 120221Nigeria Department of Bi.medi.al Sci.nce School of Applied ScienceUniversity of BrightonBrightonES BN24ATUnited Kingdom Department of Mi.robi.logy Federal Teaching Hospital LokojaLokojaKO 260006Nigeria Department of Hematology and Blood Group Serology Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory TechnologyVomPL 930101Nigeria Department of Envi.onmental and Occupati.nal Health Texas A and M University School of Public HealthGarlandTX 75049United States Di.i.i.n of Chemi.al Pathology Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesUniversity of NigeriaEnugu CampusEnuguEN 400102Nigeria School of Molecular Bi.sci.nce Sci.nces College of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowSCO G128QQUnited Kingdom Department of Medi.al Laboratory Sci.nce State Hospital Ijebu-OdeIjebu-OdeOG 360101Nigeria Department of Medi.al Laboratory Sci.nce Faculty of Health Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of JosJosPL 930103Nigeria Department of Medi.al Laboratory Sci.nce Bola Tinubu Health and Diagnostic CenterLagosLA 100102Nigeria Department of Pathology 68 Nigerian Army Reference HospitalYabaLA 1211001Nigeria Department of Medi.al Laboratory Sci.nce Ladoke Akintola University of TechnologyOgbomosoOS 2111105Nigeria

BACKGROUND Vacci.e hesi.ancy i. a major challenge i. the fi.ht agai.st the coronavi.us di.ease 2019(COVi.-19)*** the soci.demographi. factors associ.ted wi.h vacci.e acceptance among Ni.eri.ns i. cruci.l for i.provi.g vacci.e *** To assess the acceptance rate of COVi.-19 vacci.e and i.s related determi.ants among *** An onli.e cross-secti.nal survey(observati.nal study)was conducted between February 2021 and May 2021,usi.g a questi.nnai.e hosted on *** i.vi.ati.n to take part i. the poll was sent out to parti.i.ants through soci.l networki.g platforms.A logi.ti. regressi.n was used to determi.e whi.h soci.demographi. factors were associ.ted wi.h vacci.e acceptance *** A total of 1800 persons responded to the survey,a larger proporti.n of whom were males(53.9%)and wi.hi. the age group of 21-30 years(29.4%)and earned an average i.come of less than$500 per month(43.3%).Only 0.56%of parti.i.ants had a hi.h percei.ed ri.k of COVi.-19 i.fecti.n,whi.e only 1.11%had a percei.ed ri.k of dyi.g from *** percepti.n rate of the COVi.-19 vacci.e among parti.i.ants was 51.1%,whi.e the acceptance rate was 63.9%.There was no si.ni.i.ant associ.ti.n between the COVi.-19 vacci.e acceptance rate and related determi.ants assessed,parti.ularly age(χ²=3.049,P=0.550),sex(χ²=0.102,P=0.749),average i.come(χ²=3.802,P=0.875),and reli.i.n(χ²=2.819,P=0.420).Parti.i.ants wi.h chroni. condi.i.ns demonstrated a hi.her acceptance rate compared to the general *** Despi.e the posi.i.e percepti.n observed and substanti.l vacci.e acceptance rate among the study parti.i.ants,more publi. health i.terventi.ns are sti.l needed to enhance vacci.e acceptabi.i.y i. Ni.eri..

关键词： Acceptance COVi.-19 Determi.ants Hesi.ancy Ni.eri.ns Onli.e survey Vacci.e

ESBL Producti.n and Multi.rug Resi.tance of Salmonella Serovars i.olates i. Benue State

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Ameri.an Journal of Molecular Bi.logy 2020年第3期10卷 200-223页

作者： B. O. Okpa G. M. Gberi.on C. U. Aguoru i. O. Ogbonna Department of Mi.robi.logy Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria

Studi.s on ESBL-produci.g and multi.drug resi.tance of Salmonella serovars di.tri.uted i. Benue State were i.vesti.ated. A total of four hundred and twenty (420) cli.i.al stool samples, seventy (70) from each local government area were randomly collected from selected hospi.als and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. The i.olates were characteri.ed usi.g Gram stai.i.g and bi.chemi.al tests. The result of AP120E bi.chemi.al test stri. whi.h contai.ed dehydrated bacteri.l medi. and bi.chemi.al reagents i. twenty (20) separate compartments. The result was obtai.ed by evaluati.n of the compartments due to observed changes i. after 24 hours where others were read by addi.g up reagents (Ferri. chlori.e, Kovacs V.P reagents). The results were analyzed afterwards i. accordance wi.h the manufacturer’s software and posi.i.e results wi.h ≥89% potenti.l were confi.med as Salmonella spp. Ampli.i.d plasmi.s deri.ed from 18 Salmonella strai.s recogni.ed were made up of 23,130 base pai.s. ESBL (Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases) genes were located on the plasmi.s. Two of the ESBL genes found were TEM genes and CTX-M (415 bp). Strai.s such as S. enteri.a Typhi.uri.m-CP014981.1, S. enteri.a Enteri.i.i.-CP007325.2, S. enteri.a Typhi.uri.m-CP024619.1, S. enteri.a Typhi.uri.m-CP023166.1, S. bongori.FR877557 and S. enteri.a Enteri.i.i.-TY1 possessed TEM genes where as S. enteri.a Hei.elberg-CP019176.1, S. enteri.a Typhi.AL513382.1 and S. enteri.a Typhi.uri.m-MH196335.1 possessed CTX-M. Anti.i.ti. resi.tance testi.g was performed usi.g Ki.by-Bauer di.c di.fusi.n method. The overall percentage suscepti.i.i.y of the ei.ht anti.i.ti.s tested on Salmonella serovars i.olates shows that GEN had the hi.hest % suscepti.i.i.y of 100% followed by Ni. (72.2%) and COT (66.7%) before and after plasmi. curi.g. % suscepti.i.i.y was lower before curi.g than after curi.g i

关键词： ESBL Salmonella Serovars Suscepti.i.i.y

Compari.on of Two Ti.e Seri.s Decomposi.i.n Methods: Least Squares and Buys-Ballot Methods

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Open Journal of Stati.ti.s 2016年第6期6卷 1123-1137页

作者： i. S. i.ueze E. C. Nwogu V. U. Nlebedi. J. C. i.oh Department of Stati.ti.s Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Dept of Maths/Stati.ti.s Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo Nigeria

Thi. paper di.cusses compari.on of two ti.e seri.s decomposi.i.n methods: The Least Squares Esti.ati.n (LSE) and Buys-Ballot Esti.ati.n (BBE) methods. As noted by i.ueze and Nwogu (2014), there exi.ts a research gap for the choi.e of appropri.te model for decomposi.i.n and detecti.n of presence of seasonal effect i. a seri.s model. Esti.ates of trend parameters and seasonal i.di.es are all that are needed to fi.l the research gap. However, these esti.ates are obtai.able through the Least Squares Esti.ati.n (LSE) and Buys-Ballot Esti.ati.n (BBE) methods. Hence, there i. need to compare esti.ates of the two methods and recommend. The compari.on of the two methods i. done usi.g the Accuracy Measures (Mean Error (ME)), Mean Square Error (MSE), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results from si.ulated seri.s show that for the addi.i.e model;the summary stati.ti.s (ME, MSE and MAE) for the two esti.ati.n methods and for all the selected trendi.g curves are equal i. all the si.ulati.ns both i. magni.ude and di.ecti.n. For the multi.li.ati.e model, results show that when a seri.s i. domi.ated by trend, the esti.ates of the parameters by both methods become less preci.e and di.fer more wi.ely from each other. However, i. condi.i.ns for successful transformati.n (usi.g the logari.hmi. transform i. li.eari.i.g the multi.li.ati.e model to addi.i.e model) are met, both of them gi.e si.i.ar results.

关键词： Decomposi.i.n Models Least Squares Esti.ates Buys-Ballot Esti.ates Accuracy Measures Successful Transformati.n Trendi.g Curves

Revi.i.i.g moral pani.s

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Revisiting moral panics