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Intelligent Machine Learning Based Brain Tumor Segmentation through Multi-Layer Hybrid U-Net with CNN Feature Integration

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1301-1317页

作者： Sharaf j.Malebary Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 344Rabigh21911Saudia Arabia

Brain tumors are a pressing public health concern, characterized by their high mortality and morbidity ***, the manual segmentation of brain tumors remains a laborious and error-prone task, necessitatingthe development of more precise and efficient methodologies. To address this formidable challenge, we proposean advanced approach for segmenting brain tumorMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images that harnesses theformidable capabilities of deep learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). While CNN-based methodshave displayed promise in the realm of brain tumor segmentation, the intricate nature of these tumors, markedby irregular shapes, varying sizes, uneven distribution, and limited available data, poses substantial obstacles toachieving accurate semantic segmentation. In our study, we introduce a pioneering Hybrid U-Net framework thatseamlessly integrates the U-Net and CNN architectures to surmount these challenges. Our proposed approachencompasses preprocessing steps that enhance image visualization, a customized layered U-Net model tailoredfor precise segmentation, and the inclusion of dropout layers to mitigate overfitting during the training ***, we leverage the CNN mechanism to exploit contextual information within brain tumorMRI images,resulting in a substantial enhancement in segmentation *** experimental results attest to the exceptionalperformance of our framework, with accuracy rates surpassing 97% across diverse datasets, showcasing therobustness and effectiveness of our approach. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive assessment of ourmethod’s capabilities by evaluating various performance measures, including the sensitivity, jaccard-index, andspecificity. Our proposed model achieved 99% accuracy. The implications of our findings are profound. Theproposed Hybrid U-Net model emerges as a highly promising diagnostic tool, poised to revolutionize brain tumorimage segmentation for radiologists and clinician

关键词： Brain tumor Hybrid U-Net CLAHE transfer learning MRI images

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新闭路循环式面具呼吸测热法的研究

新闭路循环式面具呼吸测热法的研究

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作者：冯仰廉 Mollison G.S. S j.smith. Brockwa j.M. 北京农业大学畜牧系

＜正＞呼吸测热是研究家畜能量代谢,确定家畜的能量需要和评定饲料能量价值的重要方法。常用有呼吸室和呼吸面具法。近几十年来,大家畜的呼吸室发展较快。呼吸室法准确可靠,能长时间持续测定,但设备较复杂,成本很高,至今在国际上只少数...

＜正＞呼吸测热是研究家畜能量代谢,确定家畜的能量需要和评定饲料能量价值的重要方法。常用有呼吸室和呼吸面具法。近几十年来,大家畜的呼吸室发展较快。呼吸室法准确可靠,能长时间持续测定,但设备较复杂,成本很高,至今在国际上只少数研究单位有大家畜呼吸室。常用的非呼吸室法有面具和头套法,由于装置成本低,能携带至现场测定,在国际上仍继续使用、但传统面具法（开路集气袋法）目前应用得不普遍。国内现刚开始用传统面具法进行反刍家畜能量代谢的研究。

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Compressive property and energy absorption characteristic of interconnected porous Mg-Zn-Y alloys with adjusting Y addition

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 171-185页

作者： j.A.Liu S.j.Liu B.Wang W.B.Sun X.j.Liu Z.W.Han College of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials(Ministry of Education)Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022PR China Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education) College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022PR China Weihai Institute for Bionics-jilin University Weihai 264205PR China

In this study,interconnected porous Mg-2Zn-xY alloys with different phase compositions were prepared by various Y additions(x=0.4,3,and 6 wt.%)to adjust the compressive properties and energy absorption *** characterization methods were then applied to identify the microstructure of the porous Mg-Zn-Y and describe the details of the second *** tests were performed at room temperature(RT),200℃,and 300℃to study the impact of the Y addition and testing temperature on the compressive properties of the porous *** experimental results showed that a high Y content promotes a microstructure refinement and increases the volume fraction of the second *** the Y content increases,different Mg-Zn-Y ternary phases appear:I-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(6)Y),W-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(3)Y_(2)),and LPSO phase(Mg_(12)ZnY).When the Y content ranges between 0.4%and 6%,the compressive strength increases from 6.30MPa to 9.23 MPa,and the energy absorption capacity increases from 7.33 Mj/m^(3)to 10.97 Mj/m^(3)at RT,which is mainly attributed to the phase composition and volume fraction of the second ***,the average energy absorption efficiency is independent of the Y *** addition,the compressive deformation behaviors of the porous Mg-Zn-Y are altered by the testing *** compressive strength and energy absorption capacity of the porous Mg-Zn-Y decrease due to the softening effect of the high temperature on the *** deformation behaviors at different temperatures are finally observed to reflect the failure mechanisms of the struts.

关键词： Porous magnesium Rare earth elements Microstructure Compressive behavior Energy absorption characteristic

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金属Pd清洁表面附近位错运动的侧面像观察

金属Pd清洁表面附近位错运动的侧面像观察

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第六次全国电子显微学会议

作者：叶恒强宁小光 D. j. smith 中国科学院金属研究所固体原子象实验室美国亚利桑那州立大学固态科学中心

固体侧表原子成像技术在表面科学领域中取得了许多有意义的成果。近来的研究表明此种技术在研究表面结构与基体内部缺陷之间关系方面将有较大的潜力.本文所要报道的是对金属Pd清洁表面附近“锁位错”及扩展位错运动原位观察及分析的结...

固体侧表原子成像技术在表面科学领域中取得了许多有意义的成果。近来的研究表明此种技术在研究表面结构与基体内部缺陷之间关系方面将有较大的潜力.本文所要报道的是对金属Pd清洁表面附近“锁位错”及扩展位错运动原位观察及分析的结果。样品是将纯金属Pd在10托的超高真空喷镀仪上蒸发成半连续膜,在点分辩率为1.6埃的jEOL—400EX电镜(亚利桑那州立大学固态科学中心)进行侧表面像观察。本文图中Pd取向(110) 图1表时在(110)表面附近存在—柏氏矢量为[110]12,线方向为[110]的“锁位错”。由图Ⅰa-c可以看出,此位错沿垂直于(110)表面方向向表面运动,其滑移面为(001)。由于此位错的

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Phonon imaging in 3D with a fibre probe

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第6期10卷 1007-1019页

作者： Salvatore La Cavera III Fernando Perez-Cota Richard jsmith Matt Clark Optics and Photonics Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK

We show for the first time that a single ultrasonic imaging fibre is capable of simultaneously accessing 3D spatial information and mechanical properties from microscopic *** novel measurement system consists of two ultrafast lasers that excite and detect high-frequency ultrasound from a nano-transducer that was fabricated onto the tip of a single-mode optical fibre.A signal processing technique was also developed to extract nanometric in-depth spatial measurements from GHz frequency acoustic waves,while still allowing Brillouin spectroscopy in the frequency ***-free and non-contact imaging performance was demonstrated on various polymer *** singular device is equipped with optical lateral resolution,2.5μm,and a depth-profiling precision of 45 nm provided by *** endoscopic potential for this device is exhibited by extrapolating the single fibre to tens of thousands of fibres in an imaging *** a device catalyses future phonon endomicroscopy technology that brings the prospect of label-free in vivo histology within reach.

关键词： fibre equipped acoustics

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大视野成像血细胞计数对微量体液的快速与智能诊断

大视野成像血细胞计数对微量体液的快速与智能诊断

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中国化学会第30届学术年会

作者：高婷娟 Zachary j smith james Hood Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu UC Davis Health System 华中师范大学

便携式血细胞计数是床旁诊断（POCT）中一个急待突破的领域。参照智能、廉价、微创等终极目标,流式细胞术和库尔特原理对开发便携式血细胞计数显示了其技术局限性。鉴于此种现状,我们开发了一套"血细胞大视场显微成像计数"光学系统,运... 详细信息

便携式血细胞计数是床旁诊断（POCT）中一个急待突破的领域。参照智能、廉价、微创等终极目标,流式细胞术和库尔特原理对开发便携式血细胞计数显示了其技术局限性。鉴于此种现状,我们开发了一套"血细胞大视场显微成像计数"光学系统,运用单个荧光标记对血样染色,同时记录明场与荧光成像,并采用计算机程序对成像进行分析。这套仪器与方法可以准确的计数红细胞、血小板、白细胞及其三分类和血红蛋白。整个诊断过程只需15分钟和少至0.5微升的临床样品。初步临床试验对人体四种体液的诊断取得成功,这套方法还被拓展到其他哺乳动物包括马、牛、猫、狗的血液诊断中,均获得了良好效果。我们期待这套仪器与方法转化并过渡到临床应用研究,为开发便携式血液诊断提供有效的思路和技术支持。

关键词：床旁诊断血细胞计数便携式显微成像成像分析

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The quasi-Gramian solution of a non-commutative extension of the higher-order nonlinear Schr?dinger equation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 51-61页

作者： H W A Riaz j Lin Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

The nonlinear Schr?dinger(NLS)equation,which incorporates higher-order dispersive terms,is widely employed in the theoretical analysis of various physical *** this study,we explore the non-commutative extension of the higher-order NLS *** treat real or complex-valued functions,such as g_(1)=g_(1)(x,t)and g_(2)=g_(2)(x,t)as non-commutative,and employ the Lax pair associated with the evolution equation,as in the commutation *** derive the quasi-Gramian solution of the system by employing a binary Darboux *** soliton solutions are presented explicitly within the framework of *** visually understand the dynamics and solutions in the given example,we also provide simulations illustrating the associated ***,the solution can be used to study the stability of plane waves and to understand the generation of periodic patterns within the context of modulational instability.

关键词： integrable systems Darboux transformation solitons

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模拟感染家蚕微粒子病的PCR分子诊断技术研究

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中国农业科学 2004年第12期37卷 1925-1931页

作者：刘吉平曹阳 smith j.E. 徐兴耀 Leeds大学生物学院华南农业大学蚕学分子生物学与生物技术实验室华南农业大学蚕学分子生物学与生物技术实验室广州510642 英国利兹市LS29jT

家蚕微粒子病病原为桑蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis Nageli, N.b)。本文根据文献报道,选用了一对根据N.b孢子及其相近种属微孢子虫的SSU-rRNA保守区段设计的有效引物VIF/530R,从模拟感染不同浓度N.b孢子(3×101-7/ml)的蚕蛾、蚕卵的角度... 详细信息

家蚕微粒子病病原为桑蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis Nageli, N.b)。本文根据文献报道,选用了一对根据N.b孢子及其相近种属微孢子虫的SSU-rRNA保守区段设计的有效引物VIF/530R,从模拟感染不同浓度N.b孢子(3×101-7/ml)的蚕蛾、蚕卵的角度,较系统地研究了PCR诊断技术的可检测灵敏度和对模拟感染家蚕微粒子病的诊断效果,为PCR分子诊断家蚕微粒子病的实用化研究提供参考。在本实验的DNA制备方法和PCR反应条件下,分别对由不同浓度N.b纯孢子抽提的DNA模板和不同浓度N.b纯孢子(3×101～7ml-1)分别与蚕卵、蚕蛾混合抽提的DNA模板进行PCR扩增检测。结果表明:(1)对N.b纯孢子DNA模板,PCR可检测灵敏度为3×***-1(弱检测信号可到3102～***-1),对模拟染毒N.b孢子的蚕蛾DNA模板,PCR可检测灵敏度为3×***-1,两者分别已超过或达到目前生产上用显微镜的检毒水平;(2)对模拟染毒N.b孢子的蚕卵DNA模板,VIF/530R引物不能有效地检出蚕卵中染毒的N.b孢子DNA信号,推测在蚕卵DNA抽提物里可能含有抑制PCR扩增的未明因素,而蚕蛾DNA抽提物里则无此抑制因素。

关键词：家蚕微粒子病桑蚕微孢子虫 PCR诊断

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Combatting anthrax outbreaks across Nigeria's national land borders: need to optimize surveillance with epidemiological surveys

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 100-100页

作者： Hammed O.Mogaji Babatunde Adewale Stella I.smith Ehimario U.Igumbor Chidumebi j.Idemili Andrew W.Taylor-Robinson Yale School of Public Health Yale University New Haven USA Parasitology and Epidemiology Unit Federal University Oye-Ekiti Oye-Ekiti Nigeria Department of Public Health and Epidemiology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Infectious Disease Research Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Public Health Walter Sisulu University Mthatha South Africa Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto Canada College of Health Sciences Vin University Hanoi Vietnam Center for Global Health Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA

Background Anthrax is a non-contagious zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-positive,spore-forming bac-terium Bacillus *** is common in livestock and wild animals such as cattle,goats,sheep,camels,and *** humans,anthrax may occur after contact with contaminated carcasses or animal products like milk and *** best method to prevent anthrax in people is to ensure livestock are vaccinated,which significantly limits the risk of zoonotic spread to ***,the rate of vaccination of domesticated animals kept by nomadic pastoralists in West Africa is *** groups regularly cross over national boundaries with their grazing *** is a country that historically has done comparatively well to contain this public health ***,in 2023 several outbreaks of human disease appear linked to the consumption of anthrax-contaminated animal products brought into Nigeria by pastoralists from neighboring *** manifestations include skin sores or ulcers,nausea,vomiting,and *** article aims to raise awareness of recent outbreaks of anthrax in West Africa and to callfor a renewed focus on measures to combat this neglected public health concern to the *** body The imperative to pinpoint pivotal issues relating to the ongoing emergence of anthrax cases in Nigeria cannot be *** delving into the prevalence of anthrax in both livestock and human populations residing along Nigeria's borders,unraveling the genetic diversity and potential sources of *** strains,and identify-ing the primary animal host(s)responsible for transmission,we stand to enhance our understanding of this critical ***,investigating the multifaceted factors contributing to anthrax transmission,assessing community knowledge and practices,mapping common migratory routes of pastoralists,and formulating targeted interven-tion strategies tailored to the challenges of border communities,are each crucial steps towards eff

关键词： border Combat doubt

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Reply to the note by Li Piani et al.

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 603-606页

作者： T.Li Piani j.Weerheijm L.j.Sluys TU Delft Stevinweg 12628 CNDelftthe Netherlands TNO PO Box 452280 AARijswijkthe Netherlands NLDA Faculty of Military Sciences1781 CADen Helderthe Netherlands

In 2017,a ballistic phenomenological model was proposed by the authors of Ref.[1] to numerically simulate the experimental depths of small caliber projectiles impacting walls made of *** opportunity for a new model in the field revealed from the observation that two older models recently used by the authors of Ref.[2] shared a linear relationship between the penetration depth P and the impacting velocity v_(O).

关键词： Penetration Adobe Modeling

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