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Oviposition Site Preference and Its Effects on Subsequent Development of Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) under Laboratory Conditions

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第3期12卷 143-154页

作者： Saffea Joseph Torto Abu James Sundufu Alusaine Edward Samura Sahr Ngoba Fomba Dennis Peter Musa skeku alfred kanu Prince Emmanuel Norman Department of Crop Protection School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala Sierra Leone Department of Horticulture School of Natural Resources Management Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Crop Science School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Germplasm Enhancement and Seeds Systems Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute Freetown Sierra Leone

Female grasshoppers can affect the fitness of their offspring through their selection of oviposition site. Knowledge of soil type on oviposition, and its effects on subsequent development can provide guidelines for habitat manipulations that reduce the harmful effects of these pests on farmers fields. The influence of soil types on the oviposition site preference of variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) reared some cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties, was investigated in a cage trial carried out at the Bio factory laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Njala University, Sierra Leone during 2022/2023. The treatments comprised three soil types (Sandy, Loamy and Clay), each with three replications laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in wooden cages. Data were collected on the following development parameters including, Net reproductive growth ratio (R0), Generation time (Tc), Intrinsic rate of increase (rm), Finite rate of increase (), Doubling time (Dt), and overall survivorship. Findings revealed that, Z. variegatus L. preferred sandy soil in which, on average, most eggs were deposited (338, 6.62 4.40), followed by loamy soil, 286 (5.53 3.96), and then, clayey soil, 200 (3.91 3.85);though, the differences were not significant. This study established that Z. variegatus deposited more eggs in sandy soil > loamy soil > clayey soil, respectively;and subsequent survivorship of the immature unto mature adult insect, revealed a similar order. This indicates that the sandy soil is the most preferred substrate for oviposition and subsequent development into adult insects.

关键词： Development Oviposition Oviposition Site Preference Soil Types Variegated Grasshopper

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Grasshopper Incidence and Severity of Damage as Influenced by Cyanogenic Potential in Leaf Tissue of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

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Advances in Molecular Imaging 2024年第3期13卷 23-38页

作者： Saffea Joseph Torto Prince Emmanuel Norman Alusaine Edward Samura Sahr Ngoba Fomba Dennis Peter Musa Johnny Ernest Norman skeku alfred kanu Department of Crop Protection School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI) Freetown Sierra Leone Department of Horticulture School of Natural Resources Management Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Crop Science School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone

This study assessed the effect of cyanogenic potential (CNP) in leaf tissue on grasshopper incidence and severity of damage in cassava for the identiﬁcation of parents with desired complementary traits for crossing. The experiment was conducted at the Foya Wulleh, Njala experimental site in Sierra Leone during 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons in a randomized complete block design with three replications. A total of 30 genotypes comprising 26 breeding lines, two improved and two local genotypes were assessed. Results showed a signiﬁcant (p < 0.05) linear relationship between leaf CNP and grasshopper infestation (incidence and severity of damage) among cassava genotypes. Findings showed that the higher leaf CNP, the lower the grasshopper infestation in cassava genotypes. About two genotypes (Cooksoon and Cocoa) had low leaf CNP;three genotypes (TR0020, TR0037 and TR0013) CNP had moderately low leaf CNP;eight genotypes (SLICASS 6, TR0029, TR0032, TR0011, TR0012, TR0016-1/17, TR0002 and TR0010) had intermediate leaf CNP;seven (TR0009, TR0015-1/17, TR0036, TR0022-1/17, SLICASS 4, TR0007 and TR0026-1/17) had moderately high leaf CNP;eight (TR0008, TR0019-1/17, TR0006, TR0005, TR0021, TR0021-1/17, TR0022 and TR0024-1/17) had high leaf CNP;and two genotypes (TR0001 and TR0018-1/17) had very high leaf CNP. This suggests the indirect dependence of leaf cyanogenic potential on grasshopper infestation (incidence and severity of damage) in cassava that could be exploited for the genetic improvement of cassava for improved resistance to grasshopper infestation, nutrition and utilization of the crop.

关键词： Cassava Cyanogenic Potential Grasshopper Infestation Regression Correlation Analysis

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Oviposition Site Preference and Its Effects on Subsequent Development of Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) under Laboratory Conditions

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Advances in Entomology（昆虫学） 2024年第3期 143页

作者： Saffea Joseph Torto Abu James Sundufu Alusaine Edward Samura Sahr Ngoba Fomba Dennis Peter Musa skeku alfred kanu Prince Emmanuel Norman4

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Genetic and Agronomic Parameter Estimates of Growth, Yield and Related Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 274-291页

作者： Prince Emmanuel Norman Lansana Kamara Aloysius Beah Kelvin Sahr Gborie Francess Sia Saquee Sheku alfred kanu Fayia Augustine Kassoh Yvonne Sylvia Gloria Ethel Norman Abdul Salaam Kargbo Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI) Freetown Sierra Leone School of Agriculture Njala University Njala Campus Njala Sierra Leone School of Natural Resources Management Njala University Njala Campus Njala Sierra Leone Department of Agro Biotechnology Institute of Agriculture RUDN University Moscow Russia Faculty of Development Agriculture & Natural Resources Management Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Kenema Sierra Leone

This study evaluated the genetic and agronomic parameter estimates of maize under different nitrogen rates. The trial was established at the Njala Agricultural Research Centre experimental site during 2021 and 2022 in a split block design with three maize varieties (IWCD2, 2009EVDT, and DMR-ESR-Yellow) and seven nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg∙N∙ha−1) rates. Findings showed that cob diameter and anthesis silking time (ASI) had intermediate heritability, ASI had high genetic advance, ASI and grain yield had high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), while traits with high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were plant height, ASI, grain yield, number of kernel per cob, number of kernel rows, ear length, and ear height. The PCV values were higher than GCV, indicating the influence of the environment in the studied traits. Nitrogen rates and variety significantly (p −1 plots exhibiting the lowest and highest grain yields of 1238 kg∙ha−1 and 2098 kg∙ha−1, respectively. Variety and nitrogen effects on partial factor productivity (PFPN), agronomic efficiency (AEN), net returns (NR), value cost ratio (VCR) and marginal return (MR) indicated that these parameters were significantly affected (p N (41.3 kg grain kg−1∙N) and AEN (29.4 kg grain kg−1∙N) were obtained in the 30 kg∙N∙ha−1 plots, while the highest VCR (2.8) and MR (SLL 1.8 SLL−1 spent on N) were obtained in the 180 kg∙N∙ha−1. The significant influence of variety and nitrogen on traits suggests that increasing yields and maximizing profits require use of appropriate nitrogen fe

关键词： Nitrogen Rates Genetic and Agronomic Estimates Introduced Genotypes Grain Yield Zea mays

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Effect of Land Uses on Soil Erodibility in the Njala Area of Southern Sierra Leone

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第10期12卷 475-489页

作者： Denis Magnus Ken Amara Ibrahim Benya Sheku alfred kanu Daniel Hindogbe Saidu Raymond Morie Musa Osman Sidie Vonu Fayia Brima Joseph Christian Adamu Mboma Michael Jusu Foday Turay Abdulai Kamara Department of Soil Science School of Agriculture & Food Sciences Njala University Njala Campus Njala Sierra Leone Department of Soil Science Faculty of Development Agriculture & Natural Resources Management Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Private Mail Bag Kenema Sierra Leone Project Management Office Mamour Agricultural Foundation Freetown Sierra Leone Department of Crop Science School of Agriculture & Food Sciences Njala University Njala Campus Sierra Leone Department of Agriculture Food Security & Livelihood Sustainable Cassava Commercialization through Entrepreneurs Strengthening & Support (SUCCESS) Project Bangladeshi Rural Agro Committee (BRAC) Bo Sierra Leone Department of Agricultural Education Faculty of Education Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Kenema Sierra Leone Department of Social Studies Faculty of Education Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Kenema Sierra Leone Department of Agriculture & Forestry Faculty of Development Agriculture & Natural Resources Management Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Kenema Sierra Leone Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Development Agriculture & Natural Resources Management Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Kenema Sierra Leone

Soil loss through erosion continues to pose serious challenges to increasing the smallholder agricultural productivity in Sierra Leone. While emphasis on sustainable land use practices continue to gain attention among land users, however, the rate of adoption among smallholder farmers is still very low and hence, in most part of the country soil fertility has been declining at alarming rates. In the Njala area, studies have shown that soil loss ranges from moderate to high. Though soil erosion has been identified as a major soil fertility declining factor, however, the effect of land use practices on the inherent resistance of soil materials to erosion is lacking. This study was therefore conducted to assess the effect of land uses on soil erodibility. The results showed that the soils are coarse sandy loam with high sand content. The dispersion ratios and erosion indices of soils under cassava, plantain, maize and guava were above the minimum thresholds of 15.0 and 10.0 respectively, thus indicating that these soils are highly erodible compared to soils under fallow and sweet potato which have dispersion ratios and erosion indices below the minimum thresholds. Clay content was inversely proportional to and significantly correlated with dispersion ratio and erosion index while the correlations between silt + clay, dispersion ration and erosion index, and silt, silt + clay and dispersion ratio were negative and non-significant. Considering the coarse nature of soils, landscape features and high erodibility indices, these soils would need special soil and water conservation practices to counter further degradation. These may include following, agroforestry, silvi-pasture, controlled and rotational grazing. In addition, awareness of sense of self-responsibility and forest policies and regulations are needed.

关键词： Soil Erosion Land Use Agriculture Smallholders Soil Texture Erodibility Soil Fertility Deforestation

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Genetic and Agronomic Parameter Estimates of Growth, Yield and Related Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization

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American Journal of Plant Sciences（美国植物学期刊） 2024年第4期 274页

作者： Prince Emmanuel Norman Lansana Kamara Aloysius Beah Kelvin Sahr Gborie Francess Sia Saquee Sheku alfred kanu Fayia Augustine Kassoh Yvonne Sylvia Gloria Ethel Norman Abdul Salaam Kargbo

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Effect of Land Uses on Soil Erodibility in the Njala Area of Southern Sierra Leone

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第10期

作者： denis magnus ken amara ibrahim benya sheku alfred kanu daniel hindogbe saidu raymond morie musa osman sidie vonu fayia brima joseph christian adamu mboma michael jusu foday turay abdulai kamara

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