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The Turkish Economy in the Period between 1990 and 2000 in the Light of the Open Economy Policies of the 1980s Developments

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Economics World 2024年第3期11卷 122-135页

作者： sitki selim dolanay Istanbul Topkapi University IstanbulTürkiye

The structure of the economy seems to have been reshaped for the post-1980 period with the decisions of January 24,1980 and the structural changes that *** the 1980s,which can be called the transition process to a Free-Market Economy and an open economy,on the one hand,the privatization of state institutions and the determination of the prices of goods and services in free market conditions were tried to be ensured in order to withdraw the state from economic life,on the other hand,it was tried to grant freedom to foreign trade and capital *** these two main issues were being realized,the import substitution industrialization strategy was abandoned and the export-led growth model was started to be *** last step of this process of opening up and liberalization was realized with the decision numbered 32 in *** the change in the economic structure was achieved through domestic borrowing in the 1980s,with the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,it was seen that economic growth and development were tried to be achieved with hot money inflows rather than foreign direct *** orientation made the economy more open to crises,and for the first time there was a crisis in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot *** 1994 economic crisis could only be overcome by giving government guarantees to bank deposits and issuing high-interest Treasury *** the new banking regulations could not prevent the emergence of similar new economic crises in the following ***,we can say that the economic crisis experienced in the 2000s brought about a political transformation along with creating great economic problems.

关键词： Turkish economy free market economy import export investments economic growth inflation

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Path Dependent Historical Development at Turkish Automotive Industry

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Journal of Sociology Study 2022年第4期12卷 160-177页

作者： Sıtkıselim dolanay Istanbul Ayvansaray(Topkapı)University IstanbulTurkey

Turkey’s automotive industry has begun to occur at a much earlier date compared to other developing countries,through licensing agreements to establish automotive industrial facilities,by importing a kind of *** have been made in order to produce the domestic automobile road providing sectoral developments could enter another technology ***,the inventor of a very early date in the Fordist production system,such as 1929 by Ford Motor Company with the license agreement,as if he could provide for setting up production facilities in Istanbul’s company,this bad experience has refrained for years from entering as a manufacturer Ford Motor Turkey ***,while Turkey is an attractive market for car production,on the other hand,sufficient improvement over time in the production of trucks and other automotive products,such as buses has not been *** 1929 experience seems to have been effective in terms of ***,it was necessary to wait until 1971 for OYAK and TOFAŞto establish automobile assembly facility with license *** the start of production of two automotive industry facilities,there has been a significant increase in sectoral production figures,but this increase trend has not been sufficiently supported by the government through the incentive system and in the late 1970s the production of the automotive industry has *** the first time in 1961,efforts were made to produce a completely domestic automobile,although the prototype of the revolutionary car was successfully produced,mass production could not be ***,the production of the Anadol automobile for the second time was tried by means of technology transfer from multiple sources and the serial production of this automobile continued for a ***,since fiber glass bodywork was used instead of hair bodywork and export opportunities could not be found,production was stopped completely in the end of *** the 1980s,automobile

关键词： automotive industry import of technology technology transfer domestic automobile automotive industry production path dependency education system

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Artificial Intelligence,Smart Robots and a New Economic Order

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Management Studies 2022年第6期10卷 384-399页

作者： Sıtkıselim dolanay Istanbul TopkapıUniversity IstanbulTurkey

In the process of transition from agricultural society to industrial society,which started with the Industrial Revolution in England,the mechanization process experienced five different stages and in the last stage,with the development of computers,automation in production was *** developments in a certain region or country of the world spread to other parts of the world with technological spread,technological revolutions also spread and paradigm changes *** the development of information processing technologies,productivity has started to increase with the use of automation and robot technology in *** process,which continued until the 2010s,is thought to lead to the formation of smart factories that can produce under the dominance of robots,after the new point reached in artificial intelligence and robot technology,and this development will further increase productivity in *** robots working in the internet of things system will be able to work with greater power and longer periods than humans,and smart factories that are almost never shut down will *** the transformation in this process,which is also called robonomics,changes in the theory of economy may occur and a new economic order may *** question of why behind-the-scenes countries,such as Turkey,could not catch up with the leading ones,is another matter of ***,in such periods of technological paradigm change,an opportunity arises for lagging countries for their economic *** the other hand,we can say that Turkey will either be able to catch up with the technological level of developed countries by taking advantage of the opportunity,by means of a step-by-step technological development,or it will continue to stay among the countries that lag behind by missing the opportunity.

关键词： technological development incremental technological development radical technological development smart robots robonomics smart factories technological unemployment universal basic income

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A Historical Approach on the Opportunity to Acquire Technology Development Capability in Turkish Automobile Industry

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Management Studies 2023年第4期11卷 221-226页

作者： Sıtkıselim dolanay Istanbul Topkapi University İstanbulTurkey

Turkey has given importance to the development of the automobile industry since the Ottoman *** the Ottomans,who were aware of the development process of the automobile industry in the world,provided transportation by horse-drawn carriage,they thought of importing automobiles for the Sultan and high-level bureaucrats in an effort to switch to automobile ***,after the proclamation of the Republic,automobile production started,just like *** a factory was established for the production of a domestic aircraft,the first automobile production facility was established in Istanbul in 1929 by the American Ford *** factory was closed after a short time due to the world economic *** the activities of the Kayseri Aircraft Factory,which lasted until 1948,came to an end,this time,Revolution car prototypes could be manufactured completely domestically in *** the project,which did not go into mass production,the KoçGroup started to produce the domestically-made Anadol car with technology transfer from multiple sources in 1967,but the production of Anadol continued until *** 1971,Renault cars started to be produced under the French Renault license,and TOFAŞcars under the Italian FIAT *** the end of the 1970s,creative imitation applications were made in TOFAŞcars with the bird *** the 1990s,the production of Japanese Honda and Toyota and South Korean Hyundai cars *** 2011,the idea of producing a domestic automobile emerged,the Devrim automobile was taken as an example in this project,the first Togg prototype was manufactured with technology transfer from multiple sources in December 2018,and it was announced that mass production would begin in March *** 12-year period from 2011 to 2023 is too long for the creation of a domestic *** has been understood that this long process has been passed in order to regain the pre-1980 level of technological ***,the most importan

关键词： automobile industry technology transfer technological ability acquisition of technology development ability technological development domestic automobile

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Historical Development in Mexico and Turkish Automotive Industries

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Management Studies 2022年第1期10卷 68-80页

作者： Sıtkıselim dolanay Istanbul Ayvansaray University İstanbulTurkey

It is possible to say that each of the Mexican and Turkish automotive industries is developed as an assembly industry and shows great similarities to each other within this ***,due to its geographical proximity,the role of US-based automotive companies in the formation of the Mexican automotive industry has become greater,while the Ford Motor company,which entered the US automotive industry in Turkey,was able to take part only with the initiatives of the Otosan company in the *** feature of the 1960s is that there were efforts to manufacture domestic cars in *** the 1980s,in line with the direction of development of the world automotive industry,Turkey has been trying to make the country’s investment environment attractive for foreign international companies to produce in their *** Mexico,even with the possibility of reaching new markets by providing 1990 regional agreements NAFTA ruling party of the Mexican automotive industry,we can say that *** were largely determined by the direction of development,Turkey’s automotive industry development direction of the company is determined by the first European,then we can say that companies are becoming more efficient in the Far East *** the other hand,the US Ford Motor company considered it sufficient to be involved in the Turkey *** has decided to return from the policy of attracting foreign investments to its country since 2006,and in 2011 it was decided to produce domestic *** of December 2019,a prototype of a domestic car has been produced by the Automobile Enterprise Group of Turkey and work has begun on mass ***,the problem of adaptation to the production of electric vehicles was decided to be overcome by moving to a new stage on the way to technology *** approach was used by the South Korean automotive industry in the 1980s and was successful,and the ability to develop technology was acquired in a short *** order to

关键词： automotive industry backward industries gaining the ability to develop technology footpath connectivity domestic automobile

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Historical Development in Brazil and Turkish Automotive Industry and Innovation Policies

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Journal of Sociology Study 2021年第5期11卷 220-233页

作者： Sıtkıselim dolanay Administrative and Social Sciences Department of Economicsİstanbul Ayvansaray UniversityİstanbulTurkey

It is possible to say that the automotive industries of Brazil and Turkey have developed as assembly industries and show great similarities in this *** the 1980s,in line with the development direction of the world’s automotive industry,Turkey tried to make the country’s investment environment attractive for foreign international companies to produce in the *** can say that while Brazil created the state incentive system in order to attract foreign investments to its country since the 1950s,it tried to increase its dose with the ***,like Turkey,Brazil has thought of producing local cars,the difference between Turkey and Brazil is that it has considered exporting and was able to export not only to South America,but also to African *** difference of Brazil is that it has implemented incentive policies for the automotive sector and has been able to rearrange its incentive elements according to changing ***,on the other hand,has decided to return from the policy of attracting foreign investments to its country since 2006,and in 2011,it decided to produce domestic *** of December 2019,a prototype of the domestic car was produced by Turkey’s Automobile Initiative Group and work for mass production ***,the problem of adaptation to electric vehicle production was tried to be overcome by moving to a new phase in the way of technology *** approach was used by the South Korean automotive industry in the 1980s and it was successful and technology development capability was gained in a short *** order to see the success of the application of this method in Turkey,it is thought that it is necessary to wait for the result of the domestic automobile ***,on the other hand,was able to rank high in world automotive industry production with its sectoral incentive policies that can adapt to changing conditions and its structure that considers exports from the past,while Turkey lagged behind

关键词： automotive industry lagging industries gaining technology development capability path dependency domestic automobile

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Historical Development in Brazil and Turkish Automotive Industry

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Economics World 2021年第3期9卷 126-135页

作者： Sıtkı selim dolanay Istanbul Ayvansaray University IstanbulTurkey

It is possible to say that the automotive industries of Brazil and Turkey have developed as assembly industries and showed great similarities in this *** the 1980s,in line with the development direction of the world’s automotive industry,Turkey tried to make the country’s investment environment attractive for foreign international companies to produce in their *** can say that while Brazil created the state incentive system in order to attract foreign investments to its country since the 1950s,it tried to increase its dose with the ***,like Turkey,Brazil has thought of producing local cars,the difference between Turkey and Brazil is that it has considered exporting and was able to export not only to South America,but also to African *** difference of Brazil is that it has implemented incentive policies for the automotive sector and has been able to rearrange its incentive elements according to changing ***,on the other hand,has decided to return from the policy of attracting foreign investments to its country since 2006,and in 2011,it was decided to produce domestic *** of December 2019,a prototype of the domestic car was produced by Turkey’s Automobile Initiative Group and work for mass production ***,the problem of adaptation to electric vehicle production was tried to be overcome by moving to a new phase in the way of technology *** approach was used by the South Korean automotive industry in the 1980s and it was successful and technology development capability was gained in a short *** order to see the success of the application of this method in Turkey,it is thought that it is necessary to wait for the result of the domestic automobile ***,on the other hand,was able to rank high in world automotive industry production with its sectoral incentive policies that can adapt to changing conditions and its structure that considers exports from the past,while Turkey lagge

关键词： automotive industry lagging industries gaining technology development capability path dependency domestic automobile

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Historical Development in the Automotive Industries of Argentina and Turkey

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Journal of Sociology Study 2021年第2期11卷 66-86页

作者： Sıtkıselim dolanay İstanbul Ayvansaray University İstanbulTurkey

It is possible to say that the automotive industries of Argentina,Brazil,and Turkey are each developed as an assembly industry and show great similarities to each other in this *** the 1980s,the development direction of the world automotive industry has been trying to make the country’s investment environment attractive for foreign international companies to produce in their countries in all three ***,with the 1980s,their adaptation to the flexible production system and other new technologies being implemented in the Japanese automotive industry took time,meaning that the learning time took a long time,and local contribution rates *** has made the slow development mechanism that has been going on since the past work even slower,and they have suffered the punishment for not being able to develop technologies in all three countries by falling behind in the automotive *** the 2000s,with technological advances in electric vehicles,when the use of electric vehicles began to become widespread,we can say that all three countries began to experience a new adaptation problem in the automotive industry more *** Turkey,this problem was experienced with all its weight along with the other country;in 2006,the policy of attracting foreign investment to the automotive industry was partially abandoned and the approach to producing domestic cars began to be considered,and in 2011,a decision was made to produce domestic *** of December 2019,a prototype of the domestic car has been produced by the automobile initiative group of Turkey and work has started for mass ***,the problem of adaptation to the production of electric vehicles was desired to be overcome by moving to a new stage in the path of technology *** South Korean automotive industry used this approach in the 1980s and was successful and soon gained the ability to develop *** order to see the success of the application of this method in Turk

关键词： automotive industry lagging industries acquisition of technology development ability path dependency domestic automobile

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