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Evolutionary relationship of 5′-untranslated regions among Thai dengue-3 viruses,Bangkok isolates,during 24 year-evolution

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第3期8卷 176-184页

作者： Watcharee Attatippaholkun Panyupa Pankhong Ananda Nisalak siripen kalayanarooj Department of Clinical Chemistry Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Department of Virology US Army Medical ComponentArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health

Objective:To study evolutionary relationship of the 5'untranslated regions(5'UTRs) in low passage dengue3 viruses(DEN3) isolated from hospitalized children with different clinical manifestations in Bangkok during 24 year-evolution(1977-2000) comparing to the DEN3prototype(H87).Methods:The 5'UTRs of these Thai DEN3 and the H87 prototype were amplified by RT-PCR and *** multiple sequence alignments were done by Codon Code Aligner v 4.0.4 software and their RNA secondary structures were predicted by MFOLD *** of five Thai DEN3 candidates comparing to the 1187 prototype were done in human(HepG2) and the mosquito(C6/36) cell ***:Among these Thai DEN3,the completely identical sequences of their first 89 nucleotides,their high-order secondary structure of 5'UTRs and three SNPs including the predominant C90 T,and two minor SNPs including A109 G and A112 G were *** C90 T of Thai *** isolates was shown predominantly before *** Thai DEN3 candidates with the predominant C90 T were shown to replicate in human(HepG2) and the mosquito(C6/36) cell lines better than the H87 ***,their highly conserved sequences as well as SNPs of the 5'UTR did not appear to correlate with their disease severity in ***:Our findings highlighted evolutionary relationship of the completely identical 89 nucleotide sequence,the high-order secondary structure and the predominant C90 T of the 5'UTR of these Thai DEN3 during 24 year-evolution further suggesting to be their genetic markers and magic targets for future research on antiviral therapy as well as vaccine approaches of Thai DEN3.

关键词： Thai dengue-3 viruses Evolutionary relationship 5’untranslated regions 24 Year-evolution

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Choice of providers for treating a neglected tropical disease:an empirical analysis of kala azar in Nepal

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第3期4卷 234-240页

作者： Shiva Raj Adhikari siripen Supakankunti M Mahmud Khan Patan Multiple Campus Tribhuvan UniversityNepal Faculty of Economics Chulalongkorn UniversityThailand Tulane University New OrleansUSA

Objective:To examine the choice of healthcare providers for treating kala azar(KA) in Nepal. Methods:Information was collected from clinically diagnosed KA patients seeking care from public hospitals located in KA endemic *** survey collected information from more than 25 percent of total KA cases in the *** empirical estimation of probability of choosing a provider-type as a first contact healthcare provider,a multinomial logit model was defined with five alternative options with self care as the reference ***:The empirical model found that price of medical care services,income of households,knowledge of patients on KA and KA treatment,borrowing money,age of patient,perceived quality of provider types,*** the likelihood of seeking care from the alternative options considered in the *** variables have expected signs and are *** with earlier *** price and income elasticity were found to be very high indicating that poorer households are very sensitive to price and income changes,even for a severe disease like *** the empirical models, we have analyzed two policy instruments:demand side financing and interventions to improve the knowledge index about ***:Due to high price elasticity of KA care and high spillover effects of KA on the society,policy makers may consider demand side financing as an instrument to encourage utilization of public hospitals.

关键词： Neglected tropical disease Kala azar Nepal

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Decision-making process of Kala Azar care: results from a qualitative study carried out in disease endemic areas of Nepal

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 105-111页

作者： Shiva Raj Adhikari siripen Supakankunti M Mahmud Khan Department of Economics Patan Multiple CampusTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Faculty of Economics Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Department of Health Services Policy and Management University of South CarolinaCarolinaUSA

Background:Analysis of consumer decision making in the health sector is a complex process of comparing feasible alternatives and evaluating the levels of satisfaction associated with the relevant *** paper makes an attempt to understand how and why consumers make specific decisions,what motivates them to adopt a specific health intervention,and what features they find attractive in each of the ***:The study used a descriptive-explanatory design to analyze the factors determining the choices of healthcare *** was collected through focus group discussions and in-depth ***:The results suggest that the decision making related to seeking healthcare for Kala Azar(KA)treatment is a complex,interactive *** and family members follow a well-defined road map for decision *** process of decision making starts from the recognition of healthcare needs and is then modified by a number of other factors,such as indigenous knowledge,healthcare alternatives,and available *** and individual characteristics also play important roles in facilitating the process of decision *** results from the group discussions and in-depth interviews are consistent with the idea that KA patients and family members follow the rational approach of weighing the costs against the benefits of using specific types of medical ***:The process of decision making related to seeking healthcare follows a complex set of steps and many of the potential factors affect the decision making in a non-linear *** analysis suggests that it is possible to derive a generalized road map of the decision-making process starting from the recognition of healthcare needs,and then modifying it to show the influences of indigenous knowledge,healthcare alternatives,and available resources.

关键词： Kala Azar Decision-making process Utilization Nepal

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