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Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Sulfuric Acid and Microwave Irradiation Processes

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第1期3卷 107-113页

作者： Prafulla D Patil veera Gnaneswar Gude Harvind K. Reddy Tapaswy Muppaneni Shuguang Deng 不详

A comparative study of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using sulfuric acid (Two-step) and microwave-assisted transesterification (One-step) was carried out. A two-step transesterification process was used to produce biodiesel (alkyl ester) from high free fatty acid (FFA) waste cooking oil. Microwave-assisted catalytic transesterification using BaO and KOH was evaluated for the efficacy of microwave irradiation in biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. On the basis of energy consumptions for waste cooking oil (WCO) transesterification by both conventional heating and microwave-heating methods evaluated in this study, it was estimated that the microwave-heating method consumes less than 10% of the energy to achieve the same yield as the conventional heating method for given experimental conditions. The thermal stability of waste cooking oil and biodiesel was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The analysis of different oil properties, fuel properties and process parametric evaluative studies of waste cooking oil are presented in detail. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced were compared with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards for biodiesel and regular diesel.

关键词： Biodiesel Waste Cooking Oil Free Fatty Acid Sulfuric Acid Microwave-Assisted Transesterification

Importance of Aerosol Optical Depth in the Atmospheric Correction of Ocean Colour Remote Sensing Data

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2017年第1期7卷 100-108页

作者： Sriperambudur Udaya Laxmi Sonnati Chandralingam Pullaiahgari Venkata Nagamani Inaganti veera Ganga Bhavani Yerramsetti Umamaheswara Rao Department of Physics KMIT Hyderabad India Department of Physics JNTU Hyderabad India OSG/ECSA National Remote Sensing Centre Hyderabad India

Atmospheric aerosols being an important component of the atmosphere play an important role in global and regional climate change. Aerosols can affect air quality, climate change and human health and have a significant effect on the solar energy budget. To study their quantitative effect is a challenging task due to their high spatial and temporal variability. This parameter represents one of the extinction coefficients of solar radiation and rate of suspended particles in the atmosphere. Ocean Colour Remote Sensing provides information about the four major geophysical parameters like chlorophyll and total suspended sediment concentration, vertical diffuse attenuation co-efficient and the aerosol optical thickness measured at 865 nm. Aerosol optical depth can be expressed as function of wavelength through Angstrom’s equation ?, where “α” and “β” are known as Angstrom parameters. The Angstrom exponent, “α” is related to the size distribution of the aerosol particles and “β” represents the amount of aerosols present in the atmosphere. In this present study, an attempt is made to study the impact of these two parameters by changing values from 0 to 0.05 for “α” and from 0.0 to 0.6 for “β” in SeaDAS processing for estimating the aerosol optical depth. From this study, it is clear that for most of the applications either in the coastal or open ocean waters, alpha value varies from 0.0 to 0.3 over the north Indian Ocean. However, this has been further evaluated by various combinations for retrieving the AOD using OCM-2 data.

关键词： Aerosol Optical Depth SeaDAS North Indian Ocean OCM-2

Identification of Socio-Demographic, Behavioral Patterns and Their Relationship with HIV Status among Female Sex Workers

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World Journal of AIDS 2015年第1期5卷 41-49页

作者： Venkaiah Kodavalla Hemalatha Rajkumar Harikumar Rachakulla Paleswara Vara Prasad Saride Srinivasan Kallam Brahmam Narsimhachari veera Ginnela National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad India FHI30 New Delhi India

The prevalence of HIV in high risk population is influenced significantly the behavioral and sociodemographic characteristics. However, considering the complexity of behavior among female sex workers, the relationship between a particular behavioral pattern and the HIV status of this “at risk” population assumes significance. Data generated in a community-based cross-sectional study earlier carried out to assess the prevalence estimates, at district level, of HIV status in eight districts of State of Andhra Pradesh, India was used to carry out factor analysis to explore the role of demographic and behavioral pattern and their relationship with the HIV status among female sex workers. Data on 3083 female sex workers in the study revealed that there existed nine patterns among demographic and behavioral characteristics, which explained 62% of the total variation through factor analysis. Further, cluster analysis was performed to identify the groups of individuals having similar characteristics. Two of those clusters had sizeable numbers having similar characteristics. FSWs belonging to cluster 2 had significantly high risk factors compared with Cluster 1. The overall prevalence of HIV was 11.4% (10.6% in cluster 1 and 15.9% in cluster 2) among high risk population. There exists a strong relationship between behavioral patterns and HIV positive.

关键词： Behavioral Patterns Community-Based Cross-Sectional Studies Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Factor Analysis Cluster Analysis HIV Status

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甘蔗品种在等级施氮水平上的产量和吸氮量

甘蔗糖业 1981年第8期 43-45+49页

作者： C.veera Raghavaiah 吴光助

从上述讨论中明显地看到,Co 1148,Bo54和Co1336的平均总吸氮量分别为每公顷180、267和235公斤,不同品种的蔗茎部分的吸氮量占植株总吸氮量的62.1～77.2%。 Co1148、Bo54和Co1336由于施用氮肥比对照增加了吸氮量的最高值,分别出现于100... 详细信息

从上述讨论中明显地看到,Co 1148,Bo54和Co1336的平均总吸氮量分别为每公顷180、267和235公斤,不同品种的蔗茎部分的吸氮量占植株总吸氮量的62.1～77.2%。 Co1148、Bo54和Co1336由于施用氮肥比对照增加了吸氮量的最高值,分别出现于100公斤、50公斤和200公斤的施氮水平上。在北方邦Nainital Tarai的情况下,Co1148,Bo54和Co1336的施氮费每个卢比的收益较高的分别是在每公顷150公斤、50公斤和100公斤施氮水平上。

关键词：吸氮量甘蔗糖料作物施氮水平产量

A Stability Indicating UPLC Method for Finasteride and Its Related Impurities

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012年第11期3卷 737-745页

作者： Y. Koti Reddy G. V. Subba Reddy K. N. Jaya veera Kishore Kumar Hotha Bioanalytical Department Integrated Product Development Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd Bachupally India Department of Chemistry JNTUA College of Engineering Pulivendula India JNT University Anantapur India Sri Krishna Chaitanya College of Pharmacy Madanapalle India

The objective of the present research work is to develop a gradient, reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method for the determination of Finasteride in pharmaceutical bulk drugs for assay and its related impurities. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Phenyl Column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), The gradient LC method employs solutions A and B as mobile phase. The solution A Contains 2.5 mM ortho phosphoric acid (Buffer) and solution B contains a mixture of acetonitrile and water in the ratio of (90:10 v/v). The flow rate was 0.22 ml/min and the detection wavelength was 210 nm. In the developed UPLC method, the resolution between Finasteride and its potential impurities, namely Imp-1, Imp-2, Imp-3 and Imp-4 was found to be greater than 2.0. The drug was subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation. Considerable degradation was found to occur in alkaline medium and oxidative stress conditions. Degradation product formed during oxidative hydrolysis was found to be Imp-1. The stress samples were assayed against a qualified reference standard and the mass balance was found close to 99.5%. The developed RP-UPLC method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. The limit of quantification of Imp-1, Imp-2, Imp-3 and Imp-4 were 0.06, 0.06, 0.05 and 0.036% (of analyte concentration, i.e. 0.5 mg/ml) with 1μl injection volume. The developed method was found to be linear in the range of 2.5 - 15 μg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.999 for assay procedures and found to be linear in the range of 0.05 - 3 μg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.999 for related impurities.

关键词： RP-UPLC Forced Degradation Validation Finasteride Method Development

Disparities in colonoscopy utilization for lower gastrointestinal bleeding in rural vs urban settings in the United States

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2022年第8期14卷 474-486页

作者： Nagapratap Ganta Mina Aknouk Dina Alnabwani Ivan Nikiforov veera Jayasree Latha Bommu Vraj Patel Pramil Cheriyath Christopher S Hollenbeak Alan Hamza Department of Internal Medicine Hackensack Meridian Health Ocean Medical CenterBrickNJ 08724United States Penn State Milton S.Hershey Medical Center 500 University DriveUniversity ParkPA 16802United States Department of Internal Medicine Ocala HealthOcalaFL 34471United States

BACKGROUND Lower gastrointestinal bleeds(LGIB)is a very common inpatient condition in the United *** bleeds have a variety of presentations,from minor bleeding to severe hemorrhage and *** previous studies investigated the efficacy of colonoscopy in hospitalized patients with LGIB,there is limited research that discusses disparities in colonoscopy utilization in patients with LGIB in urban and rural *** To investigate the difference in utilization of colonoscopy in lower gastrointestinal bleeding between patients hospitalized in urban and rural *** This is a retrospective cohort study of 157748 patients using National Inpatient Sample data and the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project provided by the Agency for Healthcare Research and *** includes patients 18 years and older hospitalized with LGIB admitted between 2010 and *** study does not differentiate between acute and chronic LGIB and both are included in this *** primary outcome measure of this study was the utilization of colonoscopy among patients in rural and urban hospitals admitted for lower gastrointestinal bleeds;the secondary outcome measures were in-hospital mortality,length of stay,and costs involved in those receiving colonoscopy for *** analyses were all performed using STATA *** regression was used to analyze the utilization of colonoscopy and mortality,and a generalized linear model was used to analyze the length of stay and *** Our study found that 37.9%of LGIB patients at rural hospitals compared to approximately 45.1%at urban hospitals received colonoscopy,(OR=0.730,95%CI:0.705-0.7,P>0.0001).After controlling for covariates,colonoscopies were found to have a protective association with lower inhospital mortality[OR=0.498,95%CI:0.446-0.557,P<0.0001],but a longer length of stay by 0.72 d(95%CI:0.677-0.759 d,P<0.0001)and approximately$2199 in increased *** Although there was

关键词： Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Rural-urban disparities Colonoscopy Utilization of colonoscopy Length of stay Inpatient admission costs

Duodenal diverticulum and associated pancreatitis:Case report with brief review of literature

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2011年第3期3卷 62-63页

作者： Mian Muhammad Rizwan Harpeet Singh VP Chandar Maria Zulfiqar veera Singh Department of Internal Medicine Prince George's Hospital

Pancreatitis in the elderly is a problem of increasing occurrence and is associated with severe *** diverticula(PAD) are extraluminal outpouchings of the duodenum rarely associated with *** presence of PAD should be excluded before diagnosing idiopathic pancreatitis,particularly in the ***,when a duodenal diverticulum is found in the absence of any additional pathology,only then should the symptoms be attributed to the *** describe a case of duodenal diverticulum presenting with pancreatitis to emphasize the importance of this commonly neglected etiology.

关键词： Duodenal diverticulum Periampullary duodenal diverticulum Pancreatitis

Fungal diversity notes 1–110:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第3期72卷 1-197页

作者： Jian Kui Liu Kevin D.Hyde E.B.Gareth Jones Hiran A.Ariyawansa Darbhe J.Bhat Saranyaphat Boonmee Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Eric H.C.McKenzie Rungtiwa Phookamsak Chayanard Phukhamsakda Belle Damodara Shenoy Mohamed A,Abdel-Wahab Bart Buyck Jie Chen K.W.Thilini Chethana Chonticha Singtripop Dong Qin Dai Yu Cheng Dai Dinushani ADaranagama Asha J.Dissanayake Mingkwan Doilom Melvina J.D’souza Xin Lei Fan Ishani DGoonasekara Kazuyuki Hirayama Sinang Hongsanan Subashini C.Jayasiri Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Samantha C.Karunarathna Wen Jing Li Ausana Mapook Chada Norphanphoun Ka Lai Pang Rekhani H.Perera Derek Peršoh Umpava Pinruan Indunil CSenanayake Sayanh Somrithipol Satinee Suetrong Kazuaki Tanaka Kasun M.Thambugala Qing Tian Saowaluck Tibpromma Danushka Udayanga Nalin N.Wijayawardene Dhanuska Wanasinghe Komsit Wisitrassameewong Xiang Yu Zeng Faten AAbdel-Aziz Slavomir Adamčík Ali H.Bahkali Nattawut Boonyuen Timur Bulgakov Philippe Callac Putarak Chomnunti Katrin Greiner Akira Hashimoto Valerie Hofstetter Ji Chuan Kang David Lewis Xing Hong Li Xing Zhong Liu Zuo Yi Liu Misato Matsumura Peter E.Mortimer Gerhard Rambold Emile Randrianjohany Genki Sato veera Sri-Indrasutdhi Cheng Ming Tian Annemieke Verbeken Wolfgang von Brackel Yong Wang Ting Chi Wen Jian Chu Xu Ji Ye Yan Rui Lin Zhao Erio Camporesi Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouChina Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanChina Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Botany and Microbiology King Saudi UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Formerly Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoaIndia No.128/1–J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaGoa VelhaIndia Muséum national d’histoire naturelle Dépt.Systématique etévolutionUMR 720575005 ParisFrance Institute of Microbiology&Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control Beijing Forestry UniversityPO Box 61Beijing 100083China Institute of Plant and Environment Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesNo.9 of Shu Guang Hua Yuan Zhong LuHaidian DistrictBeijing 10097China The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Mycology University of BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095440 BayreuthGermany The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Iwate University18-8 Ueda 3 chomeMorioka 020-8550Japan Apple Experiment Station Aomori Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center24 FukutamiBotandairaKuroishiAomori 036-0332Japan Department of Plant Protection Agroscope Changins-Wadenswil Research Station ACWRte de Duiller1260 NyonSwitzerland Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Department of Botany Faculty of ScienceSohag UniversitySohagEgypt Institute of Botany Slovak Academy of SciencesDúbravskácesta 984523 BratislavaSlovakia Hirosaki University Bleakwood262 CR 3062NewtonTexas 75966USA Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Hirosaki University3 Bunkyo-choHirosakiAomori

This paper is a compilation of notes on 110 fungal taxa,including one new family,10 new genera,and 76 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic *** new family,Paradictyoarthriniaceae is introduced based on its distinct lineage in Dothideomycetes and its unique *** family is sister to Biatriosporaceae and *** new genera are Allophaeosphaeria(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Amphibambusa(Amphisphaeriaceae),Brunneomycosphaerella(Capnodiales genera incertae cedis),Chaetocapnodium(Capnodiaceae),Flammeascoma(Anteagloniaceae),Multiseptospora(Pleosporales genera incertae cedis),Neogaeumannomyces(Magnaporthaceae),Palmiascoma(Bambusicolaceae),Paralecia(Squamarinaceae)and Sarimanas(Melanommataceae).The newly described species are the Ascomycota Aliquandostipite manochii,Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis,***,Alternaria cesenica,Amphibambusa bambusicola,Amphisphaeria sorbi,Annulohypoxylon thailandicum,Atrotorquata spartii,Brunneomycosphaerella laburni,Byssosphaeria musae,Camarosporium aborescentis,***,***,Chaetocapnodium siamensis,Chaetothyrium agathis,Colletotrichum sedi,Conicomyces pseudotransvaalensis,Cytospora berberidis,***,Diaporthe thunbergiicola,Diatrype palmicola,Dictyosporium aquaticum,***,***,Didymella cirsii,Dinemasporium nelloi,Flammeascoma bambusae,Kalmusia italica,***,Keissleriella sparticola,Lauriomyces synnematicus,Leptosphaeria ebuli,Lophiostoma pseudodictyosporium,***,Lophiotrema eburnoides,Montagnula graminicola,Multiseptospora thailandica,Myrothecium macrosporum,Natantispora unipolaris,Neogaeumannomyces bambusicola,Neosetophoma clematidis,***,Oxydothis atypica,Palmiascoma gregariascomum,Paraconiothyrium nelloi,***,Paradictyoarthrinium tectonicola,Paralecia pratorum,Paraphaeosphaeria spartii,Pestalotiopsis digitalis,***,***,Phaeoisaria pseudoclematidis,Phragmocapnias philippinensis,Pseudocamarosporium cotinae,Pseudocercospora tam

关键词： Ascomycota Basidiomycota Global Taxonomy Initiative Phylogeny Taxonomy