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A simple laboratory method for the generation of mixed brominated-chlorinated paraffin single chain mixtures

Emerging Contaminants 2024年第2期10卷 90-97页

作者： Walter Vetter Clara Hägele Karin Herrmann Tobias Schulz sina schweizer University of Hohenheim Institute of Food Chemistry(170b)Garbenstr.2870599StuttgartGermany

Brominated-chlorinated paraffins(Br-CPs)are a comparably new compound class that features both Cl and Br atoms on one or several alkane *** to legal restrictions in the use of conventional chlorinated paraffins(CPs),Br-CPs have the potential to become emerging ***,their determination is hampered by the lack of suitable reference ***,we present a simple synthesis procedure with single chain alkanes that leads to Br-CPs with∼4–8 chlorine and 1 to 4 bromine substituents according to gas chromatography with electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry(GC/ECNI-MS).The single-chain Br-CP mixtures were obtained by the shared chlorination and bromination of eight single-chain alkanes(C10 to C17)at two reaction times,*** carbon content of the 16 single-chain Br-CP products,determined by elemental analysis(EA),ranged from 30.8 to 43.8%.The typical hump peak known from CPs was detected with GC with flame ionization detection(GC/FID),electron capture detection(GC/ECD)and GC/*** complexity indicated that low-resolution mass spectrometry is not sufficient for an adequate analysis of Br-CPs.A mathematical formula was developed which allows to calculate all possible combinations of Br and Cl that are in line with the carbon *** proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H NMR)spectra showed similarities to the ones of CPs with one chemical shift range for protons on nonhalogenated carbons and one for protons with one halogen on the same carbon.

关键词： NMR) mixtures alkanes

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High Amounts of Halogenated Natural Products in Sperm Whales(Physeter macrocephalus)from Two Italian Regions in the Mediterranean Sea

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Environment & Health 2024年第4期2卷 233-242页

作者： sina schweizer Kristin Halder Annika Schafer Jakob Hauns Letizia Marsili Sandro Mazzariol Maria Cristina Fossi Juan Muñoz-Arnanz Begoña Jiménez Walter Vetter Institute of Food Chemistry Department of Food Chemistry(170b)University of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany European Union Reference Laboratory(EURL)for Halogenated POPs in Feed and Food 79114 FreiburgGermany Department of Environmental Earth and Physical SciencesUniversity of Siena53100 SienaItaly Department of Public Health Comparative Pathology and Veterinary HygieneUniversity of Padova35020 LegnaroItaly Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry Institute of Organic Chemistry(IQOG-CSIC)28006 MadridSpain

Halogenated natural products(HNPs)are considered to be emerging contaminants whose environmental distribution and fate are only incompletely ***,several persistent and bioaccumulative HNP groups,together with manmade polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),were quantified in the blubber of nine sperm whales(Physeter macrocephalus)stranded on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in *** naturally occurring polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives(PBHDs;sum of TetraBHD and TriBHD)were the most prominent substance class with up to 77,000 ng/g *** mean PBHD content(35,800 ng/g blubber)even exceeded the one of PCBs(28,400 ng/g blubber),although the region is known to be highly contaminated with manmade *** on mean values,Q1∼PBDEs>MeO-BDEs∼2,2′-diMeO-BB 80 and several other HNPs followed with decreasing *** blubber samples contained an abundant compound whose molecular formula(C_(16)H_(19)Br_(3)O_(2))was verified using high-resolution mass *** only plausible matching isomer was(2S,4′S,9R,9′S)-2,7-dibromo-4′-bromomethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3,4,4′,9,9′-9,9′-hexahydro-1H-xanthen-9-ol(OH-TriBHD),a hydroxylated secondary metabolite previously detected together with TriBHD and TetraBHD in a sponge known to be a natural producer of *** estimated mean amount of the presumed OH-TriBHD was 3000 ng/g blubber,which is unexpectedly high for hydroxylated compounds in the lipids of marine mammals.

关键词： Halogenated natural product naturally occurring polyhalogenated compound persistent organic pollutant sperm whale Italy polar metabolite

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