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Detection of ARV-Resistant Mutants in HIV-1-Infected Individuals in a Context of Systematic Switching to an Association Based on Dolutegravir in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第3期14卷 138-151页

作者： Odegue Kpadraux Danielle Kakou-Ngazoa Solange Dechi Jean-Jacques Renaud Diallo Zelica sina kouamé mireil.e Sylla Aboubacar Tossea Koui Stéphane Kouakou Venance Adagba Marius Apia N’Chouo kouamé Basile Touré Offianan André Dosso mireil.e Molecular Biology Platform Institut Pasteur Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratory of the Regional Blood Transfusion Center Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University Hospital Treichville Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratory of the Regional Blood Transfusion Center San-Pdro Cte dIvoire Department of epidemic Virus Institut Pasteur Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Parasitology Mycology Institut Pasteur Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Bacteriology-Virology Institut Pasteur Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is a new national policy for the management of people living with HIV with the administration of dolutegravir (DTG)-based fixed-dose combination. The aim of our study was to evaluate HIV-1 resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in infected adult subjects in Cte d’Ivoire in the context of a systematic switch to a DTG-based combination. Between February 2022 and October 2023, a cross-sectional survey with random sampling was conducted in 06 services caring for people living with HIV. A total of 139 participants were included in the study. Adults with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL were tested for HIV-1 ARV resistance mutations. Molecular analyses were performed using protocol of ANRS-MIe (National Agency for Research on AIDS and emerging infectious diseases). The interpretation is performed by HIVGRAD (https://***/cms/grade/). The frequencies of HIV-1 resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (IINTs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 82%, 73%, 19% and 11% respectively. The main mutations observed in the different classes were K103N (45%), M184V (64%), e157Q (19%) and L10V/M46I/A71V/I54V (6%) respectively. This study reveals the emergence of resistance to DTG-based fixed-dose combinations, favored by high rates of resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs. This finding underlines the need for enhanced viral load monitoring and HIV-1 genotyping tests to guide the choice of NRTIs for combination therapy. In addition, monitoring for mutations to second-generation NRTIs is essential, given the scale-up of DTG-based regimens currently underway in Cte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Resistant Mutants Dolutegravir HIV-1 Antiretrovirals Côte d’Ivoire

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PCR-HRM for Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: A Variant Detection Tool in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第3期14卷 166-185页

作者： Aboubacar Sylla Solange Kakou-Ngazoa Tata Gniré Safiatou Coulibaly Yakoura Karidja Ouattara mireil.e Sylvie kouamé-sina Zeinab Ouattara David Ngolo Coulibaly Brice Kouakou Bla mireil.e Dosso Molecular Biology Platform Pasteur Institute Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratory of Biology and Health UFR Biosciences University Flix Houphout Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire Genetic and Cancer Laboratory Molecular Genetics Platform Pasteur Institute Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire epidemic Virus Department Pasteur Institute Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The rise of new viruses, like SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 outbreak, along with the return of antibiotic resistance in harmful bacteria, demands a swift and efficient reaction to safeguard the health and welfare of the global population. It is crucial to have effective measures for prevention, intervention, and monitoring in place to address these evolving and recurring risks, ensuring public health and international security. In countries with limited resources, utilizing recombinant mutation plasmid technology in conjunction with PCR-HRM could help differentiate the existence of novel variants. cDNA synthesis was carried out on 8 nasopharyngeal samples following viral RNA extraction. The P1 segment of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike S protein was amplified via conventional PCR. Subsequently, PCR products were ligated with the pGeM-T easy vector to generate eight recombinant SARS-CoV-2 plasmids. Clones containing mutations were sequenced using Sanger sequencing and analyzed through PCR-HRM. The P1 segment of the S gene from SARS-CoV-2 was successfully amplified, resulting in 8 recombinant plasmids generated from the 231 bp fragment. PCR-HRM analysis of these recombinant plasmids differentiated three variations within the SARS-CoV-2 plasmid population, each displaying distinct melting temperatures. Sanger sequencing identified mutations A112C, G113T, A114G, G214T, and G216C on the P1 segment, validating the PCR-HRM findings of the variations. These mutations led to the detection of L452R or L452M and F486V protein mutations within the protein sequence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, PCR-HRM is a vital and affordable tool for distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 variants utilizing recombinant plasmids as controls.

关键词： Genomic Surveillance SARS-CoV-2 PCR-HRM Variants Côte d’Ivoire

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Impact of Vascular Variations on Living Donor Kidney Transplantation

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Open Journal of Organ Transplant Surgery 2024年第1期12卷 1-6页

作者： Noël Coulibaly evrard kouamé Yao Vamoussa Diomandé Tawakaltu Bolasade Adebayo Légnima Sékou Michel Tuo Donafologo Daouda Yéo UFR Sciences Mdicales dAbidjan-Dpartement de Spcialits et Spcialits Chirurgicales Universit Flix Houphout Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire Service dUrologie CHU Treichville Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Background: Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage chronic kidney disease. However, its realization is confronted by several difficulties among which are anatomical variations. Objective: The objective of our work was to describe the impact of renal pedicle variations on the operative procedure as well as the complications. Method: We conducted a retrospective study on living kidney donors and their recipients in the period from 2012 to 2017. Several variables were studied, in particular socio-demographic, operative and progression. Results: We identified 49 living donors whose mean age was 37.59 years with a male-to-female ratio of 3.9 and 45 ± 10.75 years in the recipients. The prevalence of renal vascular abnormalities was higher with a proportion of 46.94% in recipients. The left kidney was most frequently removed (75.51%) and then kept mainly in HTK (95.92%). These vascular anomalies were associated with a longer operating time but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.5804). They had no effect on hot and cold ischemia times (p = 0.9838, p = 0.8389). Complications were observed in 11 patients, all recipients, i.e. 11.22%, and were not related to the presence of vascular abnormalities (p = 0.086). We observed that 4.08% of deaths were all recipients. Conclusion: It seems that kidney transplantation with multiple renal arteries and/or veins does not significantly lengthen the operating time and does not promote the onset of complications.

关键词： Vascular Abnormality Renal Transplantation Renal Pedicle

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Team experience of nasopharyngeal samples reception,decontamination,and sorting during the COVID-19 pandemic(2020)at Institut Pasteur Côte d’Ivoire

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2021年第2期3卷 120-124页

作者： kouaméInnocent Kolia KipréBertin Guédé Kan Stéphane Kouassi Koby Albert Obro Kpadraux Danielle Odegue Sylvie mireil sina-kouaméle Banga Victor Yepri mireil.e Dosso Molecular Biology Platform/Institut Pasteur Côte d’Ivoire Central Laboratory/University Hospital Center of Yopougon(Côte d’Ivoire)Cote d’Ivoire Bacteriology and Virology Department National Reference Center for Antibiotics/Institut Pasteur Côte d’IvoireCôte d’Ivoire Molecular Biology Platform/Institut Pasteur Côte d’Ivoire Côte d’Ivoire Cell Biology Unit/Institut Pasteur Côte d’Ivoire Côte d’Ivoire Transport and packaging unit/Institut Pasteur Côte d’Ivoire Côte d’Ivoire Institut Pasteur Côte d’Ivoire Côte d’Ivoire

Molecular testing sensitivity,which allows for early diagnosis of the 2019 coronavirus disease(COVID-19),could be affected by sample quality,storage,and transportation timeframe to the laboratory,along with bias related to the pre-analytic *** present study reports the selection and decontamination of nasopharyngeal samples during COVID-19 management at the Institut Pasteur Côte d’*** objective of this work was to organize sample reception management and report a complete picture of sample selection and decontamination in the context of diagnosis activity *** administrative note creating the selection and decontamination unit of nasopharyngeal samples initiated activities in May *** required human resources and necessary materials were identified and put in *** activity consisted of receiving,sorting,decontaminating,and sending nasopharyngeal samples to different diagnostic *** were recorded *** a six-month period of activities,from a total amount of 11,401 containers received and decontaminated,174,085 samples were selected.A proportion of 92.0%of these specimens met the diagnostic standards,while 7.0%that were found acceptable showed minor ***,a rate of 1.0%of samples with major abnormalities could not be used for COVID-19 testing and,therefore,were ***,the non-conformity rate was reduced by 2.4%after the first term *** and decontamination of nasopharyngeal samples are crucial steps in biosafety optimization for the technical staff and quality improvement of sample care.

关键词： Sorting and decontamination Nasopharyngeal sample COVID-19 Côte d’Ivoire

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The Dental Absces: epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects at the Dental Office of the Prefectoral Hospital of Siguiri in 2021 in the Republic of Guinea

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第9期14卷 382-391页

作者： Magna Condé Aly Badara Nabé Fanta Madi Traoré Moussa Doré Djibrila Camara Kaïn Condé Mory Sacko Francine Manto Kuete kouamé Patrice Attogbain African Center of excellence for the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases (CeA-PCMT) Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques of the Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea Department of Odontology Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea Department of Odontology and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea Department of Pathology and Therapeutics UFR Odonto-Stomatology Felix Houphouet Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast

Introduction: A dental abscess is a collection of pus located in the tissues surrounding the tooth roots. The aim of this work is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of dental abscess in order to contribute to the management of patients suffering from this pathology at the dental office of the Siguiri Prefectural Hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study lasting 2 months carried out on the registers of patients received between October 2017 and October 2020 at the dental office of the Siguiri prefectural hospital. Results: 4690 patient files were identified during the study, of which 546 met our selection criteria, i.e. a frequency of 11.64%. During our study, we found 51.83% female compared to 48.17% male, i.e. a sex ratio of 1.07. 54.21% of our patients resided in rural communes compared to 45.76% for the urban commune. The age group most affected was that of 16 - 25 years old or 33.69%. Swelling, pain and functional discomfort were the reasons for consultation in all patients followed by other associated reasons in 41.21%. The premolar-molar group was the most represented, i.e. 86.70%. 80.04% of our patients presented an acute abscess compared to 19.96% of chronic cases. Antibiotic, analgesic, and mouthwash were prescribed in all patients during the study followed by 96.37% of cases prescription of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 93.04% of causal teeth were extracted followed by 6.78% of cases of conservative treatment in our study. In our study, 80.95% of our patients had a good post-therapeutic outcome. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for prevention and early management of dental abscesses.

关键词： Dental Abscess epidemiological Clinical Therapeutic

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Detection of ARV-Resistant Mutants in HIV-1-Infected Individuals in a Context of Systematic Switching to an Association Based on Dolutegravir in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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American Journal of Molecular Biology（美国分子生物学期刊） 2024年第3期 138页

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PCR-HRM for Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2:A Variant Detection Tool in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa

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American Journal of Molecular Biology（美国分子生物学期刊） 2024年第3期 166页

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Building the Capacity of Health Professionals in Monitoring and evaluation in a Public Health Institution: experience of the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) of Côte d’Ivoire

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Health 2024年第8期16卷 731-749页

作者： esme Marie Laure essis N’guetta Mathilde Manouan Anna-Corine estell Liema Bissouma ethmonia kouamé ekissi Orsot Tetchi Sagou Olivier Yayo Stephane Claon Yao eugene Konan William Yavo Agbaya Stephane Oga Tenenan Jean Marie Yeo Joseph Aka National Institute of Public Health Abidjan Cte dIvoire Cellule de Recherche en Sant de la Reproduction de Cte dIvoire (CReSAR-CI) Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Public Health and Biostatistics UFR of Medical Sciences Felix Houphout Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Public Health UFR of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences Felix Houphout Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Background: In the context of the fight against HIV, a lack of skills in monitoring and evaluating the personnel in charge of activities has been identified at the national level. It was the subject of a priority axis of the national plan for monitoring and evaluating the fight against HIV (2006-2010) that was aimed at strengthening the capacities of actors in this area. To increase the critical mass of competent human resources in the short term, the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) of Côte d’Ivoire organized monitoring and evaluation training sessions for healthcare professionals from 2011 to 2016. Methods: A single case study with multiple levels of analysis was carried out, combining a qualitative survey and a literature review. An evaluation was carried out six months after each training session. In addition, the results of the pre- and post-tests and of the daily and final evaluations that accompanied the various training sessions were used to provide further information. The qualitative data collected were analyzed using INVIVO 15 software. Results: Some 89 health professionals (69% men and 31% women) working at the national level (51% at the central level, including 58% in health programs) and in development partner agencies (37%) participated in this capacity building program. Most participants were senior health managers (56%), data managers (23%), and statisticians and computer scientists (10%). Almost all the trainings were financed by 16 technical and financial partners (85%), mainly the MeASURe evaluation project (27%). Conclusion: M&e training, despite all its imperfections, has made it possible to identify M&e training needs at the national level and to increase the critical mass of national skills and to have some culture in M&e.

关键词： Short-Term Training Capacity Building Monitoring and evaluation Health Professional Africa Côte d’Ivoire

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Mapping Natural Hazard Impacts on Road Infrastructure——The extreme Precipitation in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, June 2013

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第3期5卷 227-241页

作者： sina Keller Andreas Atzl Institute of Regional Science/Institute of Urban and Regional Planning Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKaiserstraße 1276131 KarlsruheGermany

Infrastructures in europe have been affected by impacts of extreme natural events with increasing frequency over the past decades. One of the most recent examples is the flooding that affected parts of Germany in June 2013. Global warming is expected to change patterns of climate-related extreme events affecting *** article presents an explanatory approach. Based on an observational design, causal connections between the occurrence and patterns of extreme events and related road infrastructure impacts are analyzed. The hazard mapping case study in the state of Baden-Wrttemberg combines traffic information and data on the June 2013 extreme precipitation in Germany. It examines the precipitation occurrence and road infrastructure impact characteristics in Baden-Wu¨ rttemberg and identifies spatiotemporal hazard patterns. The article suggests further research needs and fields of application for risk mapping in climate change adaptation research in Germany.

关键词： extreme precipitation Floods Germany Hazard patterns Landslides Road infrastructure

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Chasing the mechanisms of ecologically adaptive salinity tolerance

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Plant Communications 2023年第6期4卷 1-21页

作者： Silvia Busoms sina Fischer Levi Yant Plant Physiology Laboratory Bioscience FacultyUniversitat Auto`noma de BarcelonaBellaterraBarcelona E-08193Spain Future Food Beacon of excellence University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK School of Biosciences University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK School of Life Sciences University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK

Plants adapted to challenging environments offer fascinating models of evolutionary change. Importantly,they also give information to meet our pressing need to develop resilient, low-input *** mounting environmental fluctuation—including temperature, rainfall, and soil salinity and degradation—this is more urgent than ever. Happily, solutions are hiding in plain sight: the adaptive mechanismsfrom natural adapted populations, once understood, can then be leveraged. Much recent insighthas come from the study of salinity, a widespread factor limiting productivity, with estimates of 20% ofall cultivated lands affected. This is an expanding problem, given increasing climate volatility, rising sealevels, and poor irrigation practices. We therefore highlight recent benchmark studies of ecologicallyadaptive salt tolerance in plants, assessing macro- and microevolutionary mechanisms, and therecently recognized role of ploidy and the microbiome on salinity adaptation. We synthesize insightspecifically on naturally evolved adaptive salt-tolerance mechanisms, as these works move substantiallybeyond traditional mutant or knockout studies, to show how evolution can nimbly ‘‘tweak’’ plantphysiology to optimize function. We then point to future directions to advance this field that intersectevolutionary biology, abiotic-stress tolerance, breeding, and molecular plant physiology.

关键词： adaptation salinity polyploidy microbiome evolution ecology

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