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Seeing the wood for the trees:towards improved quantification of glial cells in central nervous system tissue

Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第9期13卷 1520-1523页

作者： sinéad.healy Jill McMahon Una FitzGerald Galway Neuroscience Centre School of Natural SciencesNational University of Ireland

The following mini-review attempts to guide researchers in the quantification of fluorescently-labelled proteins within cultured thick or chromogenically-stained proteins within thin sections of brain *** follows from our examination of the utility of Fiji Image J thresholding and binarization *** how we identified the maximum intensity projection as the best of six tested for two dimensional（2 D）-rendering of three-dimensional（3 D） images derived from a series of z-stacked micrographs,the review summarises our comparison of 16 global and 9 local algorithms for their ability to accurately quantify the expression of astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein（GFAP）,microglial ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1（IBA1） and oligodendrocyte lineage Olig2 within fixed cultured rat hippocampal brain *** application of these algorithms to chromogenically-stained GFAP and IBA1 within thin tissue sections,is also ***’s Bio Voxxel plugin allowed categorisation of algorithms according to their sensitivity,specificity accuracy and relative *** Percentile algorithm was deemed best for quantifying levels of GFAP,the Li algorithm was best when quantifying IBA expression,while the Otsu algorithm was optimum for Olig2 staining,albeit with over-quantification of oligodendrocyte number when compared to a stereological ***,GFAP and IBA expression in 3,3′-diaminobenzidine（DAB）/haematoxylin-stained cerebellar tissue was best quantified with Default,Isodata and Moments *** workflow presented in Figure 1 could help to improve the quality of research outcomes that are based on the quantification of protein with brain tissue.

关键词： organotypic brain slice culture glial cell quantification thresholding algorithms Fiji Image J Bio Voxxel plug-in stereology

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The face of animal cognition

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 132-144页

作者： Susan D.healy School of Biology University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK

As an increasing number of researchers investigate the cognitive abilities of an ever-wider range of animals,animal cognition is currently among the most exciting fields within animal *** would be proud:all four of his approaches are being pursued and we are learning much about how animals collect information and how they use that information to make decisions for their current and future states as well as what animals do not perceive or choose to *** I provide an overview of this productivity,alighting only briefly on any single example,to showcase the diversity of species,of approaches and the sheer mass of research effort currently under *** are getting closer to understanding the minds of other animals and the evolution of cognition at an increasingly rapid rate.

关键词： animal cognition comparative psychology Tinbergen’s four questions

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MXene supported surface plasmons on telecommunications optical fibers

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第2期11卷 212-220页

作者： Victor Pacheco-Peña Toby Hallam Noel healy School of Mathematics Statistics and PhysicsNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE17RUUK

MXenes,an emerging class of two-dimensional materials,exhibit characteristics that promise significant potential for their use in next generation optoelectronic *** interplay between interband transitions and boundary effects offer the potential to tune the plasma frequencies over a large spectral range from the near-infrared to the *** tuneability along with the‘layered’nature of the material not only offer the flexibility to produce plasmon resonances across a wide range of wavelengths,but also add a degree of freedom to the sensing mechanism by allowing the plasma frequency to be *** we show,numerically,that MXenes can support plasmons in the telecommunications frequency range and that surface plasmon resonances can be excited on a standard MXene coated side polished optical ***,presenting the tantalising prospect of highly selective distributed optical fiber sensor networks.

关键词： fibers excited transitions

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Animal cognition

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 128-131页

作者： Susan D.healy School of Biology University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUK

This special issue of Integrative Zoology(the official journal of the International Society of Zoological Sciences and the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences)is focused on questions concerning the cognitive abilities of *** papers in this issue are the outcome of the 9th International Symposium of Integrative Zoology from 27-31 August 2017 in Xining,Qinghai Province,*** of these papers showcases questions absorbing the current interest of researchers in animal cognition(healy 2019).Those questions range from the methodological through to experimental design to the relationship between cognitive abilities and their neural underpinnings,from the laboratory to the field,and to the very nature of *** experimental design has long been the hallmark of work on animal cognition(many examples are included in Shettleworth[2010])and this special issue contains several new instances.

关键词： journal concerning cognition

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Social learning in nest-building birds watching live-streaming video demonstrators

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 204-213页

作者： Lauren M.GUILLETTE Susan D.healy School of Biology University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUK

Determining the role that social learning plays in construction behaviors,such as nest building or tool manufacture,could be improved if more experimental control could be gained over the exact public information that is provided by the demonstrator,to the observing *** video playback allows the experimenter to choose what information is provided but will only be useful in determining the role of social learning if observers attend to,and learn from,videos in a manner that is similar to live *** goal of the current experiment was to test whether live-streamed video presentations of nest building by zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata would lead observers to copy the material choice demonstrated to ***,males that had not previously built a nest were given an initial preference test between materials of 2 *** observers then watched live-stream footage of a familiar demonstrator building a nest with material of the color that the observer did not *** this experience,observers were given the chance to build a nest with materials of the 2 *** two-thirds of the observer males preferred material of the demonstrated color after viewing the demonstrator build a nest with material of that color more than they had previously,their preference for the demonstrated material was not as strong as that of observers that had viewed live demonstrator builders in a previous *** results suggest researchers should proceed with caution before using video demonstration in tests of social learning.

关键词： construction behavior copying nest social learning video playback zebra finch

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Profiling elite male 100-m sprint performance:The role of maximum velocity and relative acceleration

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 75-84页

作者： Robin healy Ian C.Kenny Andrew J.Harrison Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of LimerickV94 T9PXIreland Department of Sport and Health Sciences Athlone Institute of TechnologyN37 HD68Ireland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerickV94 T9PXIreland

Purpose:This study aimed to determine the accuracy of a 4 split time modelling method to generate velocity-time and velocity-distance variables in elite male 100-m sprinters and subsequently to assess the roles of key sprint parameters with respect to 100-m sprint ***,this study aimed to assess the differences between faster and slower sprinters in key sprint variables that have not been assessed in previous ***:Velocity-time and velocity-distance curves were generated using a mono-exponential function from 4 split times for 82 male sprinters during major athletics *** race variables-maximum velocity,the acceleration time constant(τ),and percentage of velocity lost(vLoss)-were derived for each *** were divided into tertiles,based on 100-m time,with the first and third tertiles considered to be the faster and slower groups,respectively,to facilitate further ***:Modelled split times and velocities displayed excellent accuracy and close agreement with raw measures(range of mean bias was-0.2%to 0.2%,and range of intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)was 0.935 to 0.999)except for 10-m time(mean bias was 1.6%±1.3%,and the ICC was 0.600).The 100-m sprint performance time and all 20-m split times had a significant near-perfect negative correlation with maximum velocity(r≥-0.90)except for the 0 to 20-m split time,where a significantly large negative correlation was found(r=-0.57).The faster group had a significantly higher maximum velocity andτ(p<0.001),and no significant difference was found for vLoss(p=0.085).Conclusion:Coaches and researchers are encouraged to utilize the 4 split time method proposed in the current study to assess several key race variables that describe a sprinter’s performance capacities,which can be subsequently used to further inform training.

关键词： Deceleration Modelling Race phases Reaction time Split times

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From a sequential pattern,temporal adjustments emerge in hummingbird traplining

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 182-192页

作者： Maria C.TELLO-RAMOS Andrew T.HURLY Susan D.healy School of Biology University of St AndrewsScotlandUK Department of Biological Sciences University of LethbridgeAlbertaCanada

Animals that feed from resources that are constant in space and that refill may benefit from repeating the order in which they visit *** is a behavior known as traplining,a spatial ***,like other central-place foragers,use short traplines when moving between several rewarding *** we investigated whether traplining hummingbirds also use relevant temporal information when choosing which flowers to *** rufous hummingbirds that were allowed to visit 3 artificial flower patches in which flowers were refilled 20 min after they had been depleted repeated the order in which they visited the 3 *** they tended to visit the first 2 patches sooner than 20 min,they visited the third patch at approximately 20-min inter*** time between visits to the patches increased across the experiment,suggesting that the birds learned to wait longer before visiting a *** birds appeared to couple the sequential pattern of a trapline with temporal regularity,to some *** suggests that there is a temporal component to the repeated spatial movements flown by foraging wild hummingbirds.

关键词： foraging patterns interval timing rufous hummingbirds Selasphorus rufus

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Growing Operational Use of FY-3 Data in the ECMWF System

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advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第8期38卷 1285-1298页

作者： Niels BORMANN David DUNCAN Stephen ENGLISH Sean healy Katrin LONITZ Keyi CHEN Heather LAWRENCE Qifeng LU European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Reading RG29AXUnited Kingdom International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China National Satellite Meteorological Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 10081China

This paper reviews the data quality and impact of observations from the FY-3 satellite series used operationally in the ECMWF system. This includes data from the passive microwave radiometers MWHS-1, MWHS-2 and MWRI, as well as observations from the radio occultation receiver GNOS. Evaluations against background equivalents show that the quality of the observations is broadly comparable to that of similar instruments on other polar-orbiting satellites, even though biases for the passive microwave observations can be somewhat larger and more complex for some channels. An observing system experiment shows that the FY-3 instruments jointly contribute significantly to the forecast skill in the ECMWF system. Positive impact of up to 2% is seen for most variables out to the day-2 forecasts over hemispheric scales, with significant benefits for total column water vapor or for temperature and wind in the stratosphere out to day 4.

关键词： FY-3 satellite series assimilation forecast impact calibration/validation

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Recent progress of semiconductor optoelectronic fibers

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2021年第4期14卷 383-398页

作者： HEI CHIT LEO TSUI NOEL healy Emerging Technologies and Materials Group School of MathematicsStatistics and PhysicsNewcastle UniversityNewcastleNE17RUUK

Semiconductor optoelectronic fiber technology has seen rapid development in recent years thanks to advancements in fabrication and post-processing *** the optical and electronic functionality of semiconductor materials into a fiber geometry has opened up many possibilities,such as in-fiber frequency generation,signal modulation,photodetection,and solar energy *** review provides an overview of the stateof-the-art in semiconductor optoelectronic fibers,including fabrication and post-processing methods,materials and their optical *** applications in nonlinear optics,optical-electrical conversion,lasers and multimaterial functional fibers will also be highlighted.

关键词： optical fibers semiconductor photonics nonlinear optics

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Upper gastrointestinal tract capsule endoscopy using a nurse-led protocol: First reported experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第26期24卷 2893-2901页

作者： Hey-Long Ching Ailish healy Victoria Thurston Melissa F Hale Reena Sidhu Mark E McAlindon Academic Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

AIM To test the feasibility and performance of a novel upper gastrointestinal(GI) capsule endoscope using a nurse-led protocol. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of patients who declined gastroscopy(oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, OGD) but who consented to upper GI capsule endoscopy. Patients swallowed the upper GI capsule following ingestion of 1 liter of water(containing simethicone). A series of positional changes were used to exploit the effects of water flow and move the upper GI capsule from one gravity-dependent area to another using a nurse-led protocol. Capsule transit time, video reading time, mucosal visualisation, pathology detection and patient tolerance was *** Fifty patients were included in the study. The mean capsule transit times in the oesophagus and stomach were 28 s and 68 min respectively. Visualisation of the following major anatomical landmarks was achieved(graded 1-5: Poor to excellent): Oesophagus, 4.8(± 0.5); gastro-oesophageal junction(GOJ), 4.8(± 0.8); cardia, 4.8(± 0.8); fundus, 3.8(± 1.2); body, 4.5(± 1); antrum, 4.5(± 1); pylorus, 4.7(± 0.8); duodenal bulb, 4.7(± 0.7); second part of the duodenum(D2), 4.7(± 1). The upper GI capsule reached D2 in 64% of patients. The mean video reading time was 48 min with standard playback mode and 20 min using Quickview(P = 0.0001). No pathology was missed using Quickview. Procedural tolerance was excellent. No complications were seen with the upper GI capsule. CONCLUSION The upper GI capsule achieved excellent views of the upper GI tract. Future studies should compare the diagnostic accuracy between upper GI capsule and OGD.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Upper gastrointestinal Gastroscopy Oesophagus Stomach

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