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CD4 T-Lymphocytes Count in HIV-<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Co-Infected Pregnant Women Undergoing a Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2018年第4期6卷 76-84页

作者： Gnatoulma Katawa Malewe Kolou Liza Koboyo Nadjir Essoham Ataba Gatigbene Bomboma simplice damintoti karou Ecole Superieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL) Universite de Lome Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire et d’Immunologie (BIOLIM) Universite de Lome Lomé Togo

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a parasite responsible of toxoplasmosis, a disease often asymptomatic but with serious consequences in pregnant women and immunocompromised subjects. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of T. gondii infection on CD4+ T lymphocytes count in HIV-infected pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of pregnant women co-infected by HIV and T. gondii. The study was conducted from January to July 2016 at the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) sites in the Health District of Lacs in Togo. Diagnosis of HIV was performed by immuno-chromatographic methods with Determine TM HIV-1/2 and immuno-filtration with Tri-Dot HIV-1 and 2 kits. Presence of anti-toxoplasmic IgG and IgM antibodies was established via enzyme immunoassay using ELISA-BIOREX®kit. Flow cytometry was used to count CD4+ T lymphocytes. Results: Our study found that of the 4599 pregnant women, 111 (2.41%) were HIV-positive. Among them, 109 (98.20%) were infected by HIV-1 and 2 (1.98%) by HIV-2. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 5.36% (IgM), 25% (IgG) and 3.57% (both IgM and IgG) of HIV 56 infected women. There was no significant difference between CD4 cell count in HIV (+)/T. gondii IgM (-)/IgG (-) infected pregnant women (378.8 ± 222.8 cell//μl) compared to HIV (+)/T. gondii/IgM (+) (457.3 ± 183.3 cell//μl), HIV (+)/T. gondii IgG (+) (419.4 ± 287.3 cell//μl) and HIV (+)/T. gondii IgM/IgG (+) (480.5 ± 252.4 cell/μl). Conclusion: This study showed that intracellular parasite T. gondii did not alter CD4+ T lymphocytes count in HIV/T. gondii co-infected pregnant women.

关键词： HIV Toxoplasma gondii Co-Infection CD4+ T Lymphocytes Count

Evaluation of the Microbiological Quality of Poultry Imported into Togo and the Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella spp. Isolated

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第10期13卷 499-516页

作者： Kossi Touglo Yawavi Justine Sanni Lionel Amegan Koffi Akolly Yaovi Akoula Nuto Wembo Afiwa Halatoko Adodo Sadji Bawimodom Bidjada Bouraïma Djeri simplice damintoti karou Yaovi Agbekponou Ameyapoh Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Aliments de l’Eau et Produits Divers Institut National d’Hygiène (INH) Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de la qualité des Denrées Alimentaires (LAMICODA) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale de l’Institut National d’Hygiène (INH) Lomé Togo

In Togo, despite the government’s efforts, food requirements in terms of animal proteins are not covered by national production and are subject to huge imports of meat products. However, the hygienic quality of these imports is not guaranteed for the consumer. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of unhygienically unsatisfactory imported poultry and to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella spp. strains. A total of 285 samples of imported poultry, including 55 chicken thighs, 10 chicken backbones, 25 chicken wings, 5 whole chickens, 30 sausages, 35 chicken forequarters, 95 chicken drumsticks and 30 guinea fowl wings, were analyzed using standard AFNOR routine methods. The following germs were tested: Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (TAMF), Anaerobic-Sulfite-Reducing (ASR), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on Salmonella spp. strains isolated using the agar disk diffusion method (CA-SFM). Results showed 100% compliance for TAMF, coagulase-positive Staphylococci and Escherichia coli. On the other hand, 3.84% and 2.46% non-compliance were recorded for ASR and Salmonella respectively. Non-compliance with hygiene rules is generally thought to be the cause of meat contamination. Seven 7 strains of Salmonella were isolated, 5 of which were of the OMA serogroup, and the other two of the OMB and HMB groups. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed resistance to certain beta-lactam antibiotics and quinolones, in particular: cefalexin (28.57%), cefoxitin (14.28%), cefuroxime (28.57%), ceftazidime (28.57%), ceftriaxone (28.57%) and nalidixic acid (28.57%). This result may be explained by the uncontrolled use of B-lactam and quinolone antibiotics in poultry farming. As Salmonella spp. is a pathogenic enteric bacterium that causes food-borne illness in humans, resistance to third-generation cephalosporins remains a major public health problem.

关键词： Imported Poultry Hygienic quality Salmonella spp Antibiotic Resistance Togo

Effectiveness of Disinfection in Bacteriology Laboratories in Togo, 2021

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2023年第7期13卷 213-226页

作者： Wemboo Afiwa Halatoko Bawimodom Bidjada Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh Pirenam Kpaïkpaï Fagdéba David Bara Kokou Akpanta Zoulkarneiri Issa Koffi Akolly Yao Adodo Sadji Gnatoulma Katawa Mounerou Salou simplice damintoti karou Edgard Marius Ouendo Institut National d’Hygiène (INH) Lomé Togo Institut Régional de Santé Publique (IRSP) Département de Santé et Environnement Université d’Abomey Calavi (Bénin) Abomey-Calavi Benin Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrô le de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires (LAMICODA)/Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA) Université de Lomé (UL) Lomé Togo Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Background: Laboratory personnel is at risk of biological contamination leading to laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs). The use of disinfection products is essential in the prevention of these infections. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents used in disinfection in bacteriology laboratories in Togo. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from June to December 2021 in all bacteriology laboratories in Togo. Swabs taken before and after disinfection of surfaces and staff hands were immediately plated on agar media. Counting and identification of isolated colonies were done after 24 hours of incubation. The ANOVA test was used to compare calculated means, prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare bacterial frequencies. Results: A total of 393 samples were taken, of which 41.2% were from hands. Before disinfection, surfaces were more contaminated than hands with respectively 40.4% and 29.6% (PR = 1.3;CI 95% = [0.9 - 1.9]). After surface disinfection with 0.5% of chlorine solution, bacterial elimination was total, but partial on hands washed with soap, with residual contamination of 3.7%. A total of 108 strains were isolated before disinfection of which Klebsiella spp. 38.9% and Staphylococcus spp. 25.0%;after disinfection 4 strains were isolated of which: Staphylococcus spp. 75.0% and Klebsiella spp. 25.0%. Conclusion: Surface disinfection was more effective than hand washing with soap and water. We recommend proper hand washing.

关键词： Effectiveness Antimicrobial Agents Disinfection Hands Surfaces

Hepatitis B and C Immunological and Molecular Parameter Analysis in HIV-Positive Patients Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou (HOSCO), Burkina Faso

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第1期12卷 20-41页

作者： Denise P. Ilboudo W. W. Eudoxie Kévine Savadogo Théodora M. Zohoncon Estelle Savadogo Yéri Esther Hien Lassina Traore Djéneba Ouermi Wendkuuni Florencia Djigma Christelle M. Nadembega Marius Belemgnegre Paul Ouedraogo Mahamoudou Sanou damintoti simplice karou Yves Traore Jacques Simpore Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University of Fada N’Gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Immunology University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Saint Thomas d’Aquin Faculté de Médecine Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Hopital Saint Camille Ouagadougou (HOSCO) Ouagadougou Burkina Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Science De la Santé (UFR/SDS) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Knowledge of the clinical and biological profile of patients infected with HIV and hepatitis B and/or C is essential in order to identify and implement effective management strategies. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study from January 01, 2016 to June 01, 2021. Adult patients aged at least 18 years infected with HIV type 1 and/or 2, na?ve to ARV treatment. Univariate analyses were assessed using Pearson’s Chi2 test. The Student Newman test was used for comparison between groups using R software version 4.0.2. Objective: To draw up the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and evolutionary profiles of HIV-treated-patients in relation to HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections in order to allow the identification and the implementation of effective management strategies. Results: Of the 379 patients included 280 (73.88%) were women. At treatment initiation, the mean age was 40.14 ± 11.84 years. The majority of patients consulted at WHO stage III (51.45%). Clinical suspicion was the most frequent screening circumstance (51.71%). The pathologies frequently reported at the first consultation were diarrhea (28%) and shingles (16%). Body mass index was normal in 50.5% of patients. HIV1 infection was the majority (91.03%). A total of 270 had a CD4 count at treatment initiation. The mean CD4 cell count was 304.17 ± 242.06 cells/μL, and 116 (42.59%) of them had a CD4 ≤ 200 cells/μL. Viral load at treatment initiation was documented in 62 patients (16.35%) and 70.97% of them had a detectable viral load (greater than 1000 copies/mL). The clinical and biological evolution was relatively good in patients after therapeutic initiation. HIV-HBV co-infection was 24.11% and HIV-HCV co-infection was 2.26%. The mortality rate was 3.69%. Conclusion: These results reflect a significant delay in HIV infection diagnosis. Furthermore, hepatitis B and/or C is co-infections that increasingly affect people living with HIV. It also appears that COVID 19 disease has had a strong impact

关键词： HIV Clinical-Biological Profile Hepatitis B and C Co-Infection Burkina Faso

Relationship between the Polymorphism of the GSTP1 (rs1695) Gene and Chronic Hepatitis B Infection in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第11期11卷 94-107页

作者： Tilate Lare Lassina Traore Marie Simone Traore Sidnooma Véronique Zongo Pierre Zabre Mousso Savadogo Fortune D. Salah Herman Karim Sombie Pegdwendé Abel Sorgho Tégwindé Rebeca Compaore Tani Sagna Issoufou Tao Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah damintoti simplice karou Rogomenoma Alice Ouedraogo Teega-Wende Clarisse Ouedraogo Prosper Bado Albert Théophane Yonli Jacques Simpore Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ecole Normale Supérieure Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire-Virologie Institut National d’Hygiène Lomé Togo Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences et de Technologies/Ecole Normale Supérieure Koudougou Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast PMB Cape Coast Ghana école Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires Université de Lomé (ESTBA-UL) Lomé Togo Centre Universitaire de Gaoua Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Introduction: Genetic polymorphisms of some Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) which encode the enzyme responsible for the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, have been associated with the risk of several pathologies that can progress to cancer such as Hepatitis B. This study aims to characterize the impact of the rs1695 polymorphism of GSTP1 gene among people with chronic Hepatitis B infection in Burkina Faso. Methods: rs1695 polymorphisms of GSTP1 gene genotyping was performed for 50 people infected with chronic Hepatitis B virus and 124 healthy people with the PCR-RFLP method. Conventional PCR was used for DNA amplification and Alw26I enzyme was used for enzymatic digestion. Results: The results show that the frequencies of AA, AG and GG genotypes are respectively 31.00%, 36.80% and 32.20% in general the study population with a mutation rate of 50.57%. However, the incidence of the AA, AG and GG genotypes are respectively 30.64%, 38.71% and 30.64% among people with chronic Hepatitis B virus infection and 32.00%, 32.00% and 36.00% among healthy people. In cases, the frequencies of the A and G alleles are 48.00% and 52.00% respectively, and in controls 50.00% each. No statistical difference was found by comparing genotypic and allelic frequencies between cases and controls (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study allowed us to determine the rate of GSTP1 rs1695 genotypes in the study population, cases and controls. From our analyses, GSTP1 rs1695 is not associated to chronic Hepatitis B virus infection in Ouagadougou.

关键词： Polymorphism GSTP1 Chronic Hepatitis B Healthy People Burkina Faso

Epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of bacterial meningitis in Dapaong,northern Togo

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第11期5卷 848-852页

作者： simplice D karou Abago Balaka Mitiname Bamok Damhan Tchelougou Malki Assih Kokou Anani Kodjo Agbonoko Jacques Simpore Comlan de Souza Ecole Superieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires(ESTBA-UL) Universit de LomTogo Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA/LABIOGENE) OuagadougouBurkina Faso Faculte Mixte de Medecine et de Pharmacie(FMMP-UL) Universit de LomTogo Centre Hospitalier Regional(CHR)de Dapaong Togo

Objective:To assess the seasonality of the bacterial meningitis and the antibiotic resistance of incriminated bacteria over the last three years in the northern ***:From January 2007 to January 2010,533 cerebrospinal fluids(CSF) samples were collected from patients suspected of meningitis in the Regional Hospital of Dapaong(northern Togo).After microscopic examination,samples were cultured for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility. Results:The study included 533 patients(306 male and 227 female) aged from 1 day to 55 years [average age(13.00±2.07) years].Bacterial isolation and identification were attempted for 254/533 (47.65%) *** bacteria]species identified were:Neisseria meningitidis A(*** A)(58.27%),Neisseria meningitidis W135(N,meningitidis W135)(7.09%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(***)(26.77%),Haemophilus influenza B(*** B)(6.30%) and Enterobacteriaceae(1.57%).The results indicated that bacterial meningitis occur from November to May with a peak in February for *** and *** and March for Neisseriaceae. The distribution of positive CSF with regards to the age showed that subjects between 6 and 12 years followed by subjects of 0 to 5 years were most affected with respective frequencies of 67.82%and 56.52%(P20%for both bacterial strains),macrolides(resistance rate>30%for ***) quinolones(resistance rate>15% for *** and *** W135).Over three years,the prevalence of *** significantly increased from 8.48%to 73.33%(P<0.001),while the changes in the prevalence of *** B were not statistically significant:4.24%,vs.8.89%,(P= 0.233).Conclusions: Our results indicate that data in African countries differ depending on geographical location in relation to the African meningitis *** underlines the impo

关键词： Meningitis Bacteria Antibiotics Cerebrospinal fluid Togo

Antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,haemolytic and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from three selected Togolese medicinal plants

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第10期4卷 808-813页

作者： simplice D karou Tchadjobo Tchacondo Lassina Ouattara Kokou Anani Aly Savadogo Amegnona Agbonon Mossaclok Ben Attaia Comlan de Souza Mohsen Sakly Jacques Simpore Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur les Plantes Medicinales(CERFOPLAM) Universite de LomeTogo Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA/LABIOGENE) OuagadougouBurkina Faso Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles(CRSBAN)Universite de OuagadougouBurkina Faso Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement Facultes des Sciences de BizerteUniversite 7 Novembre a CarthageTunisTunisie

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,acute toxicity and haemolytic activities of methanolic extracts of three *** analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also carried ***:The 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyl（DPPH） free radical scavenging,NCCLS broth microdilution and Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase（pLDH） assays were used to determine antioxidant,antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities,*** assay was conducted on A+ human red blood cells and acute toxicity on male Swiss albino *** were quantitatively determined using spectrophotometric ***:The DPPH assay yielded interesting antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Parinari curatellifolia（***） and Entada africana （***）(IC50 were 0.20±0.01μg/mL and 0.47±0.01μg/mL,respectively).This activity was highly correlated with phenolic contents of *** antimicrobial tests displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations（MICs） values ranging from 0.90 to 1.80 mg/mL for Serratia marcescens （***） the most susceptible bacterial *** value was 1.20 mg/mL for susceptible fungal strains including Mucor rouxi（***）,Fusarium oxyporum（***） and Rhizopus nigricans（***）.pLDH assay showed moderate antiplasmodial activity of Balanites aegyptiaca（***）(IC50= 24.56±3.45μg/mL),however this extract was highly haemolytic and toxic in mice(LD50= 625±128mg/kg).Conclusions:Our results support in part the use of the selected plants in the treatment of microbial *** addition the plant showed interesting antioxidant activity that could be useful in the management of oxidative stress.

关键词： Antioxidant Antimicrobial Phenolics Haemolytic

In vitro antiplasmodial activity of crude extracts from Togolese medicinal plants

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第2期4卷 129-132页

作者： Koffi Koudouvo simplice D.karou Denise P.Ilboudo Kouami Kokou Kodjo Essien Kodjo Aklikokou Comlan de Souza Jacques Simpore Mensavi Gbeassor Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur les Plantes Medicinales(CERFOPLAM) Universite de LomeTogo Laboratoire de Botanique et d'Ecologie Vegetale Faculte des SciencesUniversite de LomeTogo Centre de recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Objective:To investigate the antimalarial effect of a few plants in Togo folk medicine. Methods:After ethnobotanical survey,Opilia celtidifolia,Pavetta corymbosa（***） and Tamarindus indica（***） were selected for *** vitro antimalarial tests were performed on crude extracts against fresh clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum using the semi ***:Different IC50,values of the extracts ranged from 2.042 to 100.000μg/mL. According to the results,the methanol extract of aerial part of *** followed by aqueous extract of fruit of *** were the most active(IC50 of 2.042 and 4.786μg/mL,respectively). Qualitative test revealed the presence of alkaloids in the leaves of *** that may be responsible for the activity of the ***:Our study provides scientific evidence for usage of plant in the folk medicine,and further studies are needed for identification and purification of the active principles.

关键词： Medicinal plants In vitro Screening Plasmodium falciparum

Genetic diversity of hepatitis viruses in West-African countries from 1996 to 2018

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第11期10卷 807-821页

作者： Maléki Assih Abdoul Karim Ouattara Birama Diarra Albert Theophane Yonli Tegwindé Rebeca Compaore Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma simplice karou Jacques Simpore Bioche-mistry-Microbiology CERBA/LABIOGENEOuagadougou 02006Burkina Faso Laboratoryof Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics(LABIOGENE)UFR/SVT University Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBOOuaga-dougou 00226Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape Coast 00233Ghana Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires(ESTBA-UL) Universite de LomeLome 00229Togo

The severity of hepatic pathology and the response to treatment depend on the hepatitis virus genotype in the infected host. The objective of this review was to determine the distribution of hepatitis virus genotypes in West African countries. A systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct was performed to identify 52 relevant articles reporting hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G viruses *** B virus(HBV) genotype E with a prevalence of 90.6%(95%CI: 0.891-0.920) found in this review, is characterized by low genetic diversity. Hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotypes 1 and 2 represented 96.4% of HCV infections in West African countries, while hepatitis delta virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis G virus genotypes 1 and HEV genotype 3 were reported in some studies in Ghana and Nigeria. HBV genotype E is characterized by high prevalence, low genetic diversity and wide geographical distribution. Further studies on the clinical implications of HBV genotype E and HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are needed for the development of an effective treatment against this viral hepatitis in West African countries. Surveillance of the distribution of different genotypes is also needed to reduce recombination rates and prevent the emergence of more virulent viral strains.

关键词： Hepatitis virus Mutations Genotypes Recombination West African Economic and Monetary Union