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Microbiota shaping — the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant on cognitive functions: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第39期27卷 6715-6732页

作者： simone Baldi Tiziana Mundula Giulia Nannini Amedeo Amedei Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria CareggiFlorence 50134Italy

BACKGROUND Dementia is a chronic progressive neurological disease affecting millions of people worldwide,and represents a relevant economic burden for healthcare *** its pathogenesis is still unknown,recent findings have reported that a dysregulated gut-brain axis communication,a fundamental relationship mediated by several host and microbial molecules,is associated with cognitive *** addition,gut microbiota manipulation reduces neuroinflammation,improving cognitive function by restoring the functional gut-brain *** To better define the effects of probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and fecal microbiota transplant(FMT)on cognitive *** We performed a literature search of human randomized clinical trials to examine the effects of the administration of probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,or FMT on cognition outcomes in healthy or sick people of every age,sex,and *** systematically searched Embase,Medline/PubMed,Cochrane Library,central and *** databases with a combination of comprehensive terms related to cognition and gut microbiota *** we carefully reviewed and synthesized the data by type of study design and setting,characteristics of the studied population,kind of intervention(strain type or mixture type,dosage,and frequency of administration),control treatment,inclusion and exclusion criteria,follow-up duration,and cognitive or memory *** After examining the titles and abstracts,the initial literature screening identified 995 articles,but we added 23 papers in our systematic *** analyses of these selected studies highlighted that both probiotic supplementation and FMT improved cognitive function regardless of the type and posology of administration and the adopted cognitive tests and *** found that most of the studies conducted in healthy people showed a significant positive effect of the intervention on at least one of the performed cognitive ***

关键词： Dementia Cognitive disorders Gut microbiota Probiotics Prebiotics Fecal microbiota transplant

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p38α MAPK pathway:A key factor in colorectal cancer therapy and chemoresistance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9744-9758页

作者： Valentina Grossi Alessia Peserico Tugsan Tezil Cristiano simone Division of Medical Genetics Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO)University of Bari "Aldo Moro" National Cancer Institute IRCCS Oncologico Giovanni Paolo Ⅱ Fondazione Mario Negri Sud Santa Maria Imbaro 66030 (CH)Italy

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common malignancies in the world. Although surgical resection combined with adjuvant therapy is effective at the early stages of the disease, resistance to conventional therapies is frequently observed in advanced stages, where treatments become ineffective. Resistance to cisplatin, irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy has been shown to involve mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and recent studies identified p38α MAPK as a mediator of resistance to various agents in CRC patients. Studies published in the last decade showed a dual role for the p38α pathway in mammals. Its role as a negative regulator of proliferation has been reported in both normal (including cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, hematopoietic and lung cells) and cancer cells (colon, prostate, breast, lung tumor cells). This function is mediated by the negative regulation of cell cycle progression and the transduction of some apoptotic stimuli. However, despite its anti-proliferative and tumor suppressor activity in some tissues, the p38α pathway may also acquire an oncogenic role involving cancer related-processes such as cell metabolism, invasion, inflammation and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the predominant role of the p38α MAPK pathway in CRC development and chemoresistance. In our view, this might help establish the therapeutic potential of the targeted manipulation of this pathway in clinical settings.

关键词： p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase Chemoresistance Molecularly-targeted drugs Colorectal cancer Cell death

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From blood to breath: New horizons for esophageal cancer biomarkers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第46期22卷 10077-10083页

作者： Roger Yazbeck simone E Jaenisch David I Watson Department of Surgery Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer Flinders University

Esophageal cancer is a lethal cancer encompassing adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma subtypes. The global incidence of esophageal cancer is increasing world-wide, associated with the increased prevalence of associated risk factors. The asymptomatic nature of disease often leads to late diagnosis and five-year survival rates of less than 15%. Current diagnostic tools are restricted to invasive and costly endoscopy and biopsy for histopathology. Minimally and non-invasive biomarkers of esophageal cancer are needed to facilitate earlier detection and better clinical management of patients. This paper summarises recent insights into the development and clinical validation of esophageal cancer biomarkers, focussing on circulating markers in the blood, and the emerging area of breath and odorant biomarkers.

关键词： Breath analysis Cancer Micro RNA Noninvasive Esophageal cancer Biomarker

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Slug catcher finger-type CFD simulator for two-phase flow separation

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Petroleum 2019年第2期5卷 133-140页

作者： Alessio Pierro simone Spadoni Francesco Chiappetta Francesco Ferrini Techfem SpA Italy

Slug catcher is an important and costly equipment in the up-stream assets,but is the less supported by research or commercial simulation software in terms of design and sizing *** purpose of this paper is to present a simulation model based on the open-source software for computational fluid-dynamics OpenFOAM®,which can assist during the preliminary sizing,made by the usual simplified methods,proving the fluid-dynamic behaviour and drive the process engineers to an optimum final design by checking all the expected production profiles of the related oil/gas field,for a comprehensive and safe operation all along the reservoir *** slug catcher main function is to ensure the separation of the phases within the acceptance specifications dictated by the process units of downstream CPF(Central Production Facility).The optimization of the slug catcher could allow the reduction of the equipment overall dimensions,that is essential to reduce the capital expenditure and make the installation more *** graphic output is a strong tool in the hand of engineers,following the fluid-dynamic response of the slug catcher in the gas-liquid separation section,in function of the flow pattern at the entrance and superficial velocities of the phases.

关键词： Slug separation flow

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Upstream Operations in the Oil Industry： Rigorous Modeling ofan Electrostatic Coalescer

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Engineering 2017年第2期3卷 220-231页

作者： Francesco Rossi simone Colombo Sauro Pierucci Eliseo Ranzi Flavio Manenti Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Polytechnic University of Milan Milan 20133 Italy Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-2100 USA

This paper deals with a first-principle mathematical model that describes the electrostatic coalescer unitsdevoted to the separation of water from oil in water-in-oil emulsions, which are typical of the upstreamoperations in oil fields. The main phenomena governing the behavior of the electrostatic coalescer are denscribed, starting from fundamental laws. In addition, the gradual coalescence of the emulsion droplets isconsidered in the mathematical modeling in a dynamic fashion, as the phenomenon is identified as a keystep in the overall yield of the unit operation. The resulting differential system with boundary conditionsis then integrated via performing numerical libraries, and the simulation results confirm the available lit-erature and the industrial data. A sensitivity analysis is provided with respect to the main parameters. Themathematical model results in a flexible tool that is useful for the purposes of design, unit behavior predic-tion. performance rnoniroring, and ontimization.

关键词： Upstream operations Electrostatic coalescer Desalter Rigorous modeling Water-oil emulsion

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A novel approach for manufacturing of layered,ultra-refractory composites using pliable,short fibre-reinforced ceramic sheets

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023年第1期12卷 155-168页

作者： Matteo MOR Antonio VINCI simone FAILLA Pietro GALIZIA Luca ZOLI Diletta SCITI ISSMC-CNR Institute of ScienceTechnology and Sustainability for CeramicsVia Granarolo 6448018 Faenza(RA)Italy

A new additive technique for manufacturing of short fibre-reinforced ultra-refractory ceramics is *** technique allows the fabrication of solvent-free,thin(~100µm),flexible,and easy-to-handle sheets suitable for fabricating homogeneous or layered structures.A large range of compositions,in terms of matrix and fibre volumetric contents,from 0%to 100%is *** amount of short carbon fibres incorporated in the sheets ranged from 20 to 50 vol%,whereas the fibre length ranged from 3 to 5 *** matrix composition investigated with this technique consisted of ZrB_(2)/SiC/Y_(2)O_(3).By increasing the fibre amount from 35 to 50 vol%,an improvement of mechanical properties was ***-point flexural strength(σ)ranged from 107 to 140 MPa,depending on the amount of carbon fibres(Cf).The same holds true for the work of fracture,ranging from 108 to 253 J/m^(2).Functionally graded composites were fabricated by overlapping sheets with a fibre gradient(0%-50%).

关键词： ultra-high-temperature ceramics(UHTCs) ceramic matrix composites(CMCs) short carbon fibres mechanical properties

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Molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11630-11640页

作者： Mirko Tarocchi simone Polvani Giada Marroncini Andrea Galli Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences University of Florence 50139 Florence Italy FiorGen Foundation 50139 Florence Italy

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a global public health problem with approximately 2 billion people that have been exposed to the virus. HBV is a member of a family of small, enveloped DNA viruses called hepadnaviruses, and has a preferential tropism for hepatocytes of mammals and birds. Epidemiological studies have proved a strong correlation between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). HCC is the fifth most common malignancy with about 700000 new cases each year, and more than 50% of them arise in HBV carriers. A large number of studies describe the way in which HBV can contribute to HCC development. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed, including the accumulation of genetic damage due to immune-mediated hepatic inflammation and the induction of oxidative stress. There is evidence of the direct effects of the viral proteins HBx and HBs on the cell biology. Integration of HBV-DNAinto the human genome is considered an early event in the carcinogenic process and can induce, through insertional mutagenesis, the alteration of gene expression and chromosomal instability. HBV has also epigenetic effects through the modification of the genomic methylation status. Furthermore, the virus plays an important role in the regulation of microRNA expression. This review will summarize the many mechanisms involved in HBV-related liver carcinogenesis.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatocarcino-genesis Hepatitis B Virus Chronic hepatitis B infection Cell biology

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The internal structure of the neutron:highlights from BESIII

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Science Bulletin 2022年第6期67卷 557-560页

作者： simone Pacetti Rinaldo Baldini Ferroli Andrea Bianconi Egle Tomasi-Gustafsson Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia and INFN Sezione di Perugia1-06123 PerugiaItaly Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN 1-00044 FrascatiItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione Brescia1-25133 BresciaItaly INFN Sezione di Pavia1-27100 PaviaItaly DPhN IRFUCEAUniversitéParis-Saclay1-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CedexFrance

The BESⅢCollaboration has recently published a new precise measurement of the time-like neutron form factor(FF)[1].In the light of the remarkable accuracy and of the wideness of the explored kinematical range,these data represent an unprecedented tool for highlighting and studying specific features of the neutron *** a few years ago,the only available data were those obtained by the FENICE experiment at Frascati,in the’90s[2].

关键词： BESⅢ precise

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Patient-specific instrumentation in total ankle arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第3期13卷 230-237页

作者： Antonio Mazzotti Alberto Arceri simone Zielli simone Bonelli Valentina Viglione Cesare Faldini The First Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RIzzoliBologna 40136Italy Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBologna 40136Italy

The recent increase in the adoption of total ankle arthroplasty(TAA)reflects the improvements in implant designs and surgical techniques,including the use of preoperative navigation system and patient-specific instrumentation(PSI),such as custom-made cutting *** guides are customized with respect to each patient's anatomy based on preoperative ankle computed tomography scans,and they drive the saw intra-operatively to improve the accuracy of bone resection and implant *** some promising results,the main queries in the literature are whether PSI improves the reliability of achieving neutral ankle alignment and more accurate implant sizing,whether it is actually superior over standard techniques,and whether it is cost ***,the advantages of PSI in clinical outcomes are still theoretical because the current literature does not allow to confirm its *** purpose of this review article is therefore to assess the current literature on PSI in TAA with regard to current implants with PSI,templating and preoperative planning strategies,alignment and sizing,clinical outcomes,cost analysis,and comparison with standard techniques.

关键词： Total ankle arthroplasty Total ankle replacement Patient-specific instrumentation Ankle computer navigation system Preoperative navigation Prophecy Infinity INBONE II

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Selected Secondary Plant Metabolites for Cancer Therapy

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第1期1卷 24-28页

作者： simone Fulda Thomas Efferth Institute of Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatry Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz

Secondary plant metabolites reveal numerous biological activities making them attractive as resource for drug development of human *** the majority of cancer drugs clinically established during the past half century is derived from nature, cancer researchers worldwide try to identify novel natural products as lead compounds for cancer therapy. Natural products are considered as promising cancer therapeutics,either as single agents or in combination protocols, to enhance the antitumor activity of additional therapeutic modalities. Most natural compounds exert pleotrophic effects and modulate various signal transduction pathways. A better understanding of the complex mechanisms of action of natural products is expected to open new perspectives in coming years for their use alone or in combination therapies in *** major strategies to identify novel drug candidates from nature are the bioactivity-guided fractionation of medicinal plant extracts to isolate cytotoxic chemicals and the identification of small molecules inhibiting specific targets in cancer cells. In the present review, we report on our own efforts to unravel the molecular modes of action of phytochemicals in cancer cells and focus on resveratrol, betulinic acid,artesunate, dicentrine and camptothecin derivatives.

关键词： Apoptosis Bioactivity-guided fractionation Drug development Drug resistance Epidermal growth factor receptor Phytochemicals Targeted tumor therapy

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