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Injecting drug use: A vector for the introduction of new hepatitis C virus genotypes

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第38期21卷 10811-10823页

作者： simona ruta Costin Cernescu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotypes' monitoring allows real-time insight into the dynamic changes that occur in the global epidemiological picture of HCV infection. Intravenous drug use is currently the primary driver for HCV transmission in developed and developing countries. The distribution of HCV genotypes/subtypes differs significantly between people who inject drugs(PWID) and the general population. HCV genotypes that previously exhibited a limited geographical distribution(3a,4) are becoming more prevalent in this high-risk group. Immigration from HCV-endemic countries and the evolving networks of HCV transmission in PWID influence HCV genotypes distribution in Europe. Social vulnerabilities(e.g.,unemployment,homelessness,and limited access to social and healthcare insurances systems) are important triggers for illicit drug use,which increases the associated risks of HCV infection and the frequent emergence of less prevalent genotypes. Genotype/subtype determination bears important clinical consequences in the progression of liver disease,susceptibility to antiviral therapies and the emergence of resistance-associated variants. An estimated half of the chronically HCV-infected PWID are unaware of their infection,and only one in ten of those diagnosed enter treatment. Nevertheless,PWID exhibit high response rates to new antiviral regimens,and the level of HCV reinfection is unexpectedly low. The focus of the healthcare system must be on the early detection and treatment of infection,to avoid late presentations that are associated with high levels of viremia and liver fibrosis,which may diminish the therapeutic success rate.

关键词： Hepatitis C Hepatitis C virus genotypes Intravenou

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Circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for hepatitis B virus liver fibrosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第11期26卷 1113-1127页

作者： Diana Gabriela Iacob Adelina Rosca simona Maria ruta Infectious Diseases Department "Carol Davila"University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest 050474Romania Bucharest Emergency University Hospital Bucharest 050098Romania Virology Department Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest 050474Romania Viral Emerging Diseases Department Stefan S.Nicolau Institute of VirologyBucharest 030304Romania

Viruses can alter the expression of host microRNAs(miRNA s) and modulate the immune response during a persistent infection. The dysregulation of host miRNA s by hepatitis B virus(HBV) contributes to the proinflammatory and profibrotic changes within the liver. Multiple studies have documented the differential regulation of intracellular and circulating miRNA s during different stages of HBV infection. Circulating miRNA s found in plasma and/or extracellular vesicles can integrate data on viral-host interactions and on the associated liver injury. Hence, the detection of circulating miRNA s in chronic HBV hepatitis could offer a promising alternative to liver biopsy, as their expression is associated with HBV replication, the progression of liver fibrosis,and the outcome of antiviral treatment. The current review explores the available data on miRNA involvement in HBV pathogenesis with an emphasis on their potential use as biomarkers for liver fibrosis.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus MicroRNA Noncoding RNA Liver fibrosis Viral hepatitis Non-invasive biomarkers Extracellular vesicles Hepatitis management

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Impact of hepatitis C virus core mutations on the response to interferon-based treatment in chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第37期22卷 8406-8413页

作者： Camelia Sultana Gabriela Oprisan Monica Delia Teleman Sorin Dinu HepGen 88/2012 Project Team Cristiana Oprea Mihai Voiculescu simona ruta Virology Discipline Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Emergent Diseases Department Stefan S.Nicolau Institute of Virology Faculty of Pharmacy Titu Maiorescu University Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory NIRDMI Cantacuzino Department of Microbiology and Epidemiology Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Fundeni Institute

AIM To determine whether hepatitis C virus(HCV) core substitutions play a role in the response to interferon-based treatment in Caucasian patients. METHODS One hundred eight HCV chronically infected patients initiating treatment with pegylated IFN plus ribavirin for 48 wk were tested for baseline substitutions at codons 70 and 91 of the viral core protein(Big Dye Terminator vers.3.1, Applied Biosystems,) and for genetic polymorphisms in host IL28 B gene rs12979860(Custom TaqM an 5' allelic discrimination assay; Applied Biosystems).RESULTS Of the patients, all were infected with HCV genotype 1b, 44.4% had low baseline HCV viral load, and 37.9% had mild/moderate fibrosis. Only 38.9% achieved therapeutic success, defined as sustained virological response(SVR). Eighty-eight percent of the patients presented at least one substitution at core position 70(R70Q/H) or/and position 91(L91M). The favorable IL28 B CC polymorphism was detected in only 17.6% of the patients. In the univariate analysis, young age(P < 0.001), urban residence(P = 0.004), IL28 B CC genotype(P < 0.001), absence of core mutations(P = 0.005), achievement of rapid virologic response(P < 0.001) and early virological response(P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with SVR. A multivariate analysis revealed three independent predictors of therapeutic success: young age(P < 0.001), absence of core substitutions(P = 0.04) and IL28 B CC genotype(P < 0.001); the model correctly classified 75.9% of SVR cases with a positive predictive value of 80.7%. CONCLUSION HCV core mutations can help distinguish between patients who can still benefit from the affordable IFNbased therapy from those who must be treated with DAAs to prevent the evolution towards end-stage liver disease.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C Caucasian patients Core substitutions IL28B polymorphism Treatment

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