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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Refractive Errors among University Students at Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第3期14卷 324-338页

作者： Denis Kamara John Onyango simon Arunga Mwanja Pius Pliers Denis Tusingwire Mary Assumpta Ayoo Eric Ronald Mulongo Barnabas Atwiine Department of Ophthalmology Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara City Uganda College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London England Faculty of Business and Development Studies Gulu University Gulu Uganda College of Health Sciences Lira University Lira Uganda

Introduction: WHO estimated that uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment and second leading cause of blindness globally. University students are prone to developing refractive errors due to their curriculum that requires a lot of near work affecting their performance and quality of life unknowingly. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development of refractive errors. This study addresses the paucity of knowledge about refractive errors among university students in East Africa, providing a foundation for further research. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with refractive errors among students in the Faculty of Medicine at Mbarara University of Science and Technology. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study in which 368 undergraduate students selected using random sampling were assessed for refractive errors from March 2021-July 2021. Eligible participants were recruited and their VA assessment done after answering a questionnaire. Students whose VA improved on pin hole had subjective retinoscopy and results were compiled and imported to STATA 14 for analysis. Results: The prevalence of refractive errors was 26.36% with (95% CI) among university students especially myopia. Myopia is most predominant at 60%, followed by 37% Astigmatism and hyperopia of 3% among medical students. Astigmatism consisted of largely myopic astigmatism 72% (26) and 28% (10) compound/mixed astigmatism only. Student positive family history of refractive error was found to have a statistically significant relationship with refractive errors with AOR 1.68 (1.04 - 2.72) (95% CI) and P (0.032). Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive errors among university students, especially myopia, was found to be high and family history was associated with students having refractive errors.

关键词： Refractive Errors Prevalence Myopia Astigmatism Hyperopia Hypermetropia University Students Blindness Visual Impairment

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Mobility of Major and Trace Elements during the Bauxitization Processes in Ngaoundal Area (Adamawa Cameroon): Implication on Mining Perspectives

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第1期14卷 81-100页

作者： André Sini Harouna Boukari Ondoa Augustin Désiré Balla Djetenbe Beral Salomon Wangmené Awé simon Djakba Basga Jean Pierre Nguetnkam Department of Mining Engineering School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Mining Engineering and Environment School of Mining Industry and Geology University of Abdou-Moumouni Niamey Niger Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Mining Engineering Saint Jerome Polytechnic Saint Jerome Catholic University Institute of Douala Douala Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Garoua Cameroon

This study was focused to assess major and trace elements in bauxitic duricrusts from Ngaoundal and its surroundings in order to establish their mining interest. To this end, fieldworks, mineralogical and geochemical analyses were carried out. Four facies of duricrust were identified and characterized from the summit to the top of the slope of the Ngaoundal mountain: scoriaceous, pisolitic, nodular and massive. Mineralogical and geochemical analyses performed on 16 samples, revealed a significant concentration of Al2O3 mainly in the scoriaceous facies (over 45% in grade), moderate in Fe2O3 (averaging 23.69%) and SiO2 (averaging 21.7%). Trace elements were generally low, excluding Cr (421 ppm on average), Zr (327 ppm on average and V (213 ppm on average). In addition, the limited quantities of alkalis (Na2O, K2O) and alkaline earths metals (MgO, CaO) coupled with the very high values of Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) and Mineralogical Index of Alteration (MIA), (more than 99%) attest to the intense weathering of the studied materials. Allitization and monosiallitization constituted the crystallochemical phenomena that have led to the development of bauxitic minerals. More than 90% of gibbsite in scoriaceous facies, 52.21% - 76.01% of kaolinite in pisolitic facies and more than 40% of hematite in nodular facies were quantified. The relationships between the constitutive components indicated their interdependency during the bauxitization phenomenon. The mineralogical and geochemical properties highlighted the mining interest of the studied duricrusts to be valorized.

关键词： Duricrust Bauxitization Phenomenon Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization Major and Trace Elements Mining Potential

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Predictors of survival in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第9期16卷 1269-1277页

作者： Dujinthan Jayabalan Yi Huang Luis Calzadilla-Bertot Malik Janjua Bastiaan de Boer John Joseph Wendy Cheng simon Hazeldine Briohny W Smith Gerry C MacQuillan Michael C Wallace George Garas Leon A Adams Gary P Jeffrey Medical School University of Western AustraliaNed-lands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Hepatology Sir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Anatomical Pathology PathWest Laboratory MedicineNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Perth HospitalPerth 6000Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Fiona Stanley HospitalMurdoch 6150Western AustraliaAustralia Medical School University of Western AustraliaNedl-ands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia

BACKGROUND Survival in patients with autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes(AILDOS)compared to those with single autoimmune liver disease is *** To investigate the survival of patients with AILDOS and assess the accuracy of non-invasive serum models for predicting liver-related *** Patients with AILDOS were defined as either autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis overlap(AIH-PBC)or autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap(AIH-PSC)and were identified from three tertiary centres for this cohort ***-related death or transplantation(liver-related mortality)was determined using a population-based data linkage *** scores for liver-related death were compared for accuracy[including liver outcome score(LOS),Hepascore,Mayo Score,model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score and MELD incorporated with serum sodium(MELD-Na)score].RESULTS Twenty-two AILDOS patients were followed for a median of 3.1 years(range,0.35-7.7).Fourteen were female,the median age was 46.7 years(range,17.8 to 82.1)and median Hepascore was 1(range,0.07-1).At five years post enrolment,57%of patients remained free from liver-related mortality(74%AIH-PBC,27%AIH-PSC).There was no significant difference in survival between AIH-PBC and *** was a significant predictor of liver-related mortality(P<0.05)in patients with AIH-PBC(n=14)but not AIH-PSC(n=8).A LOS cut-point of 6 discriminated liver-related mortality in AIH-PBC patients(P=0.012,log-rank test,100%sensitivity,77.8%specificity)(Harrell's C-statistic 0.867).The MELD score,MELD-Na score and Mayo Score were not predictive of liver-related mortality in any *** Survival in the rare,AILDOS is *** current study supports the LOS as a predictor of liver-related mortality in AIH-PBC *** trials investigating predictors of survival in AILDOS are required.

关键词： Autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes Liver outcome score Liver-related death Hepascore Autoimmune hepatitis Primary biliary cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis

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M+博物馆

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世界建筑导报 2024年第3期39卷 96-99页

作者： Virgile simon Bertrand(摄) Kevin Mak(摄) 不详

M+博物馆是西九文化区的一大文化中心,为20世纪和21世纪的艺术、设计、建筑和动态影像的展示场所。仅仅20年前,西九文化区所处之地还是海港的一部分。一块接一块地填海造地,将天然港湾改造成为陆地。现在,这片人工填海的土地是西九文化... 详细信息

M+博物馆是西九文化区的一大文化中心,为20世纪和21世纪的艺术、设计、建筑和动态影像的展示场所。仅仅20年前,西九文化区所处之地还是海港的一部分。一块接一块地填海造地,将天然港湾改造成为陆地。现在,这片人工填海的土地是西九文化区新建筑的建设场地。有意思的是,恰好是另一项曾被视为场地规划的阻碍工程,即机场快线的地下隧道,定义了这片区域的特殊性,成为M+博物馆项目设计的起点。

关键词：文化区场地规划建设场地填海造地动态影像博物馆地下隧道 21世纪

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A system-on-chip microwave photonic processor solves dynamic RF interference in real time with picosecond latency

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 91-102页

作者： Weipeng Zhang Joshua C.Lederman Thomas Ferreira de Lima Jiawei Zhang simon Bilodeau Leila Hudson Alexander Tait Bhavin J.Shastri Paul R.Prucnal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton UniversityPrinceton08544NJUSA NEC Laboratories America Princeton08540NJUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonK7L 3N6OntarioCanada Department of Physics Engineering Physics and AstronomyQueen’s UniversityKingstonK7L 3N6OntarioCanada

Radio-frequency interference is a growing concern as wireless technology advances,with potentially life-threatening consequences like interference between radar altimeters and 5 G cellular *** transceivers mix signals with varying ratios over time,posing challenges for conventional digital signal processing(DSP)due to its high *** challenges will worsen as future wireless technologies adopt higher carrier frequencies and data ***,conventional DSPs,already on the brink of their clock frequency limit,are expected to offer only marginal speed *** paper introduces a photonic processor to address dynamic interference through blind source separation(BSS).Our system-on-chip processor employs a fully integrated photonic signal pathway in the analogue domain,enabling rapid demixing of received mixtures and recovering the signal-of-interest in under 15 *** reduction in latency surpasses electronic counterparts by more than three orders of *** complement the photonic processor,electronic peripherals based on field-programmable gate array(FPGA)assess the effectiveness of demixing and continuously update demixing weights at a rate of up to 305 *** compact setup features precise dithering weight control,impedance-controlled circuit board and optical fibre packaging,suitable for handheld and mobile *** experimentally demonstrate the processor’s ability to suppress transmission errors and maintain signal-to-noise ratios in two scenarios,radar altimeters and mobile *** work pioneers the real-time adaptability of integrated silicon photonics,enabling online learning and weight adjustments,and showcasing practical operational applications for photonic processing.

关键词： processor mixing dynamic

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Analysis of the Quality of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Groundwater in Three Localities in the Sub-Prefecture of Zanzra (Ivory Coast)

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期12卷 1-17页

作者： Djedjess Essoh Jules-César Meledje Bi Irié Marc Gouli Drissa Ouattara Kra Vanh Eric-simon Zran Adjourma Konate Albert Trokourey Laboratoire de Chimie des Eaux (LCE) de l’ Ecole Normale Sup&#233rieure d&#8217Abidjan Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Laboratoire de Constitution et Ré action de la Mati&#232re (LCRM) &#224 l&#8217UFR SSMT-Universit&#233 F&#233lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny (UFHB) de Cocody Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

The availability of groundwater of acceptable quality has become a difficult challenge to meet in many countries, particularly Côte d’Ivoire. The State of Côte d’Ivoire and rural populations are building hydraulic infrastructure for this purpose. However, the quality of water coming from these infrastructures remains to be determined. This study therefore aims to analyze certain physicochemical parameters of the groundwater of Gloazra, Kouezra and Trahonfla. These are temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity level, hardness, alkalinity, chloride content and bicarbonate. To determine the pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, TDS, and salinity rate, an electrochemical analysis was carried out. The titrimetric analysis made it possible to determine the chloride and bicarbonate content, alkalinity, and hardness. The results indicate that the studied groundwater is soft and acidic with good mineralization. This water does not present a health hazard to consumers but can affect hydraulic equipment and household containers.

关键词： Ivory Coast Gloazra Trahonfla Kouezra Physicochemical Parameters Water WHO Standards

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Floristic Composition, Population Structure, and Recruitment Status of Plant Species: A Case Study of Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration Practices in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第2期14卷 141-154页

作者： simon Kosgei Choge Samson Okoth Ojunga Dub Isacko Dokata William Kimen Chepkirui Justus Musau Faith Milkah Muniale Ivan Kiplagat Kiptui Kenya Forestry Research Institute-Rift Valley Eco-Region Research Program Marigat Kenya Kenya Forestry Research Institute-Lake Victoria Eco-Region Research Program Kisumu Kenya Kenya Forestry Research Institute-Rift Valley Eco-Region Research Program Londiani Kenya CRIFSUP Project World Vision Kenya Nairobi Kenya

The technique of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) is being promoted as a cost-effective approach for restoring degraded arable dry lands. Its effectiveness has been observed in many countries across the globe, where it is a traditional practice, and is now being encouraged across the African continent. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of FMNR on floristic Composition, Vegetation Structure, and Regeneration Status of woody Plant Species in the severely degraded Central Rift, Kenya. The study systematically assessed how FMNR influenced species composition, vegetation structure and regeneration status from two sample plots involved in FMNR practices. Transect lines and quadrats methods were utilized to collect data, specifically regarding the floristic composition, vegetation structure, and regeneration status of woody plant species. Quadrats and sub-quadrats of varying sizes (10 m by 10 m, 5 m by 5 m, and 1 m by 1 m) were nested along the transect lines for data collection. Furthermore, measurements of tree growth and development, including root collar diameter, diameter at breast height (D130) and heights within the study blocks, were taken. The data was then analyzed using R-software. Results showed a marked progressive increase in numbers of trees, saplings, seedlings, shrubs and herbs in all FMNR sites and reductions in all non-FMNR sites. The study advocates for widespread promotion of the FMNR practice both as an environmental conservation and restoration strategy.

关键词： Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration FMNR Floristic Composition Vegetation Structure Regeneration Biodiversity

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阿司匹林治疗代谢功能障碍相关无肝硬化脂肪变性肝病患者的临床研究

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中国临床药理学杂志 2024年第10期40卷 1540-1540页

作者： simon T G 吴焕贤

本研究是为期6个月的Ⅱ期临床试验,按照随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验设计。受试者年龄在18至70岁之间,患有已确诊的非肝硬化代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎(metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,MASLD)。受试者... 详细信息

本研究是为期6个月的Ⅱ期临床试验,按照随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验设计。受试者年龄在18至70岁之间,患有已确诊的非肝硬化代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎(metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,MASLD)。受试者随机分组(1:1),接受每日一次的阿司匹林81mg口服(n=40),或相同的安慰剂(n=40),持续6个月。

关键词：临床试验设计安慰剂对照 Ⅱ期临床试验脂肪变性阿司匹林治疗脂肪性肝炎代谢功能障碍肝病患者

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