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Corrosion Behavior of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy in Highly Alkaline Environment

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第4期30卷 367-375页

作者： Somi Doja Lukas Bichler simon Fan School of Engineering University of British ColumbiaOkanagan 3333 University Way Kelowna BC V1V 1VTCanada ZincNyx Energy Solutions Vancouver BC V6P 6T3 Canada

Industrial components made with a magnesium-aluminum alloy AZ31 are often used in diverse engineering applications where component weight, strength, and durability are critical. Similarly as other Mg alloys, however, the AZ31 is susceptible to corrosion in alkaline environments. In this work, corrosion of commercial grade AZ31 alloy plate was examined in potassium hydroxide （KOH） using immersion and potentiodynamic studies. The results suggest that the concentration of A1 and Mn in the alloy may govern the kinetics of micro-galvanic corrosion and the initiation of corrosion pits. Further, trace amounts of Ni in the AZ31 alloy were seen to enable formation of Ni（OH）2 surface layer, which may have further accelerated alloy corrosion due to its cracking and void coalescence. The effect of pH on the corrosion behavior of AZ31 was studied with reference to Pourbaix diagrams.

关键词： Magnesium alloy AZ31 KOH

Term-Dependent Confidence Normalisation for Out-of-Vocabulary Spoken Term Detection

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2012年第2期27卷 358-375页

作者： Javier Tejedo simon King Joe Frankel Centre for Speech Technology Research University of Edinburgh10 Crichton Street Human Computer Technology Laboratory (HCTLab) School of Computer Engineering and Telecommunication University Autonomous of MadridAvenue Francisco Tomás y Valiente 1128049MadridSpain

An important component of a spoken term detection （STD） system involves estimating confidence measures of hypothesised detections.A potential problem of the widely used lattice-based confidence estimation,however,is that the confidence scores are treated uniformly for all search terms,regardless of how much they may differ in terms of phonetic or linguistic *** problem is particularly evident for out-of-vocabulary （OOV） terms which tend to exhibit high intra-term *** address the impact of term diversity on confidence measures,we propose in this work a term-dependent normalisation technique which compensates for term diversity in confidence *** first derive an evaluation-metric-oriented normalisation that optimises the evaluation metric by compensating for the diverse occurrence rates among terms,and then propose a linear bias compensation and a discriminative compensation to deal with the bias problem that is inherent in lattice-based confidence measurement and from which the Term Specific Threshold （TST） approach *** tested the proposed technique on speech data from the multi-party meeting domain with two state-ofthe-art STD systems based on phonemes and words *** experimental results demonstrate that the confidence normalisation approach leads to a significant performance improvement in STD,particularly for OOV terms with phonemebased systems.

关键词： confidence estimation discriminative model spoken term detection speech recognition

Dissection of gene function at clonal level using mosaic analysis with double markers

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第6期8卷 557-568页

作者： simon HIPPENMEYER ISTAustria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria) Am Campus 1 A-3400 Klosterneuburg Austria

MADM （Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers） technology offers a genetic approach in mice to visualize and concomitantly manipulate genetically defined cells at clonal level and single cell resolution. MADM employs Cre recombinase/loxP-dependent interchromosomal mitotic recombination to reconstitute two split marker genes--green GFP and red tdTomato -- and can label sparse clones of homozygous mutant cells in one color and wild-type cells in the other color in an otherwise unlabeled background. At present, major MADM applications include lineage tracing, single cell labeling, conditional knockouts in small populations of cells and induction of uniparental chromosome disomy to assess effects of genomic imprinting. MADM can be applied universally in the mouse with the sole limitation being the specificity of the promoter controlling Cre recombinase expression. Here I review recent developments and extensions of the MADM technique and give an overview of the major discoveries and progresses enabled by the implementation of the novel genetic MADM tools.

关键词： MADM genetic mosaic clonal analysis lineage tracing neural development genomic imprinting

Axisymmetric alternating direction explicit scheme for efficient coupled simulation of hydro-mechanical interaction in geotechnical engineering-Application to circular footing and deep tunnel in saturated ground

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第2期10卷 259-279页

作者： simon Heru Prassetyo Marte Gutierrez Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenUSA Mining Engineering Program Institut Teknologi BandungBandungIndonesia

Explicit solution techniques have been widely used in geotechnical engineering for simulating the coupled hydro-mechanical(H-M) interaction of fluid flow and deformation induced by structures built above and under saturated ground, i.e. circular footing and deep tunnel. However, the technique is only conditionally stable and requires small time steps, portending its inefficiency for simulating large-scale H-M problems. To improve its efficiency, the unconditionally stable alternating direction explicit(ADE)scheme could be used to solve the flow problem. The standard ADE scheme, however, is only moderately accurate and is restricted to uniform grids and plane strain flow conditions. This paper aims to remove these drawbacks by developing a novel high-order ADE scheme capable of solving flow problems in nonuniform grids and under axisymmetric conditions. The new scheme is derived by performing a fourthorder finite difference(FD) approximation to the spatial derivatives of the axisymmetric fluid-diffusion equation in a non-uniform grid configuration. The implicit Crank-Nicolson technique is then applied to the resulting approximation, and the subsequent equation is split into two alternating direction sweeps,giving rise to a new axisymmetric ADE scheme. The pore pressure solutions from the new scheme are then sequentially coupled with an existing geomechanical simulator in the computer code fast Lagrangian analysis of continua(FLAC). This coupling procedure is called the sequentially-explicit coupling technique based on the fourth-order axisymmetric ADE scheme or SEA-4-AXI. Application of SEA-4-AXI for solving axisymmetric consolidation of a circular footing and of advancing tunnel in deep saturated ground shows that SEA-4-AXI reduces computer runtime up to 42%-50% that of FLAC’s basic scheme without numerical instability. In addition, it produces high numerical accuracy of the H-M solutions with average percentage difference of only 0.5%-1.8%.

关键词： Hydro-mechanical(H-M) interaction Explicit coupling technique Alternating direction explicit(ADE) scheme High-order finite difference(FD) Non-uniform grid Axisymmetric consolidation Circular footing Deep tunnel in saturated ground

Light quality and temperature effects on antirrhinum growth and development

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第2期6卷 119-124页

作者： KHATTAK Abdul Mateen PEARSON simon Department of Horticulture Marks and Spenser Public Limited Company NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar Pakistan Michael House Baker Street London WIA IDN UK

An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of light quality on the growth and development of antirrhinum under three different temperatures 19℃, 24℃ and 27℃ in glasshouses. Five different colour filters (i.e. 'Red absorbing', 'Blue absorbing', 'Blue and Red absorbing' and two 'partially Blue absorbing' materials) were tested, with one clear polythene as a control. Plant height, internode length and leaf area were significantly affected by the spectral filters as well as the *** of color filter's effect on presumed photoreceptors to exist indicated that antirrhinum plant height was regulated by the action of a blue acting photoreceptor (BAP) and not the phytochrome. There was no evidence for an effect ofphytochrome or BAP on time to flowering, however, increasing temperature levels effectively decreased the time to flowering. To predict the effects of different spectral qualities and temperature, simple models were created from data on plant height, internode length and time to flowering. These models were then applied to simulate the potential benefits of spectral filters and temperature in manipulation of growth control and flowering in antirrhinum.

关键词： Antirrhinum Light quality Temperature Spectral filters Photoreceptors

The Plastics Industry:Worldwide and European Overview

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塑料工业 2013年第S1期41卷 34-52页

作者： Hubert simon ISO/TC(Plastics)

Screening for Osmotic Stress Responses in Rice Varieties under Drought Condition

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Rice science 2017年第5期24卷 253-263页

作者： simon SWAPNA Korukkanvilakath Samban SHYLARAJ Rice Research Station Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Kerala Agricultural University Vyttila Ernakulam 682019Kerala India

Drought is the major abiotic stress factor that limits rice production *** evaluate the osmotic stress responses in rice varieties under drought condition,a total of 42 high-yielding rice varieties were collected from various research stations of Kerala Agricultural University in *** experimental setup comprises of initial hydroponic treatments at different osmotic potentials,artificially induced by desired strengths of polyethylene glycol(PEG6000),and followed by the pot planted experiments in the *** activities of antioxidant enzymes,relative water content,cell membrane stability,photosynthetic pigments,proline content,along with plant growth parameters of the varieties under drought condition were ***,the standard scores of these rice varieties were assessed under stress and recovery conditions based on the scoring scale of the Standard Evaluation System for *** the 42 rice varieties,we identified 2 rice varieties,Swarnaprabha and Kattamodan,with less leaf rolling,better drought recovery ability as well as relative water content,increased membrane stability index,osmolyte accumulation,and antioxidant enzyme activities pointed towards their degree of tolerance to drought *** positive adaptive responses of these rice varieties towards drought stress can be used in the genetic improvement of rice drought resistance breeding program.

关键词： drought resistance rice antioxidant enzyme osmolyte relative water content

Effect of surface loading on the hydro-mechanical response of a tunnel in saturated ground

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Underground Space 2016年第1期1卷 1-19页

作者： simon Heru Prassetyo Marte Gutierrez Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA

The design of underground spaces in urban areas must account not only for the current overburden load but also for future surface loads,such as from construction of high-rise buildings above underground *** saturated ground,the surface load will generate an additional mechanical response through stress changes and ground displacement,as well as a hydraulic response through pore pressure *** hydro-mechanical(H-M)changes can severely influence tunnel *** paper examines the effect of surface loading on the H-M response of a typical horseshoe-shaped tunnel in saturated *** tunnel models were created in the computer code Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua(FLAC).One model represented weak and low permeability ground(stiff clay),and the other represented strong and high permeability ground(weathered granite).Each of the models was run under two liner permeabilities:permeable and *** main cases were *** Case 1,the surface load was applied 10 years after tunnel *** Case 2,the surface load was applied after the steady state pore pressure condition was *** simulation results show that tunnels with impermeable liners experienced the most severe influence from the surface loading,with high pore pressures,large inward displacement around the tunnels,and high bending moments in the *** addition,the severity of the response increased toward steady *** induced H-M response was worse for tunnels in clay than for those in ***,the long-term liner stabilities in Case 1 and Case 2 were similar,indicating that the influence of the length of time between when the tunnel was completed and when the surface load was applied was *** findings suggest that under surface loading,in addition to the ground strength,tunnel stability in saturated ground is largely influenced by liner permeability and the long-term H-M response of the ground.

关键词： Surface loading Hydro-mechanical response Urban tunnels Saturated ground

Personalized medicine:Clinical oncology on molecular view of treatment

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第8期15卷 992-1001页

作者： Rafick Costa Dos Santos Da Silva Nathalia de Andrade simon AndréAlves Dos Santos Gabriel De Melo Olegário Jayne Ferreira Da Silva Naide Oliveira Sousa Manuel Alvarez Troncoso Corbacho Fabrício Freire de Melo Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde Universidade Federal da BahiaVitória Da Conquista 45029-094BahiaBrazil

Cancer,the second leading global cause of death,impacts both physically and *** treatments such as surgeries,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy have adverse effects,driving the need for more precise *** medicine enables more targeted *** mapping,alongside other molecular biology approaches,identifies specific genes,contributing to accurate *** review addresses,in clinical use,a molecular perspective on *** like alpha-fetoprotein,beta-human chorionic gonadotropin,5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid,programmed death-1,and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 are explored,providing valuable ***,with an emphasis on artificial intelligence,revolutionizes the analysis of biological data,offering more accurate *** like liquid biopsy are emphasized for early *** medicine guides therapeutic strategies based on the molecular characteristics of the tumor,as evidenced in the molecular subtypes of breast *** allow personalized treatments,highlighting the role of trastuzumab and endocrine *** the benefits,challenges persist,including high costs,tumor heterogeneity,and ethical *** obstacles requires collaboration,ensuring that advances in molecular biology translate into accessible benefits for all.

关键词： Oncology Neoplasia Molecular biology Personalized medicine Molecular Markers Cancer