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The acceleration of aging and Alzheimer’s disease through the biological mechanisms behind obesity and type II diabetes

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Health 2013年第5期5卷 913-920页

作者： Ian James Martins Wei Ling Florence Lim Andrea C. Wilson simon M. laws Ralph Nigel Martins Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences Edith Cowan University Joondalup Australia

The incidence of diabetes is predicted to increase to 21% by 2050. Currently, one third of US adults are obese and over 11% of these individuals have diabetes. Due to the growing need for therapeutic intervention to control and/or stabilize this increase in the incidence of diabetes in Western communities, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the association between obesity and Type 2 diabetes has become increasingly important to diabetes research. The increased cell senescence associated with diabetes has been associated with the limited ability of cells to divide, with indication of telomere shortening and genomic instability of the cells. Obese individuals have shorter telomeres suggesting an inverse relationship between adiposity and telomere length. The implication that Type 2 diabetes has on biological aging is of particular interest since telomere shortening in obesity and diabetes has been associated with an early risk for dementia and even progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lifestyle, nutrition and longevity are closely related and cellular senescence has been associated with telomere shortening and connected to longevity. Diet, cholesterol lowering drugs and exercise that control food intake and glucose tolerance in aging and diabetic individuals, via connections between liver circadian clocks and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain, also have been shown to alter telomere lengths. Lifestyle interventions, such as diets low in fat and exercise, target the rise in obesity and associated telomere shortening by delaying or preventing the onset of Type 2 diabetes. The implementation of these anti-aging therapies early in life may prevent calorie overload and activation of calorie sensitive genes such as Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1). This may maintain telomere length and the control of obesity, which is linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and accelerates aging and AD.

关键词： Telomere Sirtuin 1 Lifestyle Nutrition Diabetes Obesity Alzheimer’s Disease

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家的城堡广州荔枝园住宅区

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室内设计与装修 2014年第5期 66-73页

作者： simon laws Louise Martin-Chew coco

位于广州更合镇的荔枝园实际上并不是一所独立的小住宅。它是一个庇护所，是远在中国工作的14位英国家具公司职员的住宅和生活区。这个生活区靠近公司所在的工业区，毗邻一个蔬菜瓜果园。它的周围是珠江三角洲最平常的农村。它是在这里... 详细信息

位于广州更合镇的荔枝园实际上并不是一所独立的小住宅。它是一个庇护所，是远在中国工作的14位英国家具公司职员的住宅和生活区。这个生活区靠近公司所在的工业区，毗邻一个蔬菜瓜果园。它的周围是珠江三角洲最平常的农村。它是在这里工作的外籍人士的住宅中心和小型社区。

关键词：住宅区荔枝园广州城堡蔬菜瓜果园珠江三角洲家具公司生活区

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Sirtuin-1 mediates the obesity induced risk of common degenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s disease, coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes

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Health 2012年第12期4卷 1448-1456页

作者： Ian James Martins Andrea. C. Wilson Wei Ling Florence Lim simon. M. laws Stephanie. J. Fuller Ralph Nigel Martins Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences Edith Cowan University Perth Australia McCusker Alzheimer’s Research Foundation Hollywood Medical Centre Perth Australia School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences The University of Western Australia Perth Australia

Obesity, especially at mid-life, is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, which in turn contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD), Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The rise in overweight and obesity in all societies is prompting intense research into the causes and effects of the condition. Obesity disrupts many body systems including glucose and lipid metabolism, circadian rhythms and liver function. It also causes or increases inflammation and oxidative stress. Within cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) appears to be particularly susceptible to such metabolic disruption. Sirtuin 1?(Sirt1) and leptin have received attention recently as they are central regulatory factors for the body’s metabolic pathways which interact at particular levels, for example lipid and Abeta metabolism. This mini-review discusses recent findings concerning obesity, lipid metabolism and the role of Sirtuin 1 and how all influence the ER. A greater understanding of obesity and its effects on metabolic control systems of the body are required, to develop pharmacological, dietary and lifestyle changes that will reduce the incidence of CAD, Type 2 diabetes and AD.

关键词： Obesity Sirtuin 1 Alzheimer’s Disease Cardiovascular Disease Diabetes

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Health and nursing policies,laws and in-service,governance and management,nursing leadership

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2017年第4期4卷 339-340页

作者： simon Hlungwani Democratic Nursing Organisation of South Africa South Africa

***·South Africa is situated at the Apex of the African Continent·The last country to be liberated in Africa,in 1994·Population of 51 million·4.2 million foreign nationals from around SADC·Dominated by rural Areas *** policies *** of parliament·The Constitutional of the Republic of South Africa·Bill of Rights·National Health Act,2003(Act No.61 of 20013)·Nursing Act,2005(Act No 33 of 2005)·Mental Health Act·Pharmacy Act *** health policies·Policy on Primary Health Care·Policy on Maternal and Child Health·Policy guideline of School Health Services·Policy on Nurse Initiated and Managed Anti-Retroviral Treat-ment(NIMART)·Nursing Strategy *** strategy Objectives to:·Promote and maintain a high standard and quality of nursing and midwifery education and training;·Enhance and maintain professionalism and professional ethos amongst members of the nursing and midwifery professions;·Promote and maintain an enabling,well-resourced and positive practice environment for nursing,midwifery and patients/cli-ents throughout the lifespan;·Enable strong leadership at all levels of nursing and midwifery practice;·Guide the production of sufficient numbers and the appropriate categories of nurses required to deliver healthcare services within the policy framework for the healthcare system.

关键词： nursing nurse Pharmacy

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Learning Matter:Materials Design with Machine Learning andAtomistic Simulations

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第3期3卷 343-357页

作者： simon Axelrod Daniel Schwalbe-Koda Somesh Mohapatra James Damewood Kevin P.Greenman Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139United States

CONSPECTUS:Designing new materials is vital for addressing pressing societal challenges in health,energy,and *** combination of physicochemical laws and empirical trial and error has long guided material design,but this approach is limited by the cost of experiments and the difficulty of deriving complex guiding *** space of hypothetical materials to be considered is incredibly large,and only a small fraction of possible compounds can ever be tested *** computational techniques of atomistic simulation and machine learning(ML)offer an avenue to rapidly invent new materials and navigate this enormous ***,they can be used to infer complex design principles and identify high-quality candidates more rapidly than trial-and-error *** this Account,we review our group’s recent contributions to simulation and ML for materials *** begin by discussing the numerical representation of materials for use in *** can be produced through deterministic algorithms,learnable encodings,or physics-based methods and lead to vector,graph,and matrix *** describe how these different approaches offer distinct material-and application-specific *** provide demonstrations from our own work on small-molecule drugs,macromolecules,dyes,electrolytes,and *** several cases,we show how the appropriate representation led to guiding principles that facilitated experimental materials ***,we highlight the development of ML methods for enhancing atomistic *** advances help to improve simulation accuracy and expand the time and length scales that can be *** include differentiable atomistic simulations in which ensemble-averaged quantities are differentiated with respect to system parameters,and novel autoregressive methods for enhanced sampling of challenging physical *** developments include learnable coarse-grained models,which can accelerate molecula

关键词： zeolite differentiable latter

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A Comparative Assessment of On-Site Application Effects of Mine Dust Prevention and Control Technology

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第9期10卷 230-250页

作者： Augustine Appiah Yucheng Li simon Appah Aram Idongesit Bassey Utip Benjamin M. Saalidong Zhigang Li College of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China Department of Geosciences Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China

Prolonged exposure to coal dust leads to various lung disorders, including incurable coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), and endangers miners’ health in underground mines. This article summarizes the latest research progress in dust control technology, including chemical dust suppressants, foam dust removal, ultrasonic atomization, magnetized water dust suppression, double curtains of wind and fog, biological nano-film, and emerging microbial dust suppressants in the field of dust. The actual application compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different dust removal technologies. The current three directions of mine dust prevention and control are pointed out: the prevention and control of respirable dust, hydrophobic dust, and secondary dust, and the prospects for future development trends. Given the treatment of respirable dust, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the dust generation mechanism under different working conditions and to explore the migration and settlement laws of respirable dust by constructing a numerical model of dust dynamics;for the treatment of hydrophobic dust, further research on the microphysical and chemical properties of coal dust is needed. The relationship between wettability and continuously optimizing the wetting agent;for the prevention and control of secondary dust in coal mines, emerging microbial dust suppression technologies need to be developed to explore the micro-action between microorganisms and coal dust molecules to achieve green prevention and control of dust.

关键词： Dust Control Hydrophobic Reduction Efficiency Surfactant Wettability

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人类首例基因编辑婴儿试验:伦理失范和善治的迫切性（英文）

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2019年第1期20卷 32-38页

作者： Jing-ru LI simon WALKER Jing-bao NIE Xin-qing ZHANG Bioethics Center Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago School of Humanities and Social Sciences Peking Union Medical College

近年来,中国生物医学研究快速发展的同时,也在伦理治理方面带来了挑战。贺建奎公开声称其胚胎基因编辑婴儿诞生后,立即招致广泛的批评、谴责和激烈的伦理和法律大辩论。以生育为目的的胚胎基因编辑操作违反了公认的伦理规范,具体包括:... 详细信息

近年来,中国生物医学研究快速发展的同时,也在伦理治理方面带来了挑战。贺建奎公开声称其胚胎基因编辑婴儿诞生后,立即招致广泛的批评、谴责和激烈的伦理和法律大辩论。以生育为目的的胚胎基因编辑操作违反了公认的伦理规范,具体包括:较低的科学价值、不合理的风险-受益比、伦理审查不合规、并非真正的知情同意等。这说明主要依靠科研人员自律的机构伦理治理体系是成问题的,为此需要在不同层面上改进伦理治理水平,强化技术和伦理指南和法规。

关键词：贺建奎人类生殖细胞系基因编辑人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV) CRISPR-Cas9 伦理审查

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Astrophysical constraints on the proton-to-electron mass ratio with FAST

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第2期19卷 15-24页

作者： Xi Chen simon P.Ellingsen Ying Mei Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Sciences University of Tasmania

That the laws of physics are the same at all times and places throughout the Universe is one of the basic assumptions of physics. Astronomical observations provide the only means to test this basic assumption on cosmological time and distance scales. The possibility of variations in the dimensionless physical constant μ-the proton-to-electron mass ratio, can be tested by comparing astronomical measurements of the rest frequency of certain spectral lines at radio wavelengths with laboratory determinations. Different types of molecular transitions have different dependencies on μ and so observations of two or more spectral lines towards the same astronomical source can be used to test whether there is any evidence for either temporal or spatial changes in the physical fundamental constants. μ will change if the relative strength of the strong nuclear force compared to the electromagnetic force varies. Theoretical studies have shown that the rotational transitions of some molecules which have transitions in the frequency range that will be covered by FAST(e.g., CH_3 OH, OH and CH) are sensitive to changes in μ. A number of studies looking for possible variations in μ have been undertaken with existing telescopes, however, the greater sensitivity of FAST means it will open new opportunities to significantly improve upon measurements made to *** this paper, we discuss which molecular transitions and sources(both in the Galaxy and external galaxies)are likely targets for providing improved constraints on μ with FAST.

关键词： ISM:molecules radio lines:ISM techniques:radial velocities elementary particles

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GA Optimized Sliding Mode Control of a Mobile Robot

GA Optimized Sliding Mode Control of a Mobile Robot

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2003年中国智能自动化会议

作者： simon X．Yang Peter X．Liu Advanced Robotics and Intelligent Systems(ARIS)Lab School of Engineering University of Guelph GuelphON N1G 2W1Canada Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University OttawaCanadaK1S 5B6 School of Computer ScienceUniversity of WindsorWindsorON N9B 3P4Canada

Due to the nonholonomic constraint and restricted mobility, the design of stabilizing control laws for a mobile is a challenging problem. Sliding mode control is a robust design methodology based on a sliding surface and a Lyapunov’s stability theorem, where the system uncertainties and external disturbances can be handled under the invariance characteristics of system’s sliding condition with guaranteed system stability. In this paper, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the parameters in sliding mode controller for a nonholonomic mobile robot. The effectiveness of the proposed GA based sliding model controller is demonstrated by simulation studies.

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1 : 5 比例车辆模型滚动试验台试验研究

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机械工程学报 1998年第4期34卷 28-34页

作者：张卫华林建辉 simon Iwnicki 西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室英国曼彻斯特市大学

结合英国曼彻斯特市大学的１∶５铁路车辆模型模拟运行滚动试验台，就相似试验和相似比例进行了分析，在测定试验台及试验对象的物理参数，建立起数学模型的基础上，采用数值计算分析方法，对蛇行失稳临界速度和蛇行运动进行了分析，给... 详细信息

结合英国曼彻斯特市大学的１∶５铁路车辆模型模拟运行滚动试验台，就相似试验和相似比例进行了分析，在测定试验台及试验对象的物理参数，建立起数学模型的基础上，采用数值计算分析方法，对蛇行失稳临界速度和蛇行运动进行了分析，给出了相应的相似比例，并进行了蛇行试验验证。

关键词：车辆转向架试验台相似试验铁路滚动试验

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