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Meldonium-induced steatosis is associated with increased delta 6 desaturation and reduced elongation of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids

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liver Research 2024年第3期8卷 152-164页

作者： Bodil Bjørndal Siri lunde Tungland Pavol Bohov Magne OSydnes simon N.Dankel lise Madsen Rolf K Berge Department of Clinical Science University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Sports Physical Activity and FoodWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway Department of Chemistry Bioscience and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of StavangerStavangerNorway Department of Clinical Medicine University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Heart Disease Haukeland University HospitalBergenNorway

Background and objective Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFlD)is associated with abnormal lipid *** dysfunction is considered an important factor in the onset of MAFlD,whereas altered fatty acid composition has been linked to the severity of the *** acid(TTA),shown to induce mitochondrial proliferation and alter the fatty acid composition,was used to delay the accumulation of hepatic *** study aimed to evaluate how impaired mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation affects fatty acid composition by incorporating meldonium into a high-carbohydrate *** C57Bl/6 mice(n=40)were fed high-carbohydrate diets supplemented with meldonium,TTA,or a combination of meldonium and TTA for 21 *** levels were determined in liver samples,and fatty acid composition was measured in both liver and plasma ***,desaturase and elongase activities were *** hepatic activities and gene expression levels of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism were measured in liver samples,whereas carnitines,their precursors,and acylcarnitines were measured in plasma *** The meldonium-induced depletion of l-carnitine and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation was confirmed by reduced plasma levels of l-carnitine and *** component analyses of the hepatic fatty acid composition revealed clustering dependent on meldonium and *** meldonium-induced increase in hepatic triacylglycerol levels correlated negatively with estimated activities of elongases and was associated with higher estimated activities of delta-6 desaturase(D6D;C18:4n-3/C18:3n-3 and C18:3n-6/C18:2n-6),and increased circulating levels of C18:4n-3 and C18:3n-6(gamma-linolenic acid).TTA mitigated meldonium-induced triacylglycerol levels by 80%and attenuated the estimated D6D activities,and elongation of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs).TTA also attenuated the meldonium-mediated reduction of C24:1n-

关键词： Steatosis Fatty acid composition Fatty acid oxidation Meldonium Desaturase Elongasen-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid

Comparative Study of the Physicochemical Quality of the Waters of the Méné River (Sassandra Watershed, Ivory Coast) in the Dry Season and in the Rainy Season

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 738-746页

作者： Konan lopez Kouamé Gansso Valentin Akilinon Olivier simon Mananga Kombo Gneneyougo Emile Soro Bi Tié Albert Goula Science and Technology Department Alassane Ouattara University Bouak Ivory Coast Environmental Sciences laboratory Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan Ivory Coast

The study carried out on the waters of the Méné River led to an overall assessment of its water quality during the dry season and the rainy season. The analysis focused on eight (8) water samples taken from the river during a period of dry season (January-February) and a period of rainy season (June and September). The various physicochemical parameters were measured according to Afnor standardized methods. The readings of temperature, turbidity, pH and conductivity made it possible to account for the disturbances occurring in water quality. A temporal variation correlated with the seasons (dry or rainy) is noted. Turbidity depends on the concentration of suspended solids (SS) in the water and drained particles and therefore on the seasons. Just like the temperature, the conductivity changes with the season. The waters of the Méné River are generally acidic. The results obtained show that there is a low level of pollution by chlorides, phosphates, nitrites and nitrates. A slight pollution of the waters of Méné in organic matter (chemical oxygen demand values are less than 25 mg∙l−1 during dry season and 32.33 ± 4.73 mg∙l−1 during rainy season) was observed. The concentrations of metallic trace elements such as iron, manganese and aluminum indicate significant pollution of these waters by these elements. Overall, the waters of the Méné River are of satisfactory quality because all the physicochemical parameters analyzed have values below standards during the dry season as well as during the rainy season with the exception of COD and a few metallic trace elements.

关键词： Méné Physicochemical Parameters River Season Water Quality

Production of Yam Tubers Using Seed Tubers from Vitroplants Regenerated from Aerial Stems in the Yam Species Dioscorea alata (l.) and Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata (l. & P.) in Côte d’Ivoire

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 184-194页

作者： Koffi Honoré Kouamé Kouakou Marius Konan Kouadio Ignace Kouassi Kouablan Edmond Koffi Assanvo simon-Pierre N’Guetta Department of des Science and Technology University Alassane Ouattara of Bouaké Bouaké C&#244te d’Ivoire Plant Production Research Unit Department of Natural Sciences University Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Central Biotechnology laboratory National Center for Agronomic Research (NCAR) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Genetics laboratory of Bioscience Research Unit University Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny (UFHB) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

The aim of this study is to produce large quantities of yam tubers in the field from seed tubers derived from vitroplants regenerated from aerial stem cuttings and farmers’ tuber seeds. Seed tubers from ten yam cultivars, including five from Dioscorea alata (cDa083, cDa053, cDa115, cDa150 and cDa266) and five from Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata (cDr015, cDr027, cDr150, cDr206 and cDr148) with distinct agro-morphological characteristics, were used as material. A completely randomized block design with 3 replications was used. In each block, all cultivars and seed types were represented. When put into cultivation, the tubers produced by the vitroplants all germinated and gave 100% healthy plants, compared with 86% to 100% healthy plants for the seed tubers produced by the farmers. Yields per hectare ranged from 10 to 25 tonnes for seed tubers produced by in vitro plants, and from 4 to 9 tons for seed tubers produced by farmers. Seed tubers from vitroplants can therefore be recommended to farmers as a solution to the problem of seed tuber unavailability.

关键词： Yams Vitroplants Seed Tubers Yields

经皮冠状动脉介入的急性冠状动脉综合征患者早期不同联合降血脂策略效果分析

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中国医药 2024年第1期19卷 6-10页

作者：柳浩 Emmanuel simon Kinayi 张波大连医科大学附属第一医院心内科大连116000

目的分析经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者早期不同联合降血脂策略的疗效。方法选取2018年1月至2022年6月大连医科大学附属第一医院诊断为ACS并行PCI治疗的患者,根据患者出院时降血脂方案,分为A组(他汀类药物+... 详细信息

目的分析经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者早期不同联合降血脂策略的疗效。方法选取2018年1月至2022年6月大连医科大学附属第一医院诊断为ACS并行PCI治疗的患者,根据患者出院时降血脂方案,分为A组(他汀类药物+依折麦布)、B组(他汀类药物+依洛尤单抗)和C组(他汀类药物+依折麦布+依洛尤单抗),各73例。比较3组患者基线及1、6个月随访时低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(lDl-C)和其他血脂指标水平变化。结果在1、6个月随访时,B、C组lDl-C较基线下降幅度显著大于A组,lDl-Cl/l且较基线下降超过50%的患者比例高于A组[治疗1个月后:79.5%(58/73)、80.8%(59/73)比43.8%(32/73)],总胆固醇、载脂蛋白B水平均低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);3组间三酰甘油、载脂蛋白A1水平比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论他汀类药物联合应用依洛尤单抗可快速降低ACS行PCI患者血脂,增加lDl-C达标率,但是在他汀类药物联合依洛尤单抗基础上再联合依折麦布降低lDl-C的效果并不优于他汀类药物联合依洛尤单抗。

关键词：急性冠状动脉综合征依洛尤单抗依折麦布低密度脂蛋白胆固醇

Total Fat, Fatty Acid Composition, Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Profiles in Fermented Beans of Ten Controlled Pollinated Cocoa (Theobroma cacao l.) Hybrids from Cameroon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 359-373页

作者： Martin Paul Arnaud Mbida simon Perrez Akoa Ronelle Fabiola Mbia Manga Ndjaga Jude Martine louise Ondobo Onomo Pierre Effa Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Department of Biological Science Higher Teacher&#8217s Training College University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medecine University of Buea Buea Cameroon National Technology Development Committee Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Administrative Center Yaounde Cameroon Department of Agriculture and Agropastoral Higher Technical Teacher&#8217s Training College University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon

This study aimed to discriminate ten Cameroonian cocoa hybrids according to their total fat, fatty acid composition, tocopherol and tocotrienol profiles. Six cocoa clones from the gene banks of the Cameroon Cocoa Development Corporation were used to create hybrids. The determination of fatty acid composition was carried out by using a gas chromatography (GC) apparatus coupled by a flame ion detector (FID). Tocopherol and tocotrienol analysis was performed by upper high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPlC). Information on the impact of the genotype on the cocoa fat composition was provided. The major fatty acids (FA) in fermented samples are stearic (34.57%), palmitic (26.13%), oleic (34.13%) and linoleic (3.16%) acids. (35.05% to 35.6%). SCA12 × ICS40, SCA12 × SNK13, SNK13 × T79/501 have the least hard cocoa butters. Tocopherols analysis showed a predominance of γ-tocopherols (94.64 ± 1.51 to 292.16 ± 3.17 µg∙g−1), whereas only a small amount of β and δ-tocopherol (from 0.46 to 2.78 µg∙g−1 and 0.12 to 5.82 respectively) was observed. No γ-tocotrienol was found in fermented samples. A differentiation in terms of total fat and tocopherol content was observed amongst hybrids with the same mother-clone, suggesting an impact of pollen on these compounds.

关键词： Cocoa Hybrids lipid Composition UHPlC GC-FID

Analysis of the Quality of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Groundwater in Three localities in the Sub-Prefecture of Zanzra (Ivory Coast)

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期12卷 1-17页

作者： Djedjess Essoh Jules-César Meledje Bi Irié Marc Gouli Drissa Ouattara Kra Vanh Eric-simon Zran Adjourma Konate Albert Trokourey laboratoire de Chimie des Eaux (lCE) de l’ Ecole Normale Sup&#233rieure d&#8217Abidjan Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire laboratoire de Constitution et Ré action de la Mati&#232re (LCRM) &#224 l&#8217UFR SSMT-Universit&#233 F&#233lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny (UFHB) de Cocody Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

The availability of groundwater of acceptable quality has become a difficult challenge to meet in many countries, particularly Côte d’Ivoire. The State of Côte d’Ivoire and rural populations are building hydraulic infrastructure for this purpose. However, the quality of water coming from these infrastructures remains to be determined. This study therefore aims to analyze certain physicochemical parameters of the groundwater of Gloazra, Kouezra and Trahonfla. These are temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity level, hardness, alkalinity, chloride content and bicarbonate. To determine the pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, TDS, and salinity rate, an electrochemical analysis was carried out. The titrimetric analysis made it possible to determine the chloride and bicarbonate content, alkalinity, and hardness. The results indicate that the studied groundwater is soft and acidic with good mineralization. This water does not present a health hazard to consumers but can affect hydraulic equipment and household containers.

关键词： Ivory Coast Gloazra Trahonfla Kouezra Physicochemical Parameters Water WHO Standards

A system-on-chip microwave photonic processor solves dynamic RF interference in real time with picosecond latency

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 91-102页

作者： Weipeng Zhang Joshua C.lederman Thomas Ferreira de lima Jiawei Zhang simon Bilodeau leila Hudson Alexander Tait Bhavin J.Shastri Paul R.Prucnal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton UniversityPrinceton08544NJUSA NEC laboratories America Princeton08540NJUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonK7L 3N6OntarioCanada Department of Physics Engineering Physics and AstronomyQueen’s UniversityKingstonK7L 3N6OntarioCanada

Radio-frequency interference is a growing concern as wireless technology advances,with potentially life-threatening consequences like interference between radar altimeters and 5 G cellular *** transceivers mix signals with varying ratios over time,posing challenges for conventional digital signal processing(DSP)due to its high *** challenges will worsen as future wireless technologies adopt higher carrier frequencies and data ***,conventional DSPs,already on the brink of their clock frequency limit,are expected to offer only marginal speed *** paper introduces a photonic processor to address dynamic interference through blind source separation(BSS).Our system-on-chip processor employs a fully integrated photonic signal pathway in the analogue domain,enabling rapid demixing of received mixtures and recovering the signal-of-interest in under 15 *** reduction in latency surpasses electronic counterparts by more than three orders of *** complement the photonic processor,electronic peripherals based on field-programmable gate array(FPGA)assess the effectiveness of demixing and continuously update demixing weights at a rate of up to 305 *** compact setup features precise dithering weight control,impedance-controlled circuit board and optical fibre packaging,suitable for handheld and mobile *** experimentally demonstrate the processor’s ability to suppress transmission errors and maintain signal-to-noise ratios in two scenarios,radar altimeters and mobile *** work pioneers the real-time adaptability of integrated silicon photonics,enabling online learning and weight adjustments,and showcasing practical operational applications for photonic processing.

关键词： processor mixing dynamic

Costs of resistance to fungal pathogens in genetically modified wheat

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 101-112页

作者： simon l.Zeller Olena Kalinina Bernhard Schmid Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims Many resistance genes against fungal pathogens show costs of *** modified(GM)plants that differ in only one or a few resistance genes from control plants present ideal systems for measuring these costs in the absence of *** To assess the ecological relevance of costs of pathogen resistance,we grew individual plants of four transgenic spring wheat lines in a field trial with three pathogen levels and varied the genetic diversity of the *** Findings We found that two lines with a Pm3b transgene were more resistant to powdery mildew than their sister lines of the variety Bobwhite,whereas lines with chitinase(A9)or chitinase and glucanase(A13)transgenes were not more resistant than their mother variety ***,in the absence of the pathogen,both the GM lines of Bobwhite as well as those of Frisal performed significantly worse than their controls,***3b#1 and Pm3b#2 had 39%or 53%and A9 and A13 had 14%or 23%lower *** the presence of the pathogen,all GM lines except Pm3b#2 could increase their yields and other fitness-related traits,reaching the performance levels of the control *** Pm3b#2 seemed to have lost its phenotypic plasticity and had low performance in all *** may have been caused by very high transgene *** synergistic effects of mixing different GM lines with each other were *** might have been due to high transgene expression or the similarity between the lines regarding their resistance *** conclude that costs of resistance can be high for transgenic plants with constitutive transgene expression and that this can occur even in cases where the non-transgenic control lines are already relatively resistant,such as in our variety *** plants could only compete with conventional varieties in environments with high pathogen ***,the large variability among the GM lines,which may be due to unpredictable transgene expression,su

关键词： powdery mildew resistance genes transgene expression transgene stacking yield

Machine perfusion of the liver: Which is the best technique to mitigate ischaemia-reperfusion injury?

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World Journal of Transplantation 2019年第1期9卷 14-20页

作者： Yuri l Boteon simon C Afford liver Unit Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Centre for liver and Gastrointestinal Research Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

longstanding research describes the mechanisms whereby the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation(reperfusion) aggravates the ischaemic injury caused by a period of anoxia to a donor liver. This phenomenon, called ischaemia-reperfusion injury(IRI), leads to parenchymal cell death,microcirculatory failure, and inflammatory immune response. Clinically, IRI is the main factor responsible for the occurrence of posttransplant graft dysfunction and ischaemic-type biliary lesions. While extended criteria donor livers are more vulnerable to IRI, their utilisation is required to address the shortfall in donor organs. Thus, the mitigation of IRI should drive the setting of a new benchmark for marginal organ preservation. Herein, strategies incorporating different modalities of machine perfusion of the liver to alleviate IRI are discussed in conjunction with advantages and disadvantages of individual *** leading to reperfusion of the liver during machine perfusion(in situ normothermic regional perfusion and ex situ normothermic machine perfusion)may mitigate IRI by shortening the ischaemic period of the organs. This benefit potentially escalates from the minimum level, obtained following just partial alleviation of the ischaemic period, to the maximum level, which can be potentially achieved with ischaemia-free organ transplantation. Techniques that do not lead to reperfusion of the liver during machine perfusion(hypothermic,subnormothermic, and controlled-oxygenated rewarming) optimise mitochondrial oxidative function and replenish cellular energy stores, thereby lowering reactive oxygen species production as well as the activation ofdownstream inflammatory pathways during reperfusion. Further mechanistic insights into IRI may guide the development of donor-specific protocols of machine perfusion on the basis of the limitations of individual categories of extended criteria donor organs.

关键词： Machine perfusion of the liver Ischaemia-reperfusion injury liver transplantation Organ preservation Organ reconditioning