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Removal of roosters alters the domestic phenotype and microbial and genetic profile of hens

Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第11期64卷 1964-1976页

作者： Hai Xiang Siyu chen Hui Zhang Xu Zhu Dan Wang Huagui Liu Jikun Wang Tao Yin Langqing Liu Minghua Kong Jian Zhang Hua Li simon Turner Xingbo Zhao Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding School of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshan 528225China National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Ministry of EducationInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China Animal and Veterinary Sciences Research Group Scotland’s Rural CollegeEdinburghEH93JGUK

Hens are raised apart from roosters in modern poultry production, a substantial change from their natural social structure. We compared productivity, injuries, behavior, physiology, microbiome and transcriptome of hens housed with(R+) or without(R–)roosters to quantify the effects of this change in social structure. Hens were raised free-range from 70 to 280 days when 30 birds per treatment were assigned to battery cages until Day 315(R+C vs. R–C), while 30 birds per treatment remained in free-range pens(R+F vs. R–F). Response to a novel environment and object, behavioral time budgets, cecum microbiome, blood composition and transcriptomic sequencing of thigh muscle and spleen were analyzed. Hens housed without roosters showed better survival, consumed less food, produced more eggs and had better feed conversion. R+F hens clustered around the rooster and were less mobile in the novel environment and object tests. R+F hens displayed the richest microbiome, and the presence of roosters resulted in differentially expressed genes related to muscle development, cellular processes, environmental information processing and immune function. Removing roosters from housed hens intensified desirable characteristics favored by domestication probably operating by deprivation of mating behavior and reduced fear, along with altered microbial and genetic function.

关键词： chicken domestic phenotype fear gut microbiome rooster transcriptome

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Machine learning models compared to existing criteria for noninvasive prediction of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-confirmed choledocholithiasis

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Liver Research 2021年第4期5卷 224-231页

作者： Camellia Dalai John M Azizian Harry Trieu Anand Rajan Formosa C chen Tien Dong simon W Beaven James H.Tabibian UCLA-Olive View Internal Medicine Residency Program Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCAUSA Keck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCAUSA

Background and aims:Noninvasive predictors of choledocholithiasis have generally exhibited marginal performance *** aimed to identify noninvasive independent predictors of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)-confirmed choledocholithiasis and accordingly developed predictive machine learning models(MLMs).Methods:Clinical data of consecutive patients undergoing first-ever ERCP for suspected chol-edocholithiasis from 2015 to 2019 were abstracted from a prospectively-maintained *** logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ERCP-confirmed *** were then trained to predict ERCP-confirmed choledocholithiasis using pre-ERCP ultrasound(US)imaging only as well as using all available noninvasive imaging(US,computed tomography,and/or magnetic reso-nance cholangiopancreatography).The diagnostic performance of American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(ASGE)“high-likelihood”criteria was compared to ***:We identified 270 patients(mean age 46 years,62.2%female,73.7%Hispanic/Latino,59%with noninvasive imaging positive for choledocholithiasis)with native papilla who underwent ERCP for suspected choledocholithiasis,of whom 230(85.2%)were found to have ERCP-confirmed *** regression identified choledocholithiasis on noninvasive imaging(odds ratio(OR)¼3.045,P¼0.004)and common bile duct(CBD)diameter on noninvasive imaging(OR¼1.157,P¼0.011)as predictors of ERCP-confirmed *** the various MLMs trained,the random forest-based MLM performed best;sensitivity was 61.4%and 77.3%and specificity was 100%and 75.0%,using US-only and using all available imaging,*** high-likelihood criteria demonstrated sensitivity of 90.9%and specificity of 25.0%;using cut-points achieving this specificity,MLMs achieved sensitivity up to 97.7%.Conclusions:MLMs using age,sex,race/ethnicity,presence of diabetes,fever,body mass index(BMI),total bilirubin,maximum CBD di

关键词： Machine learning models(MLMs) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) Noninvasive imaging Bile duct disorders Common bile duct stones Gallstones

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Diversity and distribution patterns of non-volant smallmammals along different elevation gradients on Mt. Kenya,Kenya

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Zoological Research 2019年第1期40卷 53-60页

作者： simon Musila Zhong-Zheng chen Quan Li Richard Yego Bin Zhang Kenneth Onditi Immaculate Muthoni Shui-Wang He Samson Omondi James Mathenge Esther N.Kioko Xue-Long Jiang Mammalogy Section Department of Zoology National Museums of Kenya Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resource College of Life Science Anhui Normal University Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Kenya Wildlife Service Mweiga Research Station

The distribution of small mammals in mountainous environments across different elevations can provide important information on the effects of climate change on the dispersal of species. However, few studies conducted on Afromontane ecosystems have compared the altitudinal patterns of small mammal diversity. We investigated the species diversity and abundance of non-volant small mammals(hereafter ‘small mammals')on Mt. Kenya, the second tallest mountain in Africa,using a standard sampling scheme. Nine sampling transects were established at intervals of 200 m on the eastern(Chogoria) and western(Sirimon) slopes.A total of 1 905 individuals representing 25 species of small mammals were trapped after 12 240 *** was highest at mid-elevations on both ***, species richness and their distribution patterns differed between the two slopes. More species were recorded on Chogoria(24) than on Sirimon(17). On Chogoria, species richness was higher at mid-high elevations, with a peak at mid-elevation(2 800 m a.s.l.),whereas species richness showed little variation on the Sirimon slope. These results indicate that patterns of species diversity can differ between slopes on the same mountain. In addition, we extensively reviewed literature on Mt. Kenya's mammals and compiled a comprehensive checklist of 76 mammalian species. However, additional research is required to improve our understanding of smal mammal diversity in mountain habitats in Africa.

关键词： Small mammals Species richness Abundance Elevation Mt.Kenya

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Structure and expression of sulfatase and sulfatase modifying factor genes in the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 946-958页

作者： Xiao-Li Ma Wei-Yi He Wei chen Xue-Jiao Xu Wei-Ping Qi Ming-Min Zou Yan-Chun You simon W.Baxter Ping Wang Min-Sheng You State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina. Institute of Applied Ecology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina. Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina. Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops Ministry of AgricultureFuzhouChina. Department of Entomology Comell UniversityNew York State Agricultural Experiment StationGenevaNYUSA . School of Biological Sciences University of AdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia.

The diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella (L.),uses sulfatases (SULF)to counteract the glucosinolate-myrosinase defensive system that cruciferous plants have evolved to deter insect *** activity is regulated by post-translational modi- fication of a cysteine residue by sulfatase modifying factor 1(SUMF1).We identified 12 SULF genes (PxylSulfs)and two SUMF1 genes (PxylSumfls)in the *** genome. Phylogenetic analysis of SULFs and SUMFs from ***,Bombyx mori,Manduca sexta,Heliconius melpomene,Danaus plexippus,Drosophila melanogaster,Tetranychus urticae and Homo sapiens showed that the SULFs were clustered into five groups,and the SUMFs could be divided into two *** of the expression of PxylSulfs and Pxyl Sumfs by RNA-seq and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that two glucosinolate sulfatase genes (GSS),PxylSulf2and PxylSulf3,were primarily expressed in the midgut of 3rd-and 4th-instar ***,expression of sulfatases PxylSulf2, PxylSulf3 and PxylSulf4 were correlated with expression of the sulfatases modifying fac tor *** findings from this study provide new insights into the structure and expression of SUMF1and PxylSulf genes that are considered to be key factors for the evolutionary success *** as a specialist herbivore of cruciferous plants.

关键词： evolutionary arms race glucosinolate detoxification glucosinolate sulfatase phylogenetie analysis transcriptome analysis

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外国电影作品加入中国元素能提高在华票房吗?——文化产品本土偏好的机制分析

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管理评论 2024年第8期36卷 161-172页

作者：俞峰李宁陈经伟纪珽何可婧北京科技大学经济管理学院北京100083 中国社会科学院金融研究所北京100710 中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院北京100081 美国罗切斯特大学西蒙商学院纽约14627

全球化趋势日益明显的电影,这一代表性文化产品在国际贸易中受本土偏好的影响。本文以电影为例,通过构建包含产品本土偏好和产品质量两个维度的阿明顿(Armington)模型理论推演,汇总1994—2019年引进的外国分账影片数据实证检验,考察文... 详细信息

全球化趋势日益明显的电影,这一代表性文化产品在国际贸易中受本土偏好的影响。本文以电影为例,通过构建包含产品本土偏好和产品质量两个维度的阿明顿(Armington)模型理论推演,汇总1994—2019年引进的外国分账影片数据实证检验,考察文化产品中添加东道国元素迎合其市场口味如何突破国际贸易中本土偏好的约束机制。结果显示,与理论模型结论相一致,控制影片质量后,在中国取景或使用较多亚洲演员对提升中国市场票房有正面作用;但主要演员中使用中国演员对票房影响不大,甚至男女主角中包含中国演员有显著负面影响。基于欧洲市场的稳健性检验得出一致的结论,欧洲主演和导演对非欧洲电影在欧票房表现为正向促进作用。进一步分析发现,中国元素的加入没有对外国影片质量产生显著的正向影响,进一步验证了加入迎合偏好的中国元素对在华票房的促进作用独立于产品质量。本研究结果不仅为文化产品突破国际贸易中本土偏好机制提供了理论依据,还有助于启迪中国文化产品以海外取景、使用较多海外面孔、起用国际认可度高的海外演员等方式走出国门、提升中国的文化影响力。

关键词：外国电影作品中国元素本土偏好票房收入

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Evaluation of the risk factors for severe complications and surgery of intestinal foreign bodies in adults:a single-center experience with 180 cases

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 420-429页

作者： Tingting Hu Jie Zhang Yang Liu Lifang chen Wei Cen Wenzhi Wu Qingke Huang Xuecheng Sun simon Stock Maddalena Zippi Vincent Zimmer Zarrin Basharat Wandong Hong Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangP.R.China Department of Otolaryngology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangP.R.China Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangP.R.China The First Clinical College Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangP.R.China Department of Surgery World Mate Emergency HospitalBattambangCambodia Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Sandro Pertini HospitalRomeItaly Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical CenterSaarland UniversityHomburgGermany Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research Dr.Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug ResearchInternational Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of KarachiKarachiPakistan

Background Foreign bodies(FBs)lodged in the intestine or causing intestinal complications are uncommon in clinical practice but may pose diagnostic difficulties and prove *** study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for severe complications and surgery to aid clinicians in the diagnosis and management of intestinal *** We performed a retrospective analysis of patients in whom FBs were lodged in the intestine or caused complications from 2010 to 2020 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University(Zhejiang,China).The characteristics of the patients and FBs,symptoms,imaging findings,diagnostics,treatment strategies,and clinical outcomes were ***,the risk factors for complications and surgery were *** In total,180 patients were included in our *** patients(76.1%)were unable to provide a history of *** were the most common FBs(35.6%).The FBs were mainly located in the duodenum(32.8%)and the ileum(27.8%).Surgical removal of FBs was successful in 89(49.4%)patients and endoscopic removal in 54(30.0%)*** with perforations were treated *** located in the jejunum or ileum were more likely to cause severe complications than those located in the *** located in the jejunum,ileum,or sigmoid colon were more likely to undergo surgery,and severe complications were an independent risk factor for *** Intestinal FBs,often localized in angulation,are likely to be misdiagnosed because most patients do not provide a history of FB *** and endoscopic therapy are the most commonly used treatment *** is not mandatory in clinically stable patients with small and contained *** located in the jejunum or ileum are risk factors for both complications and surgery.

关键词： complication foreign body intestine risk factor surgery

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An annotated checklist of mammals of Kenya

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Zoological Research 2019年第1期40卷 3-52页

作者： simon Musila Ara Monadjem Paul W.Webala Bruce D.Patterson Rainer Hutterer Yvonne A.De Jong Thomas M.Butynski Geoffrey Mwangi Zhong-Zheng chen Xue-Long Jiang Mammalogy Section Department of Zoology National Museums of Kenya Department of Biological Sciences University of Swaziland Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology & Entomology University of Pretoria Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Maasai Mara University Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversit?t der Tiere Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Karatina University Sino-African Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Kenya has a rich mammalian fauna. We reviewed recently published books and papers including the six volumes of Mammals of Africa to develop an up-to-date annotated checklist of all mammals recorded from Kenya. A total of 390 species have been identified in the country, including 106 species of rodents,104 species of bats, 63 species of even-toed ungulates(including whales and dolphins), 36 species of insectivores and carnivores, 19 species of primates,five species of elephant shrews, four species of hyraxes and odd-toed ungulates, three species of afrosoricids, pangolins, and hares, and one species of aardvark, elephant, sirenian and hedgehog. The number of species in this checklist is expected to increase with additional surveys and as the taxonomic status of small mammals(e.g., bats, shrews and rodents) becomes better understood.

关键词： Checklist Rodents Bats Ungulate Carnivores Shrews Kenya

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Reviving chloroquine for anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatment with cucurbit[7]uril-based supramolecular formulation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第10期32卷 3019-3022页

作者： Cheryl H.T.Kwong Jingfang Mu Shengke Li Yaohui Fang Qianyun Liu Xiangjun Zhang Hiotong Kam simon M.Y.Lee Yu chen Fei Deng Xi Zhou Ruibing Wang State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao 999078China State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Wuhan 430071China State Key Laboratory of Virology College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

The wide-spreading SARS-CoV-2 virus has put the world into boiling water for more than a year,however pharmacological therapies to act effectively against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)remain ***(CQ),an antimalarial drug,was found to exhibit promising antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo at a high dosage,thus CQ was approved by the FDA for the emergency use authorization(EUA)in the fight against COVID-19 in the US,but later was revoked the EUA status due to the severe clinical ***,we show that supramolecular formulation of CQ by a macrocyclic host,curcurbit[7]uril(CB[7]),reduced its non-specific toxicity and improved its antiviral activity against coronavirus,working in synergy with CB[7].CB[7]was found to form 1:1 host-guest complexes with CQ,with a binding constant of$104 L/*** CQ-CB[7]formulation decreased the cytotoxicity of CQ against Vero E6 and L-02 cell *** particular,the cytotoxicity of CQ(60 mmol/L)against both Vero E6 cell line and L-02 cell lines was completely inhibited in the presence of 300 mmol/L and 600 mmol/L CB[7],***,the CB[7]alone showed astonishing antiviral activity in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells and mouse hepatitis virus strain A59(MHV-A59)infected N2 A cells,and synergistically improved the antiviral activity of CQ-CB[7],suggesting that CB[7]-based CQ formulation has a great potential as a safe and effective antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus.

关键词： Host-guest Chloroquine Cucurbituril SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19

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Extracellular histones stimulate collagen expression in vitro and promote liver fibrogenesis in a mouse model via the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第47期26卷 7513-7527页

作者： Zhi Wang Zhen-Xing cheng simon T Abrams Zi-Qi Lin ED Yates Qian Yu Wei-Ping Yu Ping-Sheng chen cheng-Hock Toh Guo-Zheng Wang Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology Medical SchoolSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210009Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology Zhongda HospitalNanjing 210009Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L697BEUnited Kingdom Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research CentreWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Integrative Biology University of LiverpoolLiverpool L697ZBUnited Kingdom Roald Dahl Haemostasis&Thrombosis Ctr Royal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpool L697BEUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis progressing to liver cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma is very common and causes more than one million deaths *** develops from recurrent liver injury but the molecular mechanisms are not fully ***,the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway has been reported to contribute to *** histones are ligands of TLR4 but their roles in liver fibrosis have not been *** To investigate the roles and potential mechanisms of extracellular histones in liver *** In vitro,LX2 human hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)were treated with histones in the presence or absence of non-anticoagulant heparin(NAHP)for neutralizing histones or TLR4-blocking *** resultant cellular expression of collagen I was detected using western blotting and immunofluorescent *** vivo,the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model was generated in male 6-week-old ICR mice and in TLR4 or MyD88 knockout and parental *** histones were detected and the effect of NAHP was *** Extracellular histones strongly stimulated LX2 cells to produce collagen ***-enhanced collagen expression was significantly reduced by NAHP and TLR4-blocking *** CCl4-treated wild type mice,circulating histones were dramatically increased and maintained high levels during the duration of *** of NAHP not only reduced alanine aminotransferase and liver injury scores,but also significantly reduced *** the TLR4-blocking antibody reduced histone-enhanced collagen I production in HSC,the CCl4 model with TLR4 and MyD88 knockout mice was used to demonstrate the roles of the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway in CCl4-induced liver *** levels of liver fibrosis were indeed significantly reduced in knockout mice compared to wild type parental *** Extracellular histones potentially enhance fibrogenesis via the TLR4–MyD88 signaling pathway and NAHP has therapeutic potential by

关键词： Liver fibrosis Extracellular histones Non-anticoagulant heparin TLR4 MyD88 CCl4

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Experimental exploration of five-qubit quantum error-correcting code with superconducting qubits

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National Science Review 2022年第1期9卷 100-106页

作者： Ming Gong Xiao Yuan Shiyu Wang Yulin Wu Youwei Zhao chen Zha Shaowei Li Zhen Zhang Qi Zhao Yunchao Liu Futian Liang Jin Lin Yu Xu Hui Deng Hao Rong He Lu simon C.Benjamin cheng-Zhi Peng Xiongfeng Ma Yu-Ao chen Xiaobo Zhu Jian-Wei Pan Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai Branch CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Center for Quantum Information Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences Tsinghua University Department of Materials University of Oxford

Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for universal quantum computing.D espite tremendous experimental efforts in the study of quantum error correction,to date,there has been no demonstration in the realis ation of universal quantum error-correcting code,with the subsequent verification of all key features including the identification of an arbitrary physical error,the capability for transversal manipulation of the logical state and state *** address this challenge,we experimentally realise the [5,1,3]code,the so-called smallest perfect code that permits corrections of generic single-qubit *** the experiment,having optimised the encoding circuit,we employ an array of superconducting qubits to realise the [5,1,3] code for several typical logical states including the magic state,an indispensable resource for realising non-Clifford *** encoded states are prepared with an average fidelity of 57.1(3)% while with a high fidelity of 98.6(1)% in the code ***,the arbitrary single-qubit errors introduced manually are identified by measuring the *** further implement logical Pauli operations with a fidelity of 97.2(2)% within the code ***,we realise the decoding circuit and recover the input state with an overall fidelity of 74.5(6)%,in total with 92 *** work demonstrates each key aspect of the [5,1,3] code and verifies the viability of experimental realisation of quantum error-correcting codes with superconducting qubits.

关键词： quantum error-correcting code superconducting qubit five-qubit code error detection logical operation

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