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Roles of Financial Innovation and Information Technology:Lessons from US Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis and Its Implications for China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2012年第3期22卷 343-355页

作者： James h LENZER JR simon Xiaobin ZhAO International Center for China Development Studies & Department of Geography Faculty of Social Sciencesthe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The mortgage loan has evolved from a local lending instrument into a major global security and its role is unparallel to other financial instruments in the process of financial globalization. This paper explains how technology and financial innovation transformed the mortgage loan from a local security into a premier global security traded worldwide. It examines the fundamental flaws of this process and why it does not work in regards to mortgage lending and the re-securitization products that were created through financial innovation. The findings show that regulation was unable to keep pace with financial innovation, which created an environment where actors in the financial service sector were able to behave geographically irresponsibly by using information asymmetries to their advantage by par- ticipating in moral hazard activities and engaging in other immoral and unethical business practices that were centered around localized geography, which ultimately contributed to the global financial crisis. It also examines the roll of financial innovation in regard to the Lehman Brothers Mini-Bond in hung and its role as a driving force behind China＇s newly emerging shadow banking sector. It concludes with a policy recommendation and its implication for China＇s continued economic development.

关键词： shadow banking US sub-prime mortgage crisis financial tsunami global financial crisis wealth man- agement vehicle China asset bubble

Automated measurement of moving grains on bed deposits

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第3期26卷 304-317页

作者： Amir h.N.ChEGINI simon TAIT Lecturer of Civil Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of GuilanMain CampusI.R.of Iran School of Engineering Design and TechnologyUniversity of BradfordBradfordBD7 1DPUK.

The performance of gravel bedload predictor equations is particularly poor.A key reason for this situation is the current poor understanding of the physical mechanisms that are involved in the entrainment of grains from water-worked sediment *** has been caused,in part,by a lack of detailed data on the behaviour of moving sediment *** this study,observations of the entrainment, transport and deposition of many particles from a gravel bed has been collected and studied using an image-based *** system was used to measure the motion of hundreds of gravel particles moving as *** paper describes the development of the image-based system and the data processing methods used to provide the automated measurement of particle *** system was adapted from commercially available PIV equipment and was configured to obtain simultaneously data for the analysis of the moving grains and the near-bed flow *** techniques developed are relatively sensitive to sediment colour and shape by using related image processing algorithms and so could be applied to natural gravel *** results(image data)obtained from the techniques developed are amended in a program by using two functions(commands)of image processing called "Label2RGB",and "RegionProps" which distinguish the colour and shape of moving sediment grains *** data processing provided information that identified individual grain entrainments,*** accurately traced the motion of some,but not all,*** show that the system was able to estimate grain entrainment rates and indicate locations of preferential entrainment and deposition from data on hundreds of individual moving grains.

关键词： Uniform flow Bed load Sediment transport Measurement Image processing

Risk-based method to secure power systems against cyberphysical faults with cascading impacts: a system protection scheme application

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第5期6卷 930-943页

作者： Jose Luis CALVO simon h.TINDEMANS Goran STRBAC Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy Delft University of Technology

The utilization levels of the transmission network can be enhanced by the use of automated protection schemes that rapidly respond to disturbances. however,such corrective systems may suffer from malfunctions that have the potential to exacerbate the impact of the disturbance. This paper addresses the challenge of jointly optimizing the dispatch of generators and protection settings in this context. This requires a holistic assessment of the cyber(protection logic) and physical(network) systems,considering the failures in each part and their *** protection schemes are used as a prototypical example of such a system. An iterative optimization method is proposed that relies on power system response simulations in order to perform detailed impact assessments and compare candidate solutions. The candidate solutions are generated on the basis of a security-constrained dispatch that also secures the system against a set of cyber failure modes. A case study is developed for a generation rejection scheme on the IEEE reliability testsystem(RTS): candidate solutions are produced based on a mixed integer linear programming optimisation model, and loss-of-load costs are computed using a basic cascading outage algorithm. It is shown that the partial security approach is able to identify solutions that provide a good balance of operational costs and loss-of-load risks, both in a fixed dispatch and variable dispatch context.

关键词： Power system operations Cyber-physical systems Reliability System protection schemes Riskaware dispatch

The Chengdu system for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: A step in the right direction

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hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第3期8卷 298-300页

作者： simon Erridge Mikael h.Sodergren Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College LondonLondonUK

Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death *** carcinoma(hCC),the most prevalent cause of primary liver cancer,is observed highest in the Far East,South-Eastern Asia and East Africa(1).In most endemic regions this is secondary to the prevalence of specific risk factors including chronic hepatitis B virus(hBV)infection,hepatitis C virus(hCV)infection and aflatoxin-exposure(1,2).The development of hBV vaccination and programmes to reduce hBV transmission has reduced the risk of hCC in high-risk Asian countries(1).Global incidence of hCC however continues to rise and major contributory factors to this are alcohol misuse and the obesity epidemic,resulting in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,in Western nations(1,2).

关键词： Liver Eastern alcohol

Large-scale transportation and storage of wood pellets:Investigation of the change in physical properties

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Particuology 2021年第4期19卷 146-156页

作者： hamid Gilvari Coen h.h.van Battum simon A.van Dijk Wiebren de Jong Dingena L.Schott Section of Transport Engineering and Logistics Department of Maritime and Transport TechnologyFaculty of MechanicalMaritime and Materials EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyThe Netherlands Chemical Services Uniper Benelux NVThe Netherlands Section of Large Scale Energy Storage Department of Process&EnergyFaculty of MechanicalMaritime and Materials EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyThe Netherlands

The change in physical properties of wood pellets,with a focus on particle size distributions due to pellet breakage and attrition,was studied in a large-scale(∼450 ton/h)transportation *** locations with a high probability of breakage through the whole transportation system were chosen and sampled to study the effect of transportation system design and operation on the mechanical properties of *** density,mechanical durability,moisture content,and particle size distribution of pellets were characterized for each *** of variance showed that there were significant differences between the percentages of small particles(he samples taken at different locations,especially at one with a vertical free fall of 7.8 *** average,this relatively long drop increased the proportion of particleshe samples from 8.73%to 14.09%,and that of particleshe measurements showed a wide deviation in the mechanical durability values,between a minimum of 90.8%and a maximum of 98.7%,which were not correlated to the sampling points but related to pellet *** can be concluded that pellet transportation systems require more dedicated design strategies to prevent breakage and attrition.

关键词： Wood pellets Large-scale transportation Durability Fines and dust Breakage Mechanical degradation

Saluenolide A,A Novel Eremophilanolide from Senecio saluenensis

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2002年第4期13卷 333-334页

作者： Yu ZhAO Peng WANG simon PARSONS David W.h. RANKIN DepartmentofNaturalDrugResearch CollegeofPharmaceuticalSciencesZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310031

From Senecio saluenensis, a novel eremophilanolide Saluenolide A was isolated. Its structure was elucidated by 2D-NMR technique and X-ray diffraction.

关键词： Sesquiterpene eremophilanolide Senecio X-ray cytotoxicity.

LIOUVILLE TYPE ThEOREM FOR ThE STATIONARY EQUATIONS OF MAGNETO-hYDRODYNAMICS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2019年第2期39卷 491-497页

作者： simon SChULZ Mathematical Institute University of Oxford

We show that any smooth solution(u, h) to the stationary equations of magnetohydrodynamics belonging to both spaces L^6(R^3) and BMO^(-1)(R^3) must be identically *** is an extension of previous results, all of which systematically required stronger integrability and the additional assumption ▽u, ▽h∈L^2(R^3), i.e., finite Dirichlet integral.

关键词： Liouville theorem Caccioppoli inequality Navier-Stokes equations MhD

Kernel-based Consensus Clustering for Ontology-embedded Document Repository of Power Substations

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2017年第2期3卷 212-221页

作者： Long Yan Wenhu Tang Q.h.Wu Jeremy simon Smith Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronic The University of LiverpoolLiverpoolL693GJU.K. School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China

This paper presents a novel consensus clustering(CC)approach for a document repository concerning power substations(PSD)and contributes to the intangible asset management of power systems.A domain ontology model,i.e.,substation ontology(SONT),is applied to modify the traditional vector space model(VSM)for document representation,which is concerned with the semantic relationship between terms.A new document representation is generated using a term mutual information matrix with the aid of *** addition,compared with two other novel CC algorithms,i.e.,non-negative matrix factorisation-based CC(NNMF-CC)and information theory-based CC(INT-CC),weighted partition via kernel-based CC algorithm(WPK-CC)is utilised to solve the CC issue for ***,genetic algorithms(GA)were applied to WPK-CC for PSD,as there are limitations in the original WPK-CC for document ***,selected mechanisms in each GA’s procedure are compared and improved,resulting in comprehensive parameter settings for the PSD *** simulation studies have been designed,in which the results are evaluated by purity validation method and show that the SONT-based document representation and improved WPK-CC,via modified GA,significantly improve the performance of the PSD CC.

关键词： power system asset management document clustering consensus clustering ontology kernel method GA

Accelerated design and characterization of non-uniform cellular materials via a machine-learning based framework

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1338-1345页

作者： Chunping Ma Zhiwei Zhang Benjamin Luce simon Pusateri Binglin Xie Mohammad h.Rafiei Nan hu Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina School of Civil Engineering and Transportation South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUSA

Cellular materials,widely found in engineered and nature systems,are highly dependent on their geometric arrangement.A nonuniform arrangement could lead to a significant variation of mechanical properties while bringing challenges in material ***,this proof-of-concept study demonstrates a machine-learning based framework with the capability of accelerated characterization and pattern *** showed that the proposed framework is capable of predicting the mechanical response curve of any given geometric pattern within the design domain under appropriate neural network architecture and ***,the framework is capable of generating matching geometric patterns for a targeted response through a databank constructed from our machine learning *** accuracy of the predictions was verified with finite element simulations and the sources of errors were ***,our machine-learning based framework can boost the design efficiency of cellular materials at unit level,and open new avenues for the programmability of function at system level.

关键词： arrangement characterization pattern