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Dynamics of Land Use in the Basin of Ancient Lagoons (Toho, Todougba, Ahouangan, Dati, Djonou) in South Benin from 1990 to 2020 and Their Current Vulnerability to Pollution

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第11期9卷 28-45页

作者： Mardochée Ephraïm Achoh Hyppolite Agadjihouédé Luc Gangbè Romaric Aïzonou Christelle Claudia Akotossodé simon ahouanssou montcho Antoine Chikou Unit of Aquaculture Research and Fisheries Management Laboratory of Fisheries and Animal Sciences National University of Agriculture Ketou Benin National Institute of Agricultural Research of Benin Cotonou Benin Department of Environment and Renewable resources University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture (LHA) Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

The management of living resources and space requires continuous assessments in order to adjust deviations as necessary for sustainable use. It is in this context that the present study was conducted and aims on the one hand to assess the dynamics of land use in the basin of the five-finger lagoons and on the other hand to assess the degree of their vulnerability to organic pollution. Thus, the satellite images were collected in free access on the site http://***/ of the USGS (US Geological Survey) of NASA. Image correction was performed with ENVI 5.1 software and classification was performed with ArcGIS 10.8 software. The degree of vulnerability was evaluated through the weighting of different parameters (slope, land use, type of pass, runoff, and density of the hydrobiological network) by the multi-criteria method of Saaty (Analytic Hierarchy Process Methods) and the application of mapping. It is found that for the dynamics of land use, forests, savannahs and plantations have experienced a significant reduction in their area (respectively 98.9%, 99.60% and 77.10%) between 1990 and 2020. As for settlements, water bodies and swamps, they have increased in area to different proportions. The soils are more denuded (Tc = 1264%). This makes the living space vulnerable and therefore facilitates the transfer of pollutants to the aquatic environment. The evaluation of the degree of vulnerability to pollution of the lagoons of the basin showed that the Toho-and Todougba lagoons are under a very high degree of vulnerability (73% - 100%) and do not augur well for the living resources. The other lagoons, notably the Dathi and Djonou lagoons, are also under stress from the pressures of surrounding activities. It is therefore important to assess the level of pollution of the Toho and Todougba lagoons through pollution indices in order to make decisions that will allow their sustainable use, especially for aquaculture.

关键词： Land Use Vulnerability Lagoons Pollution Anthropogenic Activity

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