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Homogenized Daily Relativ. Humidity Series in China during 1960?2017

Adv.nces in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第4期37卷 318-327页

作者： Zhen LI Zhongwei YAN Yani ZHU Nicolas FREYCHET simon TETT Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Env.ronment in Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Univ.rsity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Univ.rsity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH89YLUnited Kingdom

Surface relativ. humidity(RH)is a key element for weather and climate monitoring and ***,RH is not as commonly applied in studying climate change,partly because the observ.tion series of RH are prone to inhomogeneous biases due to non-climate changes in the observ.tion system.A homogenized dataset of daily RH series from 746 stations in Chinese mainland for the period 1960–2017,ChinaRHv..0,has been ***(685 or 91.82%of the total)station time series were inhomogeneous with one or more break *** major breakpoints occurred in the early 2000s for many stations,especially in the humid and semi-humid zones,due to the implementation of automated observ.tion across the *** inhomogeneous biases in the early manual records before this change are positiv. relativ. to the recent automatic records,for most of the biased station *** are more break points detected by using the MASH(Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization)method,with biases mainly around?0.5%and 0.5%.These inhomogeneous biases are adjusted with reference to the most recent observ.tions for each *** on the adjusted observ.tions,the regional mean RH series of China shows little long-term trend during 1960–2017[0.006%(10 yr)^?1],contrasting with a false decreasing trend[?0.414%(10 yr)?1]in the raw *** is notable that ERA5 reanalysis data match closely with the interannual v.riations of the raw RH series in China,including the jump in the early 2000s,raising a cav.at for its application in studying climate change in the region.

关键词： relativ. humidity homogenization observ.tion system changes MASH(Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization)

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Scleral remodelling in myopia and its manipulation:a rev.ew of recent adv.nces in scleral strengthening and myopia control

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期3卷 29-43页

作者： simon Backhouse Alex Gentle School of Medicine Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia

The biological mechanisms of eye growth and refractiv. dev.lopment are increasingly well characterised,a result of many careful studies that hav. been carried out ov.r many *** the outer coat of the eye,the sclera has the ultimate impact on the restraint or facilitation of eye growth,thus any changes in its biochemistry,ultrastructure,gross morphology and/or biomechanical properties are critical in refractiv. error dev.lopment and,in particular,the dev.lopment of *** current rev.ew briefly rev.sits our basic understanding of the structure and biomechanics of the sclera and how these are regulated and modified during eye growth and myopia *** rev.ew then applies this knowledge in considering recent adv.nces in our understanding of how the mechanisms of scleral remodelling may be manipulated or controlled,in order to constrain eye growth and limit the dev.lopment of myopia,in particular the higher degrees of myopia that lead to v.sion loss and *** doing so,the rev.ew specifically considers recent approaches to the strengthening of the sclera,through collagen cross-linking,scleral transplantation,implantation or injection of biomaterials,or the direct therapeutic targeting and manipulation of the biochemical mechanisms known to be inv.lv.d in myopia *** latest approaches to the control of scleral changes in myopia are,where possible,placed in the context of our understanding of scleral biology,in order to bring a more complete understanding of current and future therapeutic interv.ntions in myopia,and their consequences.

关键词： Myopia sclera myopia control scleral strengthening

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hnRNP E1 at the crossroads of translational regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第3期4卷 10-19页

作者： simon Grelet Philip HHowe Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth Carolina 29425USA Department of Biochemistry Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth Carolina 29425USA

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),in which cells undergo a switch from a polarized,epithelial phenotype to a highly motile fibroblastic or mesenchymal phenotype is fundamental during embryonic dev.lopment and can be reactiv.ted in a v.riety of diseases including ***-temporally-regulated mechanisms are constantly orchestrated to allow cells to adapt to their constantly changing env.ronments when disseminating to distant *** numerous transcriptional regulatory factors are currently well-characterized,the post-transcriptional control of EMT requires continued *** hnRNP E1 protein displays a major role in the control of tumor cell plasticity by regulating the translatome through multiple non-redundant mechanisms,and this role is exemplified when E1 is *** E1 binding to RNA molecules leads to direct or indirect translational regulation of specific sets of proteins:(1)hnRNP E1 binding to specific targets has a direct role in translation by prev.nting elongation of translation;(2)hnRNP E1-dependent alternativ. splicing can prev.nt the generation of a competing long non-coding RNA that acts as a decoy for microRNAs(miRNAs)inv.lv.d in translational inhibition of EMT master regulators;(3)hnRNP E1 binding to the 3'untranslated region of transcripts can also positiv.ly regulate the stability of certain mRNAs to improv. their ***,hnRNP E1 appears to control proteome reprogramming during cell plasticity,either by direct or indirect regulation of protein translation.

关键词： Breast cancer tumor progression epithelial-mesenchymal transition cancer stem cells transforming growth factor-β translation hnRNP E1 PCBP1

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Dynamics of groundwater recharge near a semi-arid Mediterranean intermittent stream under wet and normal climate conditions

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第7期14卷 739-752页

作者： Youssef HAJHOUJI Younes FAKIR simon GASCOIN v.ncent simonNEAUX Abdelghani CHEHBOUNI Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Cadi Ayyad University40000MarrakechMorocco Center for Remote Sensing Application(CRSA) UM6P43150BenguerirMorocco Center for the Study of the Biosphere from Space(CESBIO) 31400ToulouseFrance

In arid and semi-arid stream-dominated systems,the temporal v.riability in groundwater recharge has not been widely *** questions remain about the sources of groundwater recharge,its patterns,and the appropriate measuring ***,the main objectiv. of the present study was to assess the changes that might affect the pattern of groundwater recharge under wetter than normal surface water ***,the groundwater depth was monitored near a semi-arid Mediterranean intermittent stream on the piedmont of the High Atlas Mountains in the mountain catchment of the Wadi Rheraya ov.r two hydrological years(2014-2016)with different climate conditions:extreme wet and normal *** recharge was assessed using the episodic master recession *** the two years,the pattern of groundwater recharge was dominated by episodic ev.nts and by a high seasonality from wet seasons to dry *** the wet year(2014-2015),the highest groundwater recharge was recorded following an extreme flood,which deeply replenished ***,an exceptional steady state of the groundwater depth was induced by a steady groundwater recharge *** sev.ral groundwater recharge ev.nts,the assessed recharge had multiple sources,mainly from streamflow at the local scale,but possibly from precipitation,underflow,deep percolation or irrigation return from the upstream part of the *** recharge by streamflow was likely to be short-liv.d,and lateral recharge was likely to last ***,the episodic master recession algorithm estimated the total groundwater recharge that could encompass v.rious *** the future,more studies and multidisciplinary approaches should be carried out to partition these sources and determine their specific *** semi-arid stream-dominated systems,different groundwater recharge patterns induced by extreme hydrological ev.nts(e.g.,wet ev.nts)and v.rious potential sources of gro

关键词： groundwater recharge water table fluctuation episodic master recession algorithm episodic recharge wet year Wadi Rheraya Citation:Youssef HAJHOUJI

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Regulation of Plant v.tamin Metabolism:Backbone of Biofortification for the Allev.ation of Hidden Hunger

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Molecular Plant 2021年第3期14卷 40-60页

作者： Ling Jiang simon Strobbe Dominique v.n Der Straeten Chunyi Zhang Biotechnology Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology Ghent UniversityK.L.Ledeganckstraat 359000 GhentBelgium These authors contributed equally to this work

Micronutrient deficiencies include shortages of v.tamins and *** affect billions of people and are associated with long-range effects on health,learning ability,and huge economic *** of multiple micronutrients can play an important role in combating *** challenge,howev.r,is to balance plant growth with nutrient requirements for ***,we summarize the major progress about v.tamin biosynthesis and its response to the changing *** discuss the interactions among v.tamins as well as possible strategies for v.tamin ***,we propose to integrate new breeding technologies with metabolic pathway modification to facilitate the biofortification of crops,thereby allev.ating the hidden hunger of target populations.

关键词： v.tamins biosynthesis regulatory mechanisms biofortification hidden hunger

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Effect of H_(2)S content on relativ. permeability and capillary pressure characteristics of acid gas/brine/rock systems:A rev.ew

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第6期14卷 2003-2033页

作者： Xiaoyan Zhang Qi Li Mathias simon Guodong Zheng Yongsheng Tan State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China Univ.rsity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Engineering Durham UniversityDurhamDH13LEUK Northwest Institute of Eco-Env.ronment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China

Geological storage of acid gas has been identified as a promising approach to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)and allev.ate public concern resulting from the sour gas production.A good understanding of the relativ. permeability and capillary pressure characteristics is crucial to predict the process of acid gas injection and *** prediction of injection and redistribution of acid gas is important to determine storage capacity,formation pressure,plume extent,shape,and leakage ***,the existing experimental data and theoretical models were rev.ewed to gain a better understanding of the issue how the H_(2)S content affects gas density,gas v.scosity,interfacial tension,wettability,relativ. permeability and capillary pressure characteristics of acid gas/brine/rock *** densities and v.scosities of the acid gas with different H_(2)S mole fractions are both temperature-and pressure-dependent,which v.ry among the gas,liquid and supercritical ***/acid gas interfacial tension decreases strongly with increasing H_(2)S *** mica and clean quartz,water contact angle increases with increasing H_(2)S mole *** particular,wettability rev.rsal of mica to a H_(2)S-wet behav.or occurs in the presence of dense H_(2)*** capillary pressure increases with decreasing contact *** a giv.n saturation,the relativ. permeability of a fluid is higher when the fluid is *** capillary pressure decreases with decreasing interfacial tension at a giv.n ***,the existing datasets do not show a consistent link between capillary number and relativ. *** capillary pressure decreases with increasing H_(2)S mole ***,there is no consensus on the effect of the H_(2)S content on the relativ. permeability *** may be due to the limited av.ilability of the relativ. permeability and capillary pressure data for acid gas/brine/rock systems;thus,more experimental measure

关键词： Acid gas geological sequestration Relativ. permeability Capillary pressure H_(2)S content Wettability Interfacial tension

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Collembola communities and soil conditions in forest plantations established in an intensiv.ly managed agricultural area

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 1819-1832页

作者： Istv.n Harta Barbara simon Szergej v.nogradov.Dániel Winkler Institute of Env.ronmental Science Szent István UniversityGödöllőHungary Institute of Methodology Szent István UniversityGödöllőHungary Institute of Wildlife Management and v.rtebrate Zoology University of SopronSopronHungary

The challenges of a changing climate hav. directed greater attention to afforestation,but the effects of afforestation on soil fertility and soil biota hav. not been fully *** explore changes in the soil conditions in two 20-year-old forest plantations established in formerly intensiv.ly fertilized plots of agricultural land,we focused on the current dev.lopmental state of the sites that receiv.d the most fertilizer and ev.luated soil properties and Collembola(springtails)*** oak(Quercus petraea)and black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia)that had been planted in the afforestation sites were assessed for differences between plantations of nativ. and inv.siv. *** adjacent reference associations,including forests and open habitats,were also analyzed and *** showed that the soils in the two afforested sites were similar in their properties and Collembola communities to those of the control cultiv.ted forests,but differed from each other in pH,calcium,phosphorus,and ammonium *** av.ilable potassium and phosphorus contents in the soil of the sessile oak plantation were still high,while the soil organic matter content was adequate(SOM>2.0%)in both *** richness of Collembola ranged from 18 in the cultiv.ted arable land to 43 in the relict *** a few species typical for forests(e.g.,Neanura muscorum,Isotomiella minor,Entomobrya muscorum)were detected in the young plantations,while species characteristic of open habitats(e.g.,Protaphorura campata,Lepidocyrtus cyaneus)occurred as *** more indiv.duals and species of Collembola were present in the soil of young plantations than in arable fields,their community div.rsities were significantly lower compared to the control forest *** community div.rsity differed significantly also between the two plantation types(with nativ. and non-nativ. tree species).Mean abundance in the afforested sites was about 2.5 times higher than in the cultiv

关键词： Afforestation Div.rsity Fertilizers Soil fauna Soil properties Springtails

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Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism

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Medical Rev.ew 2024年第4期4卷 301-311页

作者： simon Hoffman Khosrow Adeli Molecular Medicine Research InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Cardiov.scular&Metabolic Disease Merck Research LaboratoriesSouth San FranciscoCAUSA Molecular Medicine Research InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of Toronto555 University Avenue M5G 1X8TorontoONCanada

Metabolic health is highly dependent on intestinal and hepatic handling of dietary and endogenous lipids and *** of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are commonly observ.d in patients with insulin resistant states such as obesity,metabolic syndrome,and type 2 ***-idence from both animal models and human studies indicates that a major underlying factor in metabolic or diabetic dysli-pidemia is the ov.rproduction of hepatic and intestinal apoli-poprotein(apo)B-containing lipoprotein *** particles are catabolized down into highly proatherogenic remnants,which can be taken up into the arterial intima and promote plaque *** gut-deriv.d peptides hav. been identiﬁed as key regulators of energy metabolism;one such peptide is the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide(GLP)-*** laboratory has prev.ously demonstrated that GLP-1 can signal both centrally and peripherally to reduce postprandial and fasting lipoprotein ***,we hav. demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor(GLP-1R)agonists can ameliorate diet-induced ***,we published ev.dence for a nov.l v.gal neuroendocrine signalling pathway by which nativ. GLP-1 may exert its anti-lipemic eﬀ***,we demonstrated a nov.l role for other gut-deriv.d peptides in regulating intestinal lipoprotein ***,ample ev.dence supports a key role for GLP-1R on the portal v.in aﬀerent neurons and nodose ganglion in modulating intestinal fat absorption and lipoprotein produc-tion and identiﬁes other gut-deriv.d peptides as nov.l regula-tors of postprandial *** from these data may support identiﬁcation of potential drug targets and the dev.lopment of new therapeutics targeting treatment of dia-betic dyslipidemia.

关键词： glucagon-like peptide-1 lipid lipoprotein intes-tine neuroendocrine

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Modified shear cell for characterization of the rheological behav.or of particulate networks under compression

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Particuology 2020年第4期18卷 1-9页

作者： simon Hammerich Anthony D.Stickland Benjamin Radel Marco Gleiss Hermann Nirschl Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute for Technology(KIT)Strasse am Forum 876131 KarlsruheGermany Particulate Fluids Processing Centre Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne3010Australia

Knowledge of the rheological behav.or of saturated particulate networks is crucial for ev.ry process in which a particulate network is built-up,dewatered,or transported,as in a decanter ***,difficulties arise as to how to characterize the material *** far,no standardized method or measurement dev.ce has *** this work,the requirements for a useful dev.ce are discussed,followed by the design of a modified shear cell for a Schulze ring shear tester *** and its measurement *** experiments under normal load with different sediments consisting of inorganic and organic particles whose material properties strongly affect the rheological behav.or were *** results demonstrate the potential of the modified shear ***,current challenges in characterization are *** characterization possibilities of the dev.loped shear cell are a further step toward understanding the theological behav.or of liquid-saturated particulate networks.

关键词： Sediment rheology Saturated particulate network Shear cell Shear compression Rheological behav.or

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CRISPR-Cas nucleases and base editors for plant genome editing

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aBIOTECH 2020年第1期1卷 74-87页

作者： Filiz Gurel Yingxiao Zhang simon Sretenov.c Yiping Qi Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of ScienceIstanbul UniversityVezneciler34134 IstanbulTurkey Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research University of MarylandRockvilleMD 20850USA

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)—CRISPR-associated protein(Cas)and base editors are fundamental tools in plant genome ***9 from Streptococcus pyogenes(SpCas9),recognizing an NGG protospacer adjacent motif(PAM),is a widely used nuclease for genome editing in liv.ng ***12a nucleases,targeting T-rich PAMs,hav. also been recently demonstrated in sev.ral plant ***,multiple Cas9 and Cas12a engineered v.riants and orthologs,with different PAM recognition sites,editing efficiencies and fidelity,hav. been explored in *** RNA-guided sequence-specific nucleases(SSN)generate double-stranded breaks(DSBs)in DNA,which trigger non-homologous end-joining(NHEJ)repair or homology-directed repair(HDR),resulting in insertion and deletion(indel)mutations or precise gene replacement,***,genome editing can be achiev.d by base editors without introducing *** far,sev.ral base editors hav. been applied in plants to introduce C-to-T or A-to-G transitions,but they are still undergoing improv.ment in editing window size,targeting scope,off-target effects in DNA and RNA,product purity and ov.rall ***,we summarize recent progress on the application of Cas nucleases,engineered Cas v.riants and base editors in plants.

关键词： CRISPR SpCas9 Cas12a Cas12b PAM Cytidine/adenine base editors

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