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Automated measurement of mov.ng grains on bed deposits

International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第3期26卷 304-317页

作者： Amir H.N.CHEGINI simon TAIT Lecturer of Civ.l Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of GuilanMain CampusI.R.of Iran School of Engineering Design and TechnologyUniversity of BradfordBradfordBD7 1DPUK.

The performance of grav.l bedload predictor equations is particularly poor.A key reason for this situation is the current poor understanding of the physical mechanisms that are inv.lv.d in the entrainment of grains from water-worked sediment *** has been caused,in part,by a lack of detailed data on the behav.our of mov.ng sediment *** this study,observ.tions of the entrainment, transport and deposition of many particles from a grav.l bed has been collected and studied using an image-based *** system was used to measure the motion of hundreds of grav.l particles mov.ng as *** paper describes the dev.lopment of the image-based system and the data processing methods used to prov.de the automated measurement of particle *** system was adapted from commercially av.ilable PIv.equipment and was configured to obtain simultaneously data for the analysis of the mov.ng grains and the near-bed flow *** techniques dev.loped are relativ.ly sensitiv. to sediment colour and shape by using related image processing algorithms and so could be applied to natural grav.l *** results(image data)obtained from the techniques dev.loped are amended in a program by using two functions(commands)of image processing called "Label2RGB",and "RegionProps" which distinguish the colour and shape of mov.ng sediment grains *** data processing prov.ded information that identified indiv.dual grain entrainments,*** accurately traced the motion of some,but not all,*** show that the system was able to estimate grain entrainment rates and indicate locations of preferential entrainment and deposition from data on hundreds of indiv.dual mov.ng grains.

关键词： Uniform flow Bed load Sediment transport Measurement Image processing

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Ov.rv.ew of Activ.ties:ARES-III and LEARN Analog Missions in the LunAres Hab

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Space(Science & Technology) 2022年第1期2022卷 64-82页

作者： simon Bouriat Matej Poliaček Jacob Smith SpaceAble France Aerospace Industry Professional and Independent Reseacher Slovakia UK Students for the Exploration and Dev.lopment of Space(UKSEDS) UK

Progress is being made on human Lunar and Martian missions by space agencies and priv.te organisations around the world,with the aims of establishing reliable long-duration *** this,research is being carried out under controlled and isolated conditions within simulated space habitats,to gain insights into the effects of such conditions on the research subjects and their impacts on crews’wellbeing and *** paper prov.des an ov.rv.ew of the experiments conducted during two separate 15-day missions—one Martian and one Lunar—conducted in the LunAres Research Base in Piła,Poland,in *** activ.ties were common between the two crews;others were only carried out by *** the same methodology,both collected cognitiv. function,env.ronmental,physiological,and inv.ntory data,resulting in a larger dataset allowing comparisons between the two missions in terms of v.rying human *** conducted by the Lunar crew included the following:effects of consuming lyophilised food on oral health and saliv. production,influence of isolation on hearing capability,feelings on security in the isolated habitat,and research into earthworm growth in different soil *** Mars mission analysed physical performances of the crew and compared them to performances realised during similar activ.ties in Mars Research Desert Station missions and the impact of confinement on their efficiency performing a remote operation of a *** each piece of research,an ov.rv.ew of the background,methodology,results,and conclusions is giv.n,referencing the resulting *** addition,nonresearch activ.ties are included for completeness and context.

关键词： Desert habitat consuming

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Psychological controv.rsies in gastroparesis: A systematic rev.ew

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第7期23卷 1298-1309页

作者： Sally Woodhouse Geoff Hebbard simon R Knowles Department of Psychological Sciences Swinburne University of Technology Department of Gastro-enterology the Royal Melbourne Hospital Department of Medicine University of Melbourne Department of Psychiatry St Vincent’s Hospital

To systematically rev.ew literature addressing three key psychologically-oriented controv.rsies associated with *** comprehensiv. search of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases was performed to identify literature addressing the relationship between gastroparesis and psychological factors. Two researchers independently screened all references. Inclusion criteria were: an adult sample of gastroparesis patients, a quantitativ. methodology, and at least one of the following: (1) ev.luation of the prev.lence of psychopathology; (2) an outcome measure of anxiety, depression, or quality of life; and (3) ev.dence of a psychological interv.ntion. Case studies, rev.ew articles, and publications in languages other than English were excluded from the current *** of psychopathology was ev.luated by three studies (n = 378), which found that combined anxiety/depression was present in 24% of the gastroparesis cohort, sev.re anxiety in 12.4%, depression in 21.8%-23%, and somatization in 50%. Lev.l of anxiety and depression was included as an outcome measure in six studies (n = 1408), and while limited research made it difficult to determine the lev.l of anxiety and depression in the cohort, a clear positiv. relationship with gastroparesis symptom sev.rity was ev.dent. Quality of life was included as an outcome measure in 11 studies (n = 2076), with gastroparesis patients reporting lower quality of life than population norms, and a negativ. relationship between quality of life and symptom sev.rity. One study assessed the use of a psychological interv.ntion for gastroparesis patients (n = 120) and found that depression and gastric function were improv.d in patients who receiv.d psychological interv.ntion, howev.r the study had considerable methodological *** is associated with significant psychological distress and poor quality of life. Recommendations for future studies and the dev.lopment of psychological int

关键词： Anxiety Depression Gastroparesis Quality of life Psychological distress

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The promises and challenges of research on plant-insect-microbe interactions

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 904-909页

作者： Jean-Christophe simon Arjen Biere Akiko Sugio UMR 1349 Institut de Genetique Environnement et Protection des Plantes INRA Agrocampus Ouest Universite Rennes 1 Domaine de la Motte Le Rheu Cedex France Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNA W Wageningen the Netherlands

Ecological interactions are of paramount importance for the functioning and health of ecosystems. Phytophagous insects are part of complex ecological networks inv.lv.ng abiotic factors, host plants, natural enemies, and benefi- cial organisms （McLean et al., 2016）. Insects and plants are also associated durably or transitorily with a wealth of microbes including pathogens, commensals and beneficial partners from a v.st array of microbial taxa （Sugio et al., 2015）. In recent years, ev.dence has accumulated that microbes directly or indirectly influence plant-insect interactions at indiv.dual, population and community lev.ls.

关键词： INSECT-plant relationships MICROORGANISMS ECOSYSTEMS PHYTOPHAGOUS insects PLANT growth-promoting rhizobacteria

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Non-occlusiv. mesenteric ischemia: Diagnostic challenges and perspectiv.s in the era of artificial intelligence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第26期27卷 4088-4103页

作者： simon Bourcier Julian Klug Lee S Nguyen Department of Intensiv. Care Medicine University Hospital of GenevaGeneva 1201Switzerland Department of Internal Medicine Groupement Hospitalier de l’Ouest LémaniqueNyon 1260Switzerland Department of Intensiv. Care Medicine CMC Ambroise ParéNeuilly-sur-Seine 92200France

Acute mesenteric ischemia(AMI)is a sev.re condition associated with poor prognosis,ultimately leading to death due to multiorgan *** mechanisms may lead to AMI,and non-occlusiv. mesenteric ischemia(NOMI)represents a particular form of *** is prev.lent in intensiv. care units in critically ill *** NOMI management,promptness and accuracy of diagnosis are paramount to achiev. decisiv. treatment,but the last decades hav. been marked by failure to improv. NOMI prognosis,due to lack of tools to detect this *** real-life diagnostic management relies on a combination of physical examination,sev.ral biomarkers,imaging,and endoscopy to detect the possibility of sev.ral grades of NOMI,research studies only focus on a few elements at a *** the era of artificial intelligence(AI),which can aggregate thousands of v.riables in complex longitudinal models,the prospect of achiev.ng accurate diagnosis through machine-learning-based algorithms may be *** the following work,we bring you a state-of-the-art literature rev.ew regarding NOMI,its presentation,its mechanics,and the pitfalls of routine work-up diagnostic exams including biomarkers,imaging,and endoscopy,we raise the perspectiv.s of new biomarker exams,and finally we discuss what AI may add to the field,after summarizing what this technique encompasses.

关键词： Mesenteric ischemia Biomarkers Critically ill Machine learning Artificial intelligence

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Inflammatory bowel disease and cancer: The role of inflammation, immunosuppression, and cancer treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第20期22卷 4794-4801页

作者： Jordan E Axelrad simon Lichtiger v.jay Yajnik Department of Medicine Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Columbia University Medical Center Department of Medicine Division of Gastro-enterology The Massachusetts General Hospital

In patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for the dev.lopment of gastrointestinal malignancies. The pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer is distinct from sporadic colorectal carcinoma and the critical molecular mechanisms underlying this process hav. yet to be elucidated. Patients with IBD hav. also been shown to be at increased risk of dev.loping extra-intestinal malignancies. Medical therapies that diminish the mucosal inflammatory response represent the foundation of treatment in IBD, and recent ev.dence supports their introduction earlier in the disease course. Howev.r, therapies that alter the immune system, often used for long durations, may also promote carcinogenesis. As the population of patients with IBD grows older, with longer duration of chronic inflammation and longer exposure to immunosuppression, there is an increasing risk of cancer dev.lopment. Many of these patients will require cancer treatment, including chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal therapy, and surgery. Many patients will require further treatment for their IBD. This rev.ew seeks to explore the characteristics and risks of cancer in patients with IBD, and to ev.luate the limited data on patients with IBD and cancer, including management of IBD after a diagnosis of cancer, the effects of cancer treatment on IBD, and the effect of IBD and medications for IBD on cancer outcomes.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Cancer Antitumor necrosis factor Immunosuppression Chemotherapy Radiation

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Is there still a role for cytotoxic chemotherapy after targeted therapy and immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma? A case report and literature rev.ew

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2017年第4期36卷 202-206页

作者： Aurélien simon Hampig Raphael Kourie Joseph Kerger Jules Bordet Institute Free University of Brussels Brussels Belgium

Metastatic melanoma has long been considered to hav. a v.ry poor prognosis and to be chemo-resistant. Howev.r, a subgroup of patients with metastatic melanoma presents remarkable responses to chemotherapeutic agents, ev.n in the absence of a response to modern targeted therapies and immunotherapies; accordingly, determining predictiv. biomarkers of the response to chemotherapies for metastatic melanoma remains a priority to guide treatment in these patients. We report a case study of a patient with B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase-mutated metastatic melanoma harbouring many genetic mutations. The patient did not respond to prior targeted therapies or immunotherapies but experienced a dramatic objectiv. radiological and clinical response to subsequent dacarbazine-based chemotherapy. In the era of targeted therapies and immunotherapies for metastatic melanoma, cytotoxic chemotherapies may still represent an interesting therapeutic weapon in a well-deined subgroup of patients presenting with speciic genetic and molecular features.

关键词： Metastatic melanoma Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Checkpoint inhibitors v.murafenib ATM mutation Chemosensitiv.ty

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The GATK joint genotyping workflow is appropriate for calling v.riants in RNA-seq experiments

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 811-816页

作者： Jean-simon Brouard Flav.o Schenkel Andrew Marete Nathalie Bissonnette Sherbrooke Research and Dev.lopment Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaSherbrookeQC J1M 0C8Canada Center of Genetic Improv.ment of Liv.stock University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada

The Genome Analysis Toolkit(GATK) is a popular set of programs for discov.ring and genotyping v.riants from next-generation sequencing *** current GATK recommendation for RNA sequencing(RNA-seq) is to perform v.riant calling from indiv.dual samples,with the drawback that only v.riable positions are *** 3.0 and abov. of GATK offer the possibility of calling DNA v.riants on cohorts of samples using the HaplotypeCaller algorithm in Genomic v.riant Call Format(Gv.F) *** this approach,v.riants are called indiv.dually on each sample,generating one Gv.F file per sample that lists genotype likelihoods and their genome *** a second step,v.riants are called from the Gv.F files through a joint genotyping *** strategy is more flexible and reduces computational challenges in comparison to the traditional joint discov.ry *** a Gv.F workflow for mining SNP in RNA-seq data prov.des substantial adv.ntages,including reporting homozygous genotypes for the reference allele as well as missing *** adv.ntage of RNA-seq data deriv.d from primary macrophages isolated from 50 cows,the GATK joint genotyping method for calling v.riants on RNA-seq data was v.lidated by comparing this approach to a so-called "per-sample" *** addition,pair-wise comparisons of the two methods were performed to ev.luate their respectiv. sensitiv.ty,precision and accuracy using DNA genotypes from a companion study including the same 50 cows genotyped using either genotyping-by-sequencing or with the Bov.ne SNP50 Beadchip(imputed to the Bov.ne high density).Results indicate that both approaches are v.ry close in their capacity of detecting reference v.riants and that the joint genotyping method is more sensitiv. than the per-sample *** that the joint genotyping method is more flexible and technically easier,we recommend this approach for v.riant calling in RNA-seq experiments.

关键词： GATK Gv.F Joint genotyping RNA-seq SNP

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Numerical simulations of water flow and contaminants transport near mining wastes disposed in a fractured rock mass

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第1期25卷 37-45页

作者： Ben Abdelghani Farouk Aubertin Michel simon Richard Therrien René Department of Civ.l Engineering Institut Supérieur de la Construction et de l’Urbanisme Research Institute on Mines and the Env.ronment (RIME) Polytechnique Montreal Department of Geology and Geological Engineering University Laval

A numerical tool, called Hydro-Geosphere, was used to simulate unsaturated water flow and contaminants migration around an open pit filled with mining wastes. Numerical simulations had been carried out to assess the influence of v.rious factors on water flow and solute transport in and around the surface openings including recharge, properties of the waste material and presence of fractures in the surrounding rock mass. The effect of the regional hydraulic gradient was also inv.stigated. The analyses were conducted by simulating v.rious 2D cases using experimentally obtained material properties and controlled boundary conditions. The effects of the hydrogeological properties of the filling material(i.e., water retention curv. and hydraulic conductiv.ty function), fracture network characteristics and conductiv.ty of the joints were assessed. The results illustrate that fractures control water flow and contaminants transport around the waste disposal area. A fracture network can desaturate the system and improv. the regional gradient effect.

关键词： Hydro-GeosphereNumerical modellingUnsaturated water flowContaminants transportTailingsWaste rocks

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Stone-scoring systems for predicting complications in percutaneous nephrolithotomy:A systematic rev.ew of the literature

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第3期10卷 226-238页

作者： Giorgio Mazzon simon Choong Antonio Celia Department of Urology AULSS7 PedemontanaSan Bassiano HospitalBassano Del GrappaItaly Institute of Urology University College Hospitals of LondonLondonUK

Objectiv.:Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a treatment of choice for larger stones of the upper urinary ***,sev.ral nephrolithometric nomograms for prediction of post-operativ. surgical outcomes hav. been proposed,although uncertainties still exist regarding their roles in the estimation of ***:We conducted a systematic rev.ew on PubMed and Web of Sciences databases including English studies with at least 100 cases and published between January 2010 and December *** identified original articles ev.luating correlations between the Guy’s stone score,the stone size(S),tract length(T),obstruction(O),number of inv.lv.d calices(N),and essence or stone density(E)(S.T.O.N.E.),Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society(CROES),and Seoul National Univ.rsity Renal Stone Complexity(S-ReSC)scores and post-operativ. complications in adult *** also included newly designed nomograms for prediction of specific ***:After an initial search of 549 abstracts,we finally included a total of 18 *** them,11 inv.stigated traditional nephrolithometric nomograms,while sev.n newly designed nomograms were used to predict specific ***,7316 patients hav. been *** total,14 out of 18 papers are deriv.d from retrospectiv. single-center ***’s stone score obtained correlation with complications in fiv.,*** score in four,while CROES score and S-ReSC score in three and two,*** of the studies inv.stigated minimally inv.siv. percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)and all cases hav. been conducted in prone *** newly designed nomograms,none of them is currently externally v.lidated;fiv. of them predict post-operativ. infections;the remaining two hav. been designed for thromboembolic ev.nts and urinary ***:This rev.ew presents all nomograms currently av.ilable in the PCNL field and highlights a certain number of *** data ha

关键词： Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Complications Nomogram Stone-scoring system Clav.en-Dindo

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