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Modulating arousal to overcome gait impairments in Parkinson’s disease:how the noradrenergic system may act as a double-edged sword

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 666-676页

作者： Anouk Tosserams Bastiaan R.Bloem Kaylena A.Ehgoetz Martens Rick C.Helmich Roy P.C.Kessels james M.Shine Natasha l.Taylor Gabriel Wainstein simon j.G.lewis jorik Nonnekes Department of Neurology Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersRadboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Rehabilitation Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersRadboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourPO Box 91016500 HB NijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada Department of Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation Psychology Donders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center Radboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands Vincent Van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry VenrayThe Netherlands Klimmendaal Rehabili-tation Center ArnhemThe Netherlands Brain and Mind Centre Parkinson’s Disease Research ClinicSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia Centre for Complex Systems The University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia Department of Rehabilitation Sint MaartenskliniekNijmegenThe Netherlands.

In stressful or anxiety-provoking situations,most people with Parkinson’s disease(PD)experience a general worsening of motor symptoms,including their gait ***,a proportion of patients actually report benefits from experiencing-or even purposely inducing-stressful or high-arousal *** data from a large-scale international survey study among 4324 people with PD and gait impairments within the online Fox Insight(USA)and ParkinsonNEXT(Nl)cohorts,we demonstrate that individuals with PD deploy an array of mental state alteration strategies to cope with their gait ***,these strategies differ along an axis of arousal-some act to heighten,whereas others diminish,overall sympathetic ***,our observations suggest that arousal may act as a double-edged sword for gait control in *** propose a theoretical,neurobiological framework to explain why heightened arousal can have detrimental effects on the occurrence and severity of gait impairments in some individuals,while alleviating them in ***,we postulate that this seemingly contradictory phenomenon is explained by the inherent features of the ascending arousal system:namely,that arousal is related to task performance by an inverted u-shaped curve(the so-called Yerkes and Dodson relationship).We propose that the noradrenergic locus coeruleus plays an important role in modulating PD symptom severity and expression,by regulating arousal and by mediating network-level functional integration across the *** ability of the locus coeruleus to facilitate dynamic‘cross-talk’between distinct,otherwise largely segregated brain regions may facilitate the necessary cerebral compensation for gait impairments in *** the presence of suboptimal arousal,compensatory networks may be too segregated to allow for adequate ***,with supraoptimal arousal,increased cross-talk between competing inputs of these complementary networks may emerge and become dysf

关键词： Arousal Gait Parkinson’s disease Freezing of gait locus coeruleus

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Integrating MEMS and ICs

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2015年第1期1卷 165-180页

作者： Andreas C.Fischer Fredrik Forsberg Martin lapisa simon j.Bleiker Göran Stemme Niclas Roxhed Frank Niklaus Department of Micro and Nanosystems School of Electrical EngineeringKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10044 StockholmSweden

The majority of microelectromechanical system(MEMS)devices must be combined with integrated circuits(ICs)for operation in larger electronic *** MEMS transducers sense or control physical,optical or chemical quantities,ICs typically provide functionalities related to the signals of these transducers,such as analog-to-digital conversion,amplification,filtering and information processing as well as communication between the MEMS transducer and the outside ***,the vast majority of commercial MEMS products,such as accelerometers,gyroscopes and micro-mirror arrays,are integrated and packaged together with *** are a variety of possible methods of integrating and packaging MEMS and IC components,and the technology of choice strongly depends on the device,the field of application and the commercial *** this review paper,traditional as well as innovative and emerging approaches to MEMS and IC integration are *** include approaches based on the hybrid integration of multiple chips(multi-chip solutions)as well as system-on-chip solutions based on wafer-level monolithic integration and heterogeneous integration *** are important technological building blocks for the‘More-Than-Moore’paradigm described in the International Technology Roadmap for *** this paper,the various approaches are categorized in a coherent manner,their merits are discussed,and suitable application areas and implementations are critically *** implications of the different MEMS and IC integration approaches for packaging,testing and final system costs are reviewed.

关键词： cofabrication platforms integrated circuits(ICs) microelectromechanical system(MEMS) More-Than-Moore multichip modules(MCMs) system-in-package(SiP) system-on-chip(SoC) three-dimensional(3D)heterogeneous integration

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Assessment of faunal communities and habitat use within a shallow water system using non-invasive BRUVs methodology

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020年第5期5卷 224-233页

作者： Henriette M.V.Grimmel Robert W.Bullock simon l.Dedman Tristan l.Guttridge Mark E.Bond Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation South BiminiBahamas Hull International Fisheries Institute University of HullHullHU67RXUnited Kingdom Independent Researcher San CarlosCAUSA Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University3000 NE 151th StreetNorthMiamiFL33181USA Saving the Blue KendallMiami33186USA

Seagrass and mangrove habitats have long been established as critical for diverse species at various life-stages,particularly as nursery ***,despite their intrinsic and environmental value,these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic *** Bimini,Bahamas,where ongoing development threatens ecosystem integrity,baited remote underwater video surveys(BRUVs)were used to examine faunal communities in both nearshore habitat and a shallow water central lagoon(average depth 1 m).The study assessed species abundances and spatial distribution in a currently unperturbed of the North Bimini Marine Reserve(NBMR).A total of 140 BRUVs,conducted over a 13-month period,recorded 62 species from 27 different *** was used to assess relative abundances and multivariate analyses(***,PCA,PERMANOVA)investigated differences in community composition across discrete factors and environmental *** Regression Trees(BRTs)were used to explore environmental variables for their uncorrelated influences on recorded species *** evidenced the importance of habitat diversity and particularly mangroveadjacent habitat for teleost fishes in Bimini with species diversity and abundance being significantly greater in the mangrove-adjacentdge ***,the study highlighted differences in environmental conditions between habitat types and the association this had with species diversity,abundance and *** the shallow water environment,BRUVs served as a scalable,non-invasive technique to assess community structures within the study *** from this study should inform ongoing decision-making processes regarding the protection of the Bimini Islands ecosystem.

关键词： Baited remote underwater video MaxN Mangrove edge habitat Bahamas Bimini

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Iron in the NEEM ice core relative to Asian loess records over the last glacial–interglacial cycle

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 110-123页

作者： Cunde Xiao Zhiheng Du Mike j Handley Paul A Mayewski junji Cao simon Schupbach Tong Zhang jean-Robert Petit Chuanjin li Yeongcheol Han Yuefang li jiawen Ren State Key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University State Key laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Climate Change Institute School of Earth and Climate Sciences University of Maine Key laboratory of Aerosol Science and Technology SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Climate and Environmental Physics Physics Institute University of Bern 6. Institute of Tibetan Plateau and Polar Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 7. Institut des Geosciences de I'Environment (IGE) University Grenoble Alpes 8. Korea Polar Research Institute

Mineral dust can indirectly affect the climate by supplying bioavailable iron(Fe) to the ocean. Here, we present the records of dissolved Fe(DFe) and total Fe(TDFe) in North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling(NEEM) ice core over the past 110 kyr BP. The Fe records are significantly negatively correlated with the carbon-dioxide(CO2) concentrations during cold periods. The results suggest that the changes in Fe fluxes over the past 110 kyr BP in the NEEM ice core are consistent with those in Chinese loess records because the mineral-dust distribution is controlled by the East Asian deserts. Furthermore, the variations in the dust input on a global scale are most likely driven by changes in solar radiation during the last glacial–interglacial cycle in response to Earth’s orbital cycles. In the last glacial–interglacial cycle, the DFe/TDFe ratios were higher during the warm periods(following the post-Industrial Revolution and during the Holocene and last interglacial period) than during the main cold period(i.e. the last glacial maximum(lGM)), indicating that the aeolian input of iron and the iron fertilization effect on the oceans have a non-linear relationship during different periods. Although the burning of biomass aerosols has released large amounts of DFe since the Industrial Revolution, no significant responses are observed in the DFe and TDFe variations during this period, indicating that severe anthropogenic contamination has no significant effect on the DFe(TDFe)release in the NEEM ice core.

关键词： Greenland NEEM ice core iron fertilization carbon dioxide Chinese loess glacial–interglacial cycle

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A system-on-chip microwave photonic processor solves dynamic RF interference in real time with picosecond latency

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 91-102页

作者： Weipeng Zhang joshua C.lederman Thomas Ferreira de lima jiawei Zhang simon Bilodeau leila Hudson Alexander Tait Bhavin j.Shastri Paul R.Prucnal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton UniversityPrinceton08544NJUSA NEC laboratories America Princeton08540NJUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonK7L 3N6OntarioCanada Department of Physics Engineering Physics and AstronomyQueen’s UniversityKingstonK7L 3N6OntarioCanada

Radio-frequency interference is a growing concern as wireless technology advances,with potentially life-threatening consequences like interference between radar altimeters and 5 G cellular *** transceivers mix signals with varying ratios over time,posing challenges for conventional digital signal processing(DSP)due to its high *** challenges will worsen as future wireless technologies adopt higher carrier frequencies and data ***,conventional DSPs,already on the brink of their clock frequency limit,are expected to offer only marginal speed *** paper introduces a photonic processor to address dynamic interference through blind source separation(BSS).Our system-on-chip processor employs a fully integrated photonic signal pathway in the analogue domain,enabling rapid demixing of received mixtures and recovering the signal-of-interest in under 15 *** reduction in latency surpasses electronic counterparts by more than three orders of *** complement the photonic processor,electronic peripherals based on field-programmable gate array(FPGA)assess the effectiveness of demixing and continuously update demixing weights at a rate of up to 305 *** compact setup features precise dithering weight control,impedance-controlled circuit board and optical fibre packaging,suitable for handheld and mobile *** experimentally demonstrate the processor’s ability to suppress transmission errors and maintain signal-to-noise ratios in two scenarios,radar altimeters and mobile *** work pioneers the real-time adaptability of integrated silicon photonics,enabling online learning and weight adjustments,and showcasing practical operational applications for photonic processing.

关键词： processor mixing dynamic

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lED-pumped whispering-gallery laser

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Photonics Research 2017年第6期5卷 36-40页

作者： simon j.HERR KARSTEN BUSE INGO BREUNIG laboratory for Optical Systems Department of Microsystems Engineering University of Freiburg Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM

A low-cost light-emitting diode(lED) is sufficient to pump a quasi-continuous-wave bidirectional high-Q whispering-gallery resonator laser made of Nd:YVO_4. This is remarkable because of the very limited spatial and spectral coherence of an lED. The lED, delivering up to 3.5 W, centered around 810 nm, is turned on in intervals of 100 μs duration, and for these periods a laser output exceeding 0.8 mW has been ***, 0.1-s-long laser pulses are demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an lED-pumped high-Q whispering-gallery laser. The concept can be extended easily to other laser active materials. A prospect is also to pump several of such lasers with a single lED.

关键词： lED-pumped whispering-gallery laser Nd

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Predicting nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen loss and dry matter intake of individual dairy cows in late lactation by including mid‑infrared spectra of milk samples

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第3期14卷 1287-1299页

作者： Rui Shi Wenqi lou Bart Ducro Aart van der linden Han A.Mulder simon j.Oosting Shengli li Yachun Wang laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and ReproductionMinistry of Agriculture of ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory of Animal BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Wageningen University&Research Animal Breeding and Genomics P.O.Box 3386700 AH Wageningenthe Netherlands Animal Production System Group Wageningen University&ResearchP.O.Box 3386700 AH Wageningenthe Netherlands

Background Nitrate leaching to groundwater and surface water and ammonia volatilization from dairy farms have negative impacts on the ***,the increasing demand for dairy products will result in more pollution if N losses are not ***,a more efficient,and environmentally friendly production system is needed,in which nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)of dairy cows plays a key *** genetically improve NUE,extensively recorded and cost-effective proxies are essential,which can be obtained by including mid-infrared(MIR)spectra of milk in prediction models for *** study aimed to develop and validate the best prediction model of NUE,nitrogen loss(Nl)and dry matter intake(DMI)for individual dairy cows in *** A total of 86 lactating Chinese Holstein cows were used in this *** data editing,704 records were obtained for calibration and *** prediction models with three different machine learning algorithms and three kinds of pre-processed MIR spectra were developed for each *** showed that the coefficient of determination(R2)of the best model in within-herd validation was 0.66 for NUE,0.58 for Nl and 0.63 for *** external validation,reasonable prediction results were only observed for NUE,with R2 ranging from 0.58 to 0.63,while the R2 of the other two traits was below *** infrared waves from 973.54 to 988.46 cm−1 and daily milk yield were the most important variables for *** The results showed that individual NUE can be predicted with a moderate accuracy in both within-herd and external *** model of NUE could be used for the datasets that are similar to the calibration *** prediction models for Nl and 3-day moving average of DMI(DMI_a)generated lower accuracies in within-herd *** also indicated that information of MIR spectra variables increased the predictive ability of ***,pre-processed MIR spectra do not result in higher acc

关键词： Dairy cow Environment Mid-infrared spectra Nitrogen use efficiency Prediction

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Physical and coupled fully three-dimensional numerical modeling of pressurized bottom outlet flushing processes in reservoirs

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International journal of Sediment Research 2019年第5期34卷 461-474页

作者： Ousmane Sawadogo Gerrit R.Basson simon Schneiderbauer Department of Civil Engineering Stellenbosch University Christian-Doppler laboratory for Multi-scale Modelling of Multiphase Processes Johannes Kepler University

Sediment deposition in reservoirs is an important research topic in engineering practice. Reservoir sedimentation has the potential to affect flood levels, drainage for agricultural land, pump station and hydropower operation as well as navigation. This paper describes the development of a coupled fully three-dimensional(3 D) numerical model for the prediction of the local sediment flushing scour upstream of the bottom outlet. The presented numerical model solves the Navier-Stokes equations in conjunction with the k-ε turbulence model which includes both sediment transport and hydrodynamic parameters. The proposed coupled fully 3 D numerical model is used to simulate experimental tests based on non-cohesive sediment. The geometric features of the scour hole(temporal and spatial hole development) upstream of the bottom outlet were reasonably well predicted compared to the experimental data. Furthermore, the velocity field upstream of the bottom outlet was in good agreement with measurements. The proposed numerical model for bottom outlet flushing was, therefore, validated because of its ability to accurately predict the scour hole development during the flushing process. The proposed numerical model can be considered reliable provided that the model is correctly calibrated and set up to reflect the conditions of a particular case study.

关键词： Bottom outlet Coupled flow/sediment model Sediment flushing 3D numerical model Packed bed Reservoir

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Cannibalism in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 750-758页

作者： lucy C. Cooper Camille Desjonqueres simon R. leather Imperial College london Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY Department of Crop and Environment Sciences Harper Adams University Edgmond Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB United Kingdom

Previous observations of cannibalism have been made in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum （l.）： this article seeks to quantify factors contributing to such be- haviors. We observed and quantified the responses of a number of clones and life stages to varying levels of starvation, in the form of increasingly desiccated Vicafaba l. plants （receiving 50, 25, or 10 ml every second day） or a complete absence of host plant. We found that, while the longest incidences of cannibalism are carried out by juveniles （F = 3.45, P = 0.019, df = 3） and targeted at adults, the starvation treatments had the most significant effect on the prevalence of cannibalism in mature A. pisum （F ---- 2.24, P = 0.025, df = 9）. Furthermore, there was no difference between the prevalence or dura- tion of cannibalistic activities within and between different clones （P 〉 0.05 in all cases）, though juveniles were more likely to target unrelated aphids （V = 6 112, P = 0.011）, and spent more time feeding on aphids from the same culture （V = 6 062, P = 0.018）.

关键词： Acyrthosiphon pisum Aphididae behavior cannibalism kin selection modularity

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Impacts of livestock grazing on a savanna grassland in Kenya

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journal of Arid land 2012年第1期4卷 29-35页

作者： john KIOKO john Warui KIRINGE simon Ole SENO The School for Field Studies Center for Wildlife Management Studies School of Natural Resources Management Narok University College

The dynamics of most rangelands in Kenya remain to be poorly understood. This paper provides baseline information on the response of a semiarid rangeland under different livestock grazing regimes on land inhabited by the Massai people in the east side of Amboseli National Park in Kenya. The data were collected from grasslands designated into four types：（1） grassland from previous Massai settlements that had been abandoned for over twenty years; （2） grassland excluded from livestock grazing for eight years; （3） a dry season grazing area; and （4） a continuous grazing area where grazing occurred throughout all seasons. Collected data included grass species composition, grass height, inter-tuft distance, standing grass biomass and soil characteristics. The results indicated that continuous grazing area in semiarid rangelands exhibited loss of vegetation with negative, long-term effects on grass functional qualities and forage production, whereas grassland that used traditional Maasai grazing methods showed efficiency and desirable effects on the rangelands. The results also showed that abandoned homestead sites, though degraded, were important nutrient reservoirs.

关键词： dry season grazing grass species composition livestock grazing soil nutrients Kenya

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