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Cerberus Fossae, Mars: The Case for Dike Intrusion-related Formation and Modification

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 173-174页

作者： Amanda l.NAHM Matthew W.PENDlETON simon A.KATTENHORN German Aerospace Center (DlR) University of Idaho Earth Consultants International University of Alaska Anchorage

Cerberus Fossae(CF)is a large fracture system on Mars that extends for more than 1200 *** structures,or fossae,are southeast of,and oriented approximately radially to,the large shield volcano Elysium ***

关键词： Burr Cerberus Fossae Mars CF

Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia: Diagnostic challenges and perspectives in the era of artificial intelligence

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第26期27卷 4088-4103页

作者： simon Bourcier julian Klug lee S Nguyen Department of Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital of GenevaGeneva 1201Switzerland Department of Internal Medicine Groupement Hospitalier de l’Ouest LémaniqueNyon 1260Switzerland Department of Intensive Care Medicine CMC Ambroise ParéNeuilly-sur-Seine 92200France

Acute mesenteric ischemia(AMI)is a severe condition associated with poor prognosis,ultimately leading to death due to multiorgan *** mechanisms may lead to AMI,and non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia(NOMI)represents a particular form of *** is prevalent in intensive care units in critically ill *** NOMI management,promptness and accuracy of diagnosis are paramount to achieve decisive treatment,but the last decades have been marked by failure to improve NOMI prognosis,due to lack of tools to detect this *** real-life diagnostic management relies on a combination of physical examination,several biomarkers,imaging,and endoscopy to detect the possibility of several grades of NOMI,research studies only focus on a few elements at a *** the era of artificial intelligence(AI),which can aggregate thousands of variables in complex longitudinal models,the prospect of achieving accurate diagnosis through machine-learning-based algorithms may be *** the following work,we bring you a state-of-the-art literature review regarding NOMI,its presentation,its mechanics,and the pitfalls of routine work-up diagnostic exams including biomarkers,imaging,and endoscopy,we raise the perspectives of new biomarker exams,and finally we discuss what AI may add to the field,after summarizing what this technique encompasses.

关键词： Mesenteric ischemia Biomarkers Critically ill Machine learning Artificial intelligence

An algorithm for family screening for coeliac disease

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第48期12卷 7805-7809页

作者： jocelyn S Fraser Alistair l King H julia Ellis simon j Moodie Ingvar Bjarnason jill Swift Paul j Ciclitira Division of Nutritional Sciences King's College London United Kingdom Division of Nutritional Sciences King’s College London United Kingdom

AIM: To assess the level of undiagnosed coeliac disease (CD) in relatives of patients affected by the condition. METHODS: We collected blood from 914 relatives of probands. We screened these individuals by ElISA for IgA and IgG tTG antibodies, confirming any positive IgA tTG results with an IgA EMA and looked for evidence of IgA deficiency in those who were IgG tTG positive alone, and performed IgG1 EMA in these individuals. We undertook HlA typing where positive screening was found, and this confirmed a strong prevalence of HlA- DQ2 in the coeliac population. Follow-up small intestinal biopsy was undertaken in cases with positive serological screening, wherever possible. RESUlTS:Use of this serological screening algorithm revealed a prevalence of undiagnosed CD in 5%-6% of first degree relatives of probands. CONClUSION:Our data suggests that first degree relatives of individuals with CD should be screened for this condition.

关键词： Coeliac disease Screening Endomysialantibody Familial study IgA deficiency Prevalence Tissue transglutaminase

Unifying concepts in methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox sludge granulation

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 17-30页

作者： simon Mills Anna Christine Trego Marco Prevedello jo De Vrieze Vincent O’Flaherty Piet N.l.lens Gavin Collins Microbial Communities laboratory School of Biological and Chemical SciencesNational University of Ireland GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Microbial Ecology laboratory School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology(CMET) Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653B-9000GentBelgium University of Galway University RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

The retention of dense and well-functioning microbial biomass is crucial for effective pollutant removal in several biological wastewater treatment *** solids retention is often achieved through aggregation of microbial communities into dense,spherical aggregates known as granules,which were initially discovered in the *** granules have since been widely applied in upflow anaerobic digesters for waste-to-energy ***,granular biomass has been applied in aerobic wastewater treatment and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)*** mechanisms underpinning the formation of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granules are the subject of ongoing *** each granule type has been extensively studied in isolation,there has been a lack of comparative studies among these granulation *** is likely that there are some unifying concepts that are shared by all three sludge *** these unifying concepts could allow a unified theory of granulation to be ***,we review the granulation mechanisms of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granular sludge,highlighting several common concepts,such as the role of extracellular polymeric substances,cations,and operational parameters like upflow velocity and shear *** have then identified some unique features of each granule type,such as different internal structures,microbial compositions,and quorum sensing ***,we propose that future research should prioritize aspects of microbial ecology,such as community assembly or interspecies interactions in individual granules during their formation and growth.

关键词： Granule Granulation Anaerobic digestion Anammox Aerobic granule

Weave geometry generation avoiding interferences for mesoscale RVEs

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第12期35卷 2869-2882页

作者： Daniel Höwer Shengkai Yu Trenton M.Ricks Brett A.Bednarcyk Evan j.Pineda Bertram Stier Stefanie Reese jaan-Willem simon Institute of Applied Mechanics RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany NASA Glenn Research Center ClevelandOH 44135USA Collier Research and Development Corporation Newport NewsVA 23606USA

An algorithm which allows the generation of representative volume elements(RVEs) for complex woven and warp-interlaced fiber-reinforced composite topologies while avoiding unphysical tow intersections is presented. This is achieved by extending an existing RVE generation strategy in two significant ways:(1) the local cross section shape of the tow is adjusted depending on the local tow curvature in a way that preserves the cross sectional area of the tow, and(2) the elementary crimp interval is separated into a planar and a transition region. The modifications facilitate the generation of a wide range of elaborate textile topologies without tow intersections, which are present without the proposed modifications unless complex tow to tow contact models are introduced. The mechanical properties of plain weaves were predicted based on the topology generated with the proposed algorithm as well as based on RVEs which were constructed based on actual micrographs, i.e. a "digital twin" of the actual microstructure. A comparison of the predicted mechanical properties based on finite element and Multiscale Generalized Method of Cells techniques shows close agreement. However, some differences exist with respect to experimentally determined material parameters due to the finite dimensions of the specimens. lastly,mechanical properties of multilayered weaves are predicted with the finite element method. The considered material systems are carbon fiber in epoxy matrix as well as C/C-SiC. However, the procedure is applicable to a wide range of material systems.

关键词： RVE generation Multiscale analysis Composites

Is there still a role for cytotoxic chemotherapy after targeted therapy and immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma? A case report and literature review

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Chinese journal of Cancer 2017年第4期36卷 202-206页

作者： Aurélien simon Hampig Raphael Kourie joseph Kerger jules Bordet Institute Free University of Brussels Brussels Belgium

Metastatic melanoma has long been considered to have a very poor prognosis and to be chemo-resistant. However, a subgroup of patients with metastatic melanoma presents remarkable responses to chemotherapeutic agents, even in the absence of a response to modern targeted therapies and immunotherapies; accordingly, determining predictive biomarkers of the response to chemotherapies for metastatic melanoma remains a priority to guide treatment in these patients. We report a case study of a patient with B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase-mutated metastatic melanoma harbouring many genetic mutations. The patient did not respond to prior targeted therapies or immunotherapies but experienced a dramatic objective radiological and clinical response to subsequent dacarbazine-based chemotherapy. In the era of targeted therapies and immunotherapies for metastatic melanoma, cytotoxic chemotherapies may still represent an interesting therapeutic weapon in a well-deined subgroup of patients presenting with speciic genetic and molecular features.

关键词： Metastatic melanoma Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Checkpoint inhibitors Vemurafenib ATM mutation Chemosensitivity

The GATK joint genotyping workflow is appropriate for calling variants in RNA-seq experiments

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 811-816页

作者： jean-simon Brouard Flavio Schenkel Andrew Marete Nathalie Bissonnette Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaSherbrookeQC J1M 0C8Canada Center of Genetic Improvement of livestock University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada

The Genome Analysis Toolkit(GATK) is a popular set of programs for discovering and genotyping variants from next-generation sequencing *** current GATK recommendation for RNA sequencing(RNA-seq) is to perform variant calling from individual samples,with the drawback that only variable positions are *** 3.0 and above of GATK offer the possibility of calling DNA variants on cohorts of samples using the HaplotypeCaller algorithm in Genomic Variant Call Format(GVCF) *** this approach,variants are called individually on each sample,generating one GVCF file per sample that lists genotype likelihoods and their genome *** a second step,variants are called from the GVCF files through a joint genotyping *** strategy is more flexible and reduces computational challenges in comparison to the traditional joint discovery *** a GVCF workflow for mining SNP in RNA-seq data provides substantial advantages,including reporting homozygous genotypes for the reference allele as well as missing *** advantage of RNA-seq data derived from primary macrophages isolated from 50 cows,the GATK joint genotyping method for calling variants on RNA-seq data was validated by comparing this approach to a so-called "per-sample" *** addition,pair-wise comparisons of the two methods were performed to evaluate their respective sensitivity,precision and accuracy using DNA genotypes from a companion study including the same 50 cows genotyped using either genotyping-by-sequencing or with the Bovine SNP50 Beadchip(imputed to the Bovine high density).Results indicate that both approaches are very close in their capacity of detecting reference variants and that the joint genotyping method is more sensitive than the per-sample *** that the joint genotyping method is more flexible and technically easier,we recommend this approach for variant calling in RNA-seq experiments.

关键词： GATK GVCF joint genotyping RNA-seq SNP

Stone-scoring systems for predicting complications in percutaneous nephrolithotomy:A systematic review of the literature

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Asian journal of Urology 2023年第3期10卷 226-238页

作者： Giorgio Mazzon simon Choong Antonio Celia Department of Urology AULSS7 PedemontanaSan Bassiano HospitalBassano Del GrappaItaly Institute of Urology University College Hospitals of LondonLondonUK

Objective:Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a treatment of choice for larger stones of the upper urinary ***,several nephrolithometric nomograms for prediction of post-operative surgical outcomes have been proposed,although uncertainties still exist regarding their roles in the estimation of ***:We conducted a systematic review on PubMed and Web of Sciences databases including English studies with at least 100 cases and published between january 2010 and December *** identified original articles evaluating correlations between the Guy’s stone score,the stone size(S),tract length(T),obstruction(O),number of involved calices(N),and essence or stone density(E)(S.T.O.N.E.),Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society(CROES),and Seoul National University Renal Stone Complexity(S-ReSC)scores and post-operative complications in adult *** also included newly designed nomograms for prediction of specific ***:After an initial search of 549 abstracts,we finally included a total of 18 *** them,11 investigated traditional nephrolithometric nomograms,while seven newly designed nomograms were used to predict specific ***,7316 patients have been *** total,14 out of 18 papers are derived from retrospective single-center ***’s stone score obtained correlation with complications in five,*** score in four,while CROES score and S-ReSC score in three and two,*** of the studies investigated minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNl)and all cases have been conducted in prone *** newly designed nomograms,none of them is currently externally validated;five of them predict post-operative infections;the remaining two have been designed for thromboembolic events and urinary ***:This review presents all nomograms currently available in the PCNl field and highlights a certain number of *** data ha

关键词： Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Complications Nomogram Stone-scoring system Clavien-Dindo

Numerical simulations of water flow and contaminants transport near mining wastes disposed in a fractured rock mass

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第1期25卷 37-45页

作者： Ben Abdelghani Farouk Aubertin Michel simon Richard Therrien René Department of Civil Engineering Institut Supérieur de la Construction et de l’Urbanisme Research Institute on Mines and the Environment (RIME) Polytechnique Montreal Department of Geology and Geological Engineering University Laval

A numerical tool, called Hydro-Geosphere, was used to simulate unsaturated water flow and contaminants migration around an open pit filled with mining wastes. Numerical simulations had been carried out to assess the influence of various factors on water flow and solute transport in and around the surface openings including recharge, properties of the waste material and presence of fractures in the surrounding rock mass. The effect of the regional hydraulic gradient was also investigated. The analyses were conducted by simulating various 2D cases using experimentally obtained material properties and controlled boundary conditions. The effects of the hydrogeological properties of the filling material(i.e., water retention curve and hydraulic conductivity function), fracture network characteristics and conductivity of the joints were assessed. The results illustrate that fractures control water flow and contaminants transport around the waste disposal area. A fracture network can desaturate the system and improve the regional gradient effect.

关键词： Hydro-GeosphereNumerical modellingUnsaturated water flowContaminants transportTailingsWaste rocks