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Application of systems engineering for development of multifunctional metro systems:Case study on the fifth metro line of the lyon metro,France

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Underground Space 2021年第1期6卷 24-34页

作者： Nicolas Ziv Andrea Kindinis jeremie simon Christophe Gobin Universite Paris-Est Institut de Recherche en ConstructibiliteESTPF-94230 CachanFrance Egis Rail 170 Avenue ThiersF-69006 LyonFrance

Several studies,from both the private sector(McKinsey,Engie,and EY)and international organizations(OECD,World Bank,and IMF),have shown that urban population in cities will grow in the coming *** growth implies an increased pressure on all urban networks-transporting people,goods,water,waste,electricity,information,heat,and so *** functions are executed by urban infrastructures entailing huge *** have dedicated our research to the optimization of infrastructures and more precisely of metro systems to offer global solutions to fulfill city needs-the multifunctional *** innovative multifunctional metro system incorporates several other urban networks—optical fiber,high-voltage electric cables,water and sewage pipes,geothermal piles,pneumatic systems,merchandise shuttles,and many others depending on the context of each *** aim of the multifunctional metro is to meet several needs of cities with one common *** a function to a system increases its *** this reason,we focus our research on the application of methods that allow better management of the complexity:systems engineering applied to *** the first part of the paper,we will present a benchmark of multipurpose infrastructures across the world and the benefits of such a system for *** the second part,we will present and illustrate the concept of the multifunctional ***,we will present the method based on systems engineering to analyse multifunctional ***,the concept of a multifunctional metro is illustrated with a case study on the future fifth metro line of lyon,*** conclusion,we will discuss the current barriers for the development of multifunctional infrastructures.

关键词： Multifunctionality Systems engineering Infrastructure Underground Metro

Deciphering fluid inclusions in high-grade rocks

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第5期5卷 683-695页

作者： Alfons van den Kerkhof Andreas Kronz Klaus simon Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Universitat Gottingen Goldschmidtstr.1-3 D 37073 GottingenGermany

The study of fluid inclusions in high-grade rocks is especially challenging as the host minerals have been normally subjected to deformation, recrystallization and fluid-rock interaction so that primary in- clusions, formed at the peak of metamorphism are rare. The larger part of the fluid inclusions found in metamorphic minerals is typically modified during uplift. These late processes may strongly disguise the characteristics of the ＂original＂ peak metamorphic fluid. A detailed microstructural analysis of the host minerals, notably quartz, is therefore indispensable for a proper interpretation of fluid inclusions. Cathodoluminescence （Cl） techniques combined with trace element analysis of quartz （EPMA, lA- [CPMS） have shown to be very helpful in deciphering the rock-fluid evolution. Whereas high-grade metamorphic quartz may have relatively high contents of trace elements like Ti and A1, low- temperature re-equilibrated quartz typically shows reduced trace element concentrations. The result- ing microstructures in Cl can be basically distinguished in diffusion patterns （along microfractures and grain boundaries）, and secondary quartz formed by dissolution-reprecipitation. Most of these textures are formed during retrograde fluid-controlled processes between ca. 220 and 500 ℃, i.e. the range of semi-brittle deformation （greenschist-facies） and can be correlated with the fluid inclusions. In this way modified and re-trapped fluids can be identified, even when there are no optical features observed under the microscope.

关键词： Fluid inclusionsGranuliteCharnockiteCathodoluminescencelA-ICPMSQuartz

Decoding earth’s plate tectonic history using sparse geochemical data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第1期11卷 265-276页

作者： Michael G.Tetley Zheng-Xiang li Kara j.Matthews simon E.Williams R.Dietmar Müller EarthByte Group School of GeosciencesUniversity of SydneyNSWAustralia Seismological laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA Data61 CSIROAustralian Technology ParkNSWAustralia Earth Dynamics Research Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin University of TechnologyGPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia

Accurately mapping plate boundary types and locations through time is essential for understanding the evolution of the plate-mantle system and the exchange of material between the solid Earth and surface ***,the complexity of the Earth system and the cryptic nature of the geological record make it difficult to discriminate tectonic environments through deep *** we present a new method for identifying tectonic paleo-environments on Earth through a data mining approach using global geochemical *** first fingerprint a variety of present-day tectonic environments utilising up to 136 geochemical data attributes in any available combination.A total of 38301 geochemical analyses from basalts aged from 5-0 Ma together with a well-established plate reconstruction model are used to construct a suite of discriminatory models for the first order tectonic environments of subduction and mid-ocean ridge as distinct from intraplate hotspot oceanic environments,identifying 41,35,and 39 key discriminatory geochemical attributes,*** training and validation,our model is applied to a global geochemical database of 1547 basalt samples of unknown tectonic origin aged between 1000-410 Ma,a relatively ill-constrained period of Earth’s evolution following the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent,producing 56 unique global tectonic environment predictions throughout the Neoproterozoic and Early *** are used to discriminate between three alternative published Rodinia configuration models,identifying the model demonstrating the closest spatio-temporal consistency with the basalt record,and emphasizing the importance of integrating geochemical data into plate *** approach offers an extensible framework for constructing full-plate,deeptime reconstructions capable of assimilating a broad range of geochemical and geological observations,enabling next generation Earth system models.

关键词： Plate tectonics Geochemistry Geodynamics Supercontinents Rodinia Big data

Measurement of electrical charges carried by airborne bacteria laboratory-generated using a single-pass bubbling aerosolizer

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Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 179-185页

作者： Xavier simon Sébastien Bau Denis Bémer Philippe Duquenne Institut National de Recherche et de Securite(INRS)

Widely used bioaerosol generators like Collison nebulizer probably produce electrostatically charged par- ticles, but the electrical charges carried by laboratory-generated airborne microorganisms using bubbling aerosolizers are poorly understood. In this study, we measured the fraction of neutral particles and num- ber of elementary charges per particle as a function of the aerodynamic diameter of airborne bacteria （Escherichia coli and Enterococcus hirae）. Bioaerosols were produced by a liquid sparging aerosolizer-type bubbling generator, with particle sizes ranging from roughly 0.6 to 2 p^m. The experimental setup included an electrostatic precipitator and real-time devices including an electrometer, aerodynamic particle sizer, and electrical low-pressure impactor. Experimental results obtained for various operating conditions showed that aerosols produced with a higher bubbling airflow contained a larger proportion of neutral particles （from around 30% to 50%） and that bacteria carried a greater average absolute number of elementary charges （from around -10 to -60 elementary units） than those under lower airflow. Under the investigated conditions, a neutralization step is unnecessary because it may have a negative effect on the viability of sensitive microorganisms. Our results suggest that the neutral fraction can be used down- stream of an electrostatic precipitator, and that this setup may have advantages over bipolar neutralizers.

关键词： Bubbling generator Bioaerosol Electrical charge Electrostatic precipitator Escherichia coil Enterococcus hirae

Mechanisms of autophagy activation in endothelial cell and their targeting during normothermic machine liver perfusion

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第48期23卷 8443-8451页

作者： Yuri l Boteon Richard laing Hynek Mergental Gary M Reynolds Darius F Mirza simon C Afford Ricky H Bhogal The liver Unit University Hospitals of BirminghamMindelsohn Way The Centre for liver Research Institute for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Birmingham

Ischaemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) is the leading cause of injury seen in the liver following transplantation. IRI also causes injury following liver surgery and haemodynamic shock. The first cells within the liver to be injured by IRI are the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(lSEC). Recent evidence suggests that lSEC coordinate and regulates the livers response to a variety of injuries. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the cyto-protective cellular process of autophagy is a key regulator of IRI. In particular lSEC autophagy may be an essential gatekeeper to the development of IRI. The recent availability of liver perfusion devices has allowed for the therapeutic targeting of autophagy to reduce IRI. In particular normothermic machine liver perfusion(NMP-l) allow the delivery of pharmacological agents to donor livers whilst maintaining physiological temperature and hepatic flow rates. In this review we summarise the current understanding of endothelial autophagy and how this may be manipulated during NMP-l to reduce liver IRI.

关键词： Autophagy liver transplant Ischaemiareperfusion injury Normothermic machine liver perfusion

Fast-moving target tracking based on mean shift and frame-difference methods

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journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2011年第4期22卷 587-592页

作者： Hongpeng Yin Yi Chai simon X. Yang Xiaoyan Yang College of Automation Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 E R. China State Key laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology College of Automation Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 P. R. China School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph N1G 2W1 Canada

The mean shift tracker has difficulty in tracking fast moving targets and suffers from tracking error accumulation problem. To overcome the limitations of the mean shift method, a new approach is proposed by integrating the mean shift algorithm and frame-difference methods. The rough position of the moving tar- get is first located by the direct frame-difference algorithm and three-frame-difference algorithm for the immobile camera scenes and mobile camera scenes, respectively. Then, the mean shift algorithm is used to achieve precise tracking of the target. Several tracking experiments show that the proposed method can effectively track first moving targets and overcome the tracking error accumulation problem.

关键词： mean shift frame-difference method target tracking,computer vision.

Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous ianalumab (VAY736) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b dose-finding trial

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四川生理科学杂志 2021年第10期43卷 1799-1799页

作者： simon j Bowman [a]Rheumatology Department University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK [b]Institute of Inflammation and Ageing College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham UK [c]National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre University of Birmingham Birmingham UK [d]Rheumatology Department Milton Keynes University Hospital Milton Keynes UK [e]Rheumatology Clinic Scripps Memorial Hospital and Research Institute La Jolla CA USA [f]Department of Medicine Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin and Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin Germany [g]Université Paris Saclay Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Hôpital Bicêtre INSERM U1184 Le Kremlin Bicêtre France [h]Division of Oral Medicine Tufts School of Dental Medicine Boston MA USA [i]Division of Rheumatology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA [j]Chronic Diseases Research Center Nova Medical School Lisbon Portugal [k]Instituto Português de Reumatologia Lisbon Portugal [l]Rheumatology Department Hospital Cuf Descobertas Lisbon Portugal [m]Clinic of Rheumatology University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia Department of Medical Area University of Udine Udine Italy [n]Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine IV Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich Germany [o]Department of Rheumatology Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Edge Hill University Liverpool UK [p]Novartis Pharma Basel Switzerland [q]Novartis Pharmaceuticals East Hanover NJ USA

Background:Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterised by dry eyes and mouth,systemic features,and reduced quality of *** are no disease-modifying treatments.A new biologic,ianalumab(VAY736),with two modes of suppressing B cells,has previously shown preliminary *** dose-finding trial aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of different subcutaneous doses of ianalumab in patients with moderate to severe primary Sjögren's syndrome.

关键词： subcutaneous patients doses

Review of the impact of heat stress on reproductive performance of sheep

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 859-876页

作者： William H.E.j.van Wettere Karen l.Kind Kathryn l.Gatford Alyce M.Swinbourne Stephan T.leu Peter T.Hayman jennifer M.Kelly Alice C.Weaver David O.Kleemann simon K.Walker The University of Adelaide School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesDavies Livestock Research CentreRoseworthy CampusMudla Wirra RdRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia The University of Adelaide Robinson Research InstituteAdelaide Medical SchoolNorth TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia The University of Adelaide School of AgricultureFood and WineWaite Research InstituteUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAGovernment of South AustraliaClimate ApplicationsWaite Research PrecinctUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAReproductive BiologyLivestock SciencesTurretfield Research Centre129 Holland RdRosedaleSouth Australia 5350Australia

Heat stress significantly impairs reproduction of sheep,and under current climatic conditions is a significant risk to the efficiency of the meat and wool production,with the impact increasing as global temperatures *** from field studies and studies conducted using environmental chambers demonstrate the effects of hot temperatures(≥32℃)on components of ewe fertility(oestrus,fertilisation,embryo survival and lambing)are most destructive when experienced from 5 d before until 5 d after *** controlled studies also demonstrate that ram fertility,as measured by rates of fertilisation and embryo survival,is reduced when mating occurs during the period 14 to 50 d ***,the contribution of the ram to heat induced reductions in flock fertility is difficult to determine *** primarily on temperature controlled studies,it is clear that sustained exposure to high temperatures(≥32℃)during pregnancy reduces lamb birthweight and will,therefore,decrease lamb survival under field *** is concluded that both ewe and ram reproduction is affected by relatively modest levels of heat stress(≥32℃)and this is a concern given that a significant proportion of the global sheep population experiences heat stress of this magnitude around mating and during *** this,strategies to limit the impacts of the climate on the homeothermy,behaviour,resource use and reproduction of extensively grazed sheep are limited,and there is an urgency to improve knowledge and to develop husbandry practices to limit these impacts.

关键词： Fertility Heat stress Oogenesis Pregnancy Sheep Spermatogenesis

Anticoagulation in frail older people

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第11期16卷 844-846页

作者： Sarah Damanti simon Braham luca Pasina Geriatric Unit IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly Nutritional Sciences PhD Univeristy of MilanMilanItaly Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center IRCCS CàGranda Maggiore Hospital FoundationMilanItaly Pharmacotherapy and Appropriateness of Drug Prescription Unit Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSVia Giuseppe La MasaMilanItaly

Frailty is a multidimensional dynamic condition characterized by decreased physiological reserves. Therefore,frail people are more vulnerable to ***,minor stimuli,like a new drug prescription,can alter their homeostatic equilibrium determining adverse clinical outcomes(i.e.,falls,institutionalization,disability,and death).[1,2]Since the risk of atrial fibrillation[3]and venous thromboembolism[4]increase with ageing,frail people might require long term anticoagulation.

关键词： Anticoagulation Frailty The elderly