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STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov X.C.Ai l.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.Z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Blinov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.H.Bu F.M.Cai H.Cai J.J.Cao Q.H.Cao X.Cao Z.Cao Q.Chang K.T.Chao D.Y.Chen H.Chen H.X.Chen J.F.Chen K.Chen l.l.Chen P.Chen S.l.Chen S.M.Chen S.Chen S.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen Y.Chen Y.Q.Chen H.Y.Cheng J.Cheng S.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.P.Dai l.Y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko J.M.Dias D.Z.Ding l.Y.Dong W.H.Dong V.Druzhinin D.S.Du Y.J.Du Z.G.Du l.M.Duan D.Epifanov Y.l.Fan S.S.Fang Z.J.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng X.Feng Y.T.Feng J.l.Fu J.Gao Y.n.Gao P.S.Ge C.Q.Geng l.S.Geng A.Gil.an l.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl J.l.Gu A.Guevara l.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo Y.P.Guo Z.H.Guo A.Guskov K.l.Han l.Han M.Han X.Q.Hao J.B.He S.Q.He X.G.He Y.l.He Z.B.He Z.X.Heng B.l.Hou T.J.Hou Y.R.Hou C.Y.Hu H.M.Hu K.Hu R.J.Hu W.H.Hu X.H.Hu Y.C.Hu J.Hua G.S.Huang J.S.Huang M.Huang Q.Y.Huang W.Q.Huang X.T.Huang X.J.Huang Y.B.Huang Y.S.Huang n.Hüsken V.Ivanov Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia Z.K.Jia H.B.Jiang J.Jiang S.Z.Jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao H.J.Jing X.l.Kang X.S.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin Y.lei E.levichev C.H.li C.li D.Y.li F.li G.li G.li H.B.li H.li H.n.li H.J.li H.l.li J.M.li J.li l.li l.li l.Y.li n.li P.R.li R.H.li S.li T.li W.J.li X.li X.H.li X.Q.li X.H.li Y.li Y.Y.li Z.J.li H.l.ang J.H.l.ang Y.T.l.ang G.R.l.ao l.Z.l.ao Y.l.ao C.X.lin D.X.lin X.S.lin B.J.liu C.W.liu D.liu F.liu G.M.liu H.B.liu J.liu J.J.liu J.B.liu K.liu K.Y.liu K.liu l.liu Q.liu S.B.liu T.liu X.liu Y.W.liu Y.liu Y.l.liu Z.Q.liu Z.Y.liu Z.W.liu I.logashenko Y.long C.G.lu J.X.lu n.lu Q.F.lü Y.lu Y.lu Z.lu P.lukin F.J.luo T.luo X.F.luo Y.H.luo H.J.lyu X.R.lyu J.P.Ma P.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Malde D.Matvienko Z.X.Meng R.Mitchell.a.nefediev Y.nefedov S.l.Olsen Q.Ouyang P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova X.Pan Y.Pan E.Passemar Y.P.Pei H.P.Peng l.Peng X.Y.Peng X.J.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian C.F.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin l.Q.Qin X.S.Qin T.l.Qiu J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer H.Y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of nucl.ar Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS Key laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China normal University Wuhan 430079China Central South University Changsha 410083China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116China École Polytechnique Fédérale de lausanne(EPFl) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China Hebei normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei University Baoding 071002China Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601China Helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan normal University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University Kaifeng 475004China High Energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher School of Economy 11 Pokrovsky Bul.ar Moscow 109028Russia Huangshan University Huangshan 245000China Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002China Hunan normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongol.a University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jilin University Changch

The superτ-charm facility(STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well.as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard *** STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&D *** document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity STCF detector conceptual design

服务业数字投入、本土市场规模与国内分工深化——兼论产业链外部风险

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经济学动态 2024年第4期 49-69页

作者：王岚程志宙天津财经大学数字经济与管理学院 300222 中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院 100081

数字经济改变了服务业“不可贸易”和“低效率”的传统属性,为中国依托国内大市场实现服务业高质量发展、打造内需主导型价值链提供了新的契机。本文从国内生产链长视角考察数字投入对服务业国内分工深化的作用机制和效果。结果表明:数... 详细信息

数字经济改变了服务业“不可贸易”和“低效率”的传统属性,为中国依托国内大市场实现服务业高质量发展、打造内需主导型价值链提供了新的契机。本文从国内生产链长视角考察数字投入对服务业国内分工深化的作用机制和效果。结果表明:数字投入一方面能通过提升全要素生产率和资源配置效率显著增加国内生产链长,促进国内分工深化;另一方面能通过降低劳动力比较优势的重要性,推进高收入国家的国内分工深化。本土市场规模会产生逆向牵引和虹吸效应,从而强化数字投入的分工深化作用。这一结论在更靠近需求端的下游行业和门槛效应分析中得到了论证。异质性分析表明,数字投入对生产性服务业的分工深化作用更明显;数字产品投入和国外投入对国内分工深化有着显著的抑制作用;与此同时,适度降低跨境数据流动限制有利于强化分工深化效应。拓展分析表明,数字投入会通过降低生产过程外部风险提升产业链安全,本土市场规模在这过程中发挥了“蓄水池”和“压舱石”的作用。以上研究结论对于中国打造内需主导型服务业价值链,实现服务业提质增效和产业链安全稳定提供了理论和事实依据。

关键词：数字化投入生产链条长度分工深化本土市场规模外部风险

Weather influenced nestling growth of an insectivorous but not a granivorous grassland passerine in Argentina

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 156-162页

作者： Martín Alejandro Colombo Adrian Jauregui luciano n.Segura laboratorio de Ecología de Aves.Institute“Dr.Raúl.a.Ringuelet”(IlPlA)-UnlP/COnICET Boulevard 1201437La PlataB1900Buenos AiresArgentina

nestling growth of birds can be affected by weather *** general,it is expected that higher temper-atures favor growth by improving food availability and nestling metabolism,while rain hinders it by reducing foraging ***,most of these patterns have been described in insectivorous cavity-nesting birds in temperate *** tested these predictions in two neotropical grassland ground-nesting birds with contrasting nestling diets and therefore potentially different responses to *** measured nestlings of the Hell.ayr’s Pipit(Anthus hell.ayri,an insectivorous passerine)and the Grassland Yellow-Finch(Sicalis luteola,which feeds its nestlings exclusively with seeds)during three breeding seasons(2017-2020)in central-eastern *** took measurements of tarsus and body mass,modeled growth curves using nonlinear mixed-effects models,and eval.ated the effects of minimum daily temperature and precipitation during the growth period and the 30 days prior to *** pipits(60 nestlings from 21 nests),minimum temperatures during the growth period were positively associated with tarsus and body mass ***,there was a positive association between precipitation during the pre-hatching period and tarsus ***,none of the weather variables analyzed had significant effects on nestling growth of finches(131 nestlings from 35 nests).Dietary contrast between species may explain the different *** activity and abundance can be affected by weather variations within the span of a breeding season,whereas seeds may depend on conditions from previous years,making the effects harder to *** with reduced asymptotic size can have reduced chances of ***,pipit populations could be impacted if they experience cold and dry conditions during their breeding season,which is of major relevance in the current context of climate change.

关键词： Finches Grassland birds neotropical birds Pipits Precipitation Temperature

Scientific guidelines for preclinical research on potentised preparations manufactured according to current pharmacopoeias—the PrePoP guidelines

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第5期22卷 533-544页

作者： Alexander l.Tournier leoni V.Bonamin Susann Buchheim-Schmidt Steven Cartwright Christoph Dombrowsky Paul Doesburg Carla Holandino Maria Ol.a Kokornaczyk Everine B.van de Kraats Jesús Antonio lópez-Carvallo Papiya nandy JoséManuel Mazón-Suástegui Fateme Mirzajani Bernard Poitevin Claudia Scherr Karin Thieves Sandra Würtenberger Stephan Baumgartner Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine University of Bern Institute of Integrative Medicine Witten/Herdecke University Homeopathy Research Institute Graduate Program on Environmental.and Experimental Pathology Paulista University Department of Medical Science Deutsche Hom?opathie-Union DHU-Arzneimittel GmbH&Co.KG Cherwell laboratory for Fundamental Research in Homeopathy Society for Cancer Research Hiscia Research Institute laboratório Multidisciplinar de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro World Water Community Departamento de Acuicultura Facultad de Ciencias del MarUniversidad Católica del Norte Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education laboratorio de Homeopatía Acuícola y Semil.as Marinas Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste Protein Research Center Shahid Beheshti University Department of Medical laboratory Science College of ScienceKnowledge University Socie′te′Savante d’Hom′eopathie Sola Salus Institute for Homeopathic Research Scientific Society for Homeopathy

Objective: Pharmacopoeias regulate the manufacture of potentised pharmaceutical preparations used in different branches of complementary and integrative medicine. The physicochemical properties and biological.activity of these preparations are often investigated in preclinical research, yet no guidelines for experimental research currently exist in this area. The present PrePoP guidelines aim to provide recommendations to promote high-quality, statistically sound, and reproducible preclinical research on potentised ***: Input was gathered from researchers nominated by the relevant scientific societies using a simplified Delphi consensus approach covering the most relevant aspects of basic research methodology in the field including appropriate controls, sample preparation and handling, and statistics. After three rounds of feedback, a consensus was finally reached on the most important aspects and considerations for conducting high-quality research on potentised ***: We present a series of recommendations on a range of topics including experimental controls,system stability, blinding and randomisation, environmental influences, and procedures for the preparation of potentised samples and controls, and we address some specific challenges of this research ***: This expert consensus process resulted in a robust set of methodological guidelines for research on potentised preparations and provides a val.able framework that will inform and improve the quality of subsequent research in this emerging field.

关键词： Research guidelines Fundamental research Basic research Complementary and integrative medicine Potentisation Potentised preparations

Effects of improved amino acid balance diet on lysine mammary utilization, whole body protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown on lactating sows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 2031-2043页

作者： Sai Zhang Juan C.Marini Vengai Mavangira Andrew Claude Julie Moore Mahmoud A.Mohammad nathalie l.Trottier Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA State Key laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640PR China USDA/ARS Children’s nutrition Research Center and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Department of large Animal Clinical Sciences Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Present address:Department of Animal Science Cornell UniversityFrank Morrison Hall507 Tower RoadIthacaNY 14853‑4801USA

Background The study objective was to test the hypothesis that low crude protein(CP)diet with crystalline amino acids(CAA)supplementation improves lys utilization efficiency for milk production and reduces protein turnover and muscle protein *** lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 2 isocaloric diets(10.80 MJ/kg net energy):control(COn;19.24%CP)and reduced CP with“optimal.aA profile(OPT;14.00%CP).Sow body weight and backfat were recorded on d 1 and 21 of lactation and piglets were weighed on d 1,14,18,and 21 of *** d 14 and 18,a subset of 9 sows(COn=4,OPT=5)was infused with a mixed solution of 3-[methyl-2H3]histidine(bolus injection)and[13C]bicarbonate(priming dose)first,then a constant 2-h[13C]bicarbonate infusion followed by a 6-h primed constant[1-13C]lysine *** blood and milk sampling were performed to determine plasma and milk lys enrichment,lys oxidation rate,whole body protein turnover,and muscle protein *** Over the 21-d lactation period,compared to COn,sows fed OPT had greater litter growth rate(Pn,sows fed OPT had greater efficiency of lys(Plys mammary flux(Pnd whole-body protein turnover efficiency(Pn,sows fed OPT tended to have lower whole body protein breakdown rate(P=0.069).Muscle protein breakdown rate did not differ between OPT and COn(P=0.197).Conclusion Feeding an improved AA balance diet increased efficiency of lys and reduced whole-body protein turnover and protein *** results imply that the lower maternal n retention observed in lactating sows fed improved AA balance diets in previous studies may be a result of greater partitioning of AA towards milk rather than greater body protein breakdown.

关键词： Amino acid Efficiency lactating sows Protein breakdown Protein turnover Reduced protein diet

The Impact of nova Outbursts on the Chemical.abundance of the Interstel.ar Medium

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第10期24卷 116-129页

作者： Guoli He Chunhua Zhu Guol.ang lü lin li Sufen Guo Helei liu Jun Gao School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830017China Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

nova outbursts are the results of thermonucl.ar runaways,which occur when sufficient material.accretes on the surfaces of white dwarfs(WDs).Using the MESA code,we construct a detailed grid for carbon-oxygen and oxygen-neon-magnesium *** employing population synthesis methods,we conduct a statistical.analysis of the distribution of novae in the Milky *** our models,on average,a typical nova system may undergo about8000 eruptions and the Galactic nova rate is~130 yr^(-1).The C,n,and O elements in nova ejecta are strongly affected by the mixing degree between WD core and accreted *** results show that the average value of^(12)C/^(13)C in nova ejecta is about an order of magnitude lower than that on the surface of a red giant,that for^(16)O/^(17)O is about 5 times lower,and that for^(14)n/^(15)n is about 1.5 times *** annual yields of^(13)C,^(15)n,and^(17)O from nova ejection are larger than those from AGB *** indicates that compared to a red giant,nova eruptions are a more important source of the odd-numbered nucl.ar elements of^(13)C,^(15)n,and^(17)O in the Galactic interstel.ar medium.

关键词： ISM:abundances (stars:)novae cataclysmic variables (stars:)white dwarfs

Mid-term clinical outcomes of the uncemented Robert Mathys pressfit cup

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第19期12卷 3684-3691页

作者： Kishan Ritek Ramsodit Inger n Sierevelt Esther R C Janssen Sjoerd Kaarsemaker Daniël Haverkamp Department of Orthopedic Surgery Xpert Clinics AmsterdamAmsterdam 1101EANorth-HollandNetherlands Department of Orthopedic Spaarne Gasthuis AcademyHoofddorp 2134 TMNetherlands Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Viecuri Medical CentreVenlo 5912 BLNetherlands Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Viecuri Medisch CentrumVenlo 5912 BLNetherlands

BACKGROUnD The use of uncemented cups during total hip arthroplasty(THA)has gained popularity in recent *** Robert Mathys(RM)pressfit cup,an uncemented monoblock implant is expected to preserve bone density due to its composition and external surface,while reducing backside wear with its monoblock *** factors should l.ad to a high survival rate of the *** To eval.ate the mid-term survival.and functional outcome of the RM Pressfit cup in a large study *** Between 2011 and 2020,we included 1324 patients receiving a primary THA using the RM pressfit *** clinical follow-up was performed at 2 years postoperatively with the Dutch arthroplasty register used to assess implant status *** for acetabular failure and reason for revision were reported to eval.ate implant survival,while the hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score(HOOS)scores were used to assess functional *** The mean age at surgery was 64.9 *** mean follow-up was 4.6 *** the 1324 THAs performed,13 needed cup revisions within 5 years after index THA:5 due to aseptic loosening,6 due to infection,2 due to dislocation and 2 due to other *** resulted in a 5-year cup survival of 98.8%(95%CI:98.1-99.5).nine of the cup revisions occurred within the first year after index *** scores increased significantly in all domains during the first year and levelled out during the second *** In the present study,the RM pressfit cup demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up;however,future studies are needed to assess the long-term outcomes of this acetabular implant.

关键词： Total hip arthroplasty Uncemented RM pressfit cup Hip osteoarthritis Cup revision Pressfit Aseptic loosening

Satellite-enabled enviromics to enhance crop improvement

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Molecular Plant 2024年第6期17卷 848-866页

作者： Rafael T.Resende lee Hickey Cibele H.Amaral lucas l.Peixoto Gustavo E.Marcatti Yunbi Xu Universidade Federal de Goia´s(UFG) Agronomy DepartmentPlant Breeding SectorGoiania(GO)74690-900Brazil TheCROP a Precision-Breeding Startup:EnviromicsPhenomicsand GenomicsNo Zip-codeOperating VirtuallyGoiania(GO)and Sete Lagoas(MG)Brazil Queensland All.ance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Earth lab Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80303USA Environmental Data Science Innovation&Inclusion lab Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80303USA Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Joa˜o del-Rei Forest Engineering DepartmentCampus Sete LagoasSete Lagoas(MG)35701-970Brazil Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences WeifangShandong 261325China BGI Bioverse Shenzhen 518083China

Enviromics refers to the characterization of micro-and macroenvironments based on large-scale environmental *** providing genotypic recommendations with predictive extrapolation at a site-specific level,enviromics could inform plant breeding decisions across varying conditions and anticipate productivity in a changing ***-based integration of statistics,envirotyping(i.e.,determining environmental factors),and remote sensing could help unravel the complex interplay of genetics,environment,and *** support this goal,exhaustive envirotyping to generate precise environmental profiles would significantly improve predictions of genotype performance and genetic gain in ***,informatics management platforms aggregate diverse environmental datasets obtained using optical,thermal,radar,and light detection and ranging(liDAR)sensors that capture detailed information about vegetation,surface structure,and *** wealth of information,coupled with freely available climate data,fuels innovative enviromics *** enviromics holds immense potential for breeding,a few obstacles remain,such as the need for(1)integrative methodologies to systematically collect field data to scale and expand observations across the landscape with satellite data;(2)state-of-the-art AI models for data integration,simulation,and prediction;(3)cyberinfrastructure for processing big data across scales and providing seamless interfaces to deliver forecasts to stakeholders;and(4)col.aboration and data sharing among farmers,breeders,physiologists,geoinformatics experts,and programmers across research *** these challenges is essential for leveraging the full potential of big data captured by satellites to transform 21st century agriculture and crop improvement through enviromics.

关键词： envirotyping precision breeding genotype-environment interactions remote sensing predictive models enviromic information

Genetically-and environmentally-dependent processes drive interspecific and intraspecific divergence in the Chinese relict endemic genus Dipteronia

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Plant Diversity 2024年第5期46卷 585-599页

作者： Tao Zhou Xiaodan Chen Jordi lópez-Pujol Guoqing Bai Sonia Herrando-Moraira neus nualart Xiao Zhang Yuemei Zhao Guifang Zhao Key laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China(Ministry of Education) College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'an 710069China School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710061China College of life Science Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuanChina Botanic Institute of Barcelona(IBB) CSIC-CMCNBBarcelona 08038CataloniaSpain Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales Universidad Espíritu Santo(UEES)Samborondón 091650Ecuador Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi ProvinceXi'an 710061China School of Biological Sciences Guizhou Education UniversityGuiyangChina

China is a hotspot of relict plant species that were once widespread throughout the northern *** research has demonstrated that the occurrence of long-term stable refugia in the mountainous regions of central.and south-western China allowed their persistence through the late neogene climate *** of these relict lineages is Dipteronia,an oligotypic tree genus with a fossil record extending to the ***,we investigated the genetic variability,demographic dynamics and diversification patterns of the two currently recognized Dipteronia species(Dipteronia sinensis and ***).Molecular data were obtained from 45 populations of Dipteronia by genotyping three cpDnA regions,two single copy nucl.ar genes and 15 simple sequence repeat *** genetic study was combined with niche comparison analyses on the environmental space,ecological niche modeling,and landscape connectivity *** found that the two Dipteronia species have highly diverged both in genetic and ecological *** the incipient speciation processes that can be observed in ***,the occurrence of long-term stable refugia and,particularly,a dispersal corridor along Daba Shan-west Qinling,likely ensured its genetic and ecological integrity to *** study will not only help us to understand how populations of Dipteronia species responded to the tectonic and climatic changes of the Cenozoic,but also provide insight into how Arcto-Tertiary relict plants in East Asia survived,evolved,and diversified.

关键词： Dipteronia Interspecific/intraspecific divergence Genetic structure Climatic niche divergence Dispersal corridor