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Analysis of doping control test results in individual and team sports from 2003 to 2015

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第2期9卷 160-169页

作者： Millan Aguilar-navarro Jesus Munoz-Guerra Maria del Mar Plara Juan Del Cosoa Exercise Physiology Laboratory Camilo Jose Cela UniversityMadrid28692Spain Faculty of Education Francisco de Vitoria UniversityMadrid28223Spain Department for Doping Control Spanish Agency for Health Protection in SportMadrid28016Spain Department of Education Spanish Agency for Health Protection in SportMadrid28016Spain

Background:Determining the prevalence of doping in sport might be useful for anti-doping authorities to gauge the effectiveness of anti-doping policies implemented to prevent positive attitudes toward doping.Using questionnaires and personal interviews,previous investigations have found that the prevalence of doping might be different among different sports disciplines;however,there is no sport-specific information about the proportion of adverse and atypical findings(AAF) in samples used for doping control.The aim of the present investigation was to assess the differences in the frequency of adverse analytical and atypical findings among sports using the data made available by the World Anti-Doping Agency.Methods:The data included in this investigation were gathered from the Testing Figures Reports made available annually from 2003 to 2015 by the World Anti-Doping Agency.These Testing Figures Reports include information about the number of samples analyzed,the number of AAFs reported,and the most commonly found drugs in the urine and blood samples analyzed.A total of 1,347,213 samples were analyzed from the individual sports selected for this investigation,and 698,371 samples were analyzed for disciplines catalogued as team sports.Results:In individual sports,the highest proportions of AAF were 3.3%±1.0% in cycling,3.0%±0.6% in weightlifting,and 2.9%±0.6% in boxing.In team sports,the highest proportions of AAF were 2.2%±0.5% in ice hockey,2.0%±0.5% in rugby,and 2.0%±0.5% in basketball.Gymnastics and skating had the lowest proportions at(≤1.0%) for individual sports,and field hockey,volleyball and football had the lowest proportions for team sports(≤1.4%).Conclusion:As suggested by the analysis,the incidence of AAF was not uniform across all sports disciplines,with the different proportions pointing to an uneven use of banned substances depending on the sport.This information might be useful for increasing the strength and efficacy of anti-doping policies in those sports with the highest prevalence in the use of

关键词： Anti-doping Attitude Banned drugs Elite athlete Type of sport

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non-guided self-learning program for high-proficiency optical diagnosis of diminutive and small colorectal lesions: A single-endoscopist pilot study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第10期25卷 1278-1287页

作者： Marco Bustamante-Balén Carla Satorres Lorena Puchades Belén navarro natalia García-Morales noelia Alonso Marta Ponce Lidia Argüello Vicente Pons-Beltrán Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Group Gastrointestinal Endoscopy UnitDigestive Diseases DepartmentLa Fe Polytechnic University Hospital Digestive Diseases Department La Fe Polytechnic University Hospital Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit Digestive Diseases DepartmentLa Fe Polytechnic University Hospital

BACKGROUnD The implementation of optical diagnosis(OD) of diminutive colorectal lesions in clinical practice has been hampered by differences in performance between community and academic settings. One possible cause is the lack of a standardized learning tool. Since the factors related to better learning are not well described, strong evidence upon which a consistent learning tool could be designed is lacking. We hypothesized that a self-designed learning program may be enough to achieve competency in OD of diminutive lesions of the colon.AIM To assess the accuracy of OD of diminutive lesions in real colonoscopies after application of a self-administered learning program.METHODS This was a single-endoscopist prospective pilot study, in which an experienced endoscopist followed a self-designed, self-administered learning program in OD of colorectal lesions. An assessment phase divided in two halves with a 6-mo period in between without performance of OD was developed in a populationbased colorectal cancer screening program. The accomplishment of the Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable Endoscopic Innovations criteria and performance measures were calculated overall and in the two halves of the assessment phase, assessing their response to the 6-mo stopping period. The evolution of performance through blocks of 50 lesions was also assessed.RESULTS Overall, 152 patients and 522 lesions(≤ 5 mm: 399, and 6-9 mm: 123) were included. The negative predictive value for the OD of adenoma in rectosigmoid lesions diagnosed with high confidence was 91.7% [95% confidence interval(CI):87.3-96.6]. The proportion of agreement on surveillance interval between OD and pathological diagnosis was higher than 95%. Overall accuracy for diminutive lesions diagnosed with high confidence was 89.5%(95%CI: 86.3-92.7). The overall accuracy of OD was similar in the two halves of the assessment phase [90.1(95%CI: 85.6-94.7) vs 88.2(95%CI: 87.9-95.9)]. All the other performance parameters were also equivalent, except for specificity. Spec

关键词： Optical diagnosis Accuracy Learning Polyp Colonoscopy Education

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ApoB-100, ApoE and CYP7A1 gene polymorphisms in Mexican patients with cholesterol gallstone disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第37期16卷 4685-4690页

作者： Sánchez-Cuén Jaime Aguilar-Medina Maribel Arámbula-Meraz Eliakym Romero-navarro José Granados Julio Sicairos-Medina Laura Ramos-Payán Rosalío División de Gastroenterología Hospital Regional ISSSTE Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas Doctorado en Biotecnología y Maestría en Ciencias Biomédicas Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa División de Inmunogenética Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

AIM: To determine the possible association of the ApoB100 (Xba Ⅰ ), ApoE (Hha Ⅰ ) and CYP7A1 (Bsa Ⅰ ) gene polymorphisms, with the development of cholesterol gallstone disease (GD) in a Mexican population. METHODS: The polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism, in two groups matched by ethnicity, age and sex: patients with GD (n = 101) and stone-free control subjects (n = 101). RESULTS: Allelic frequencies in patients and controls were: 34.16% vs 41.58% (P = 0.124) for X+of ApoB-100; 4.46% vs 5.94% (P = 0.501) for E2, 85.64% vs 78.22% (P = 0.052) for E3, 9.90% vs 15.84% (P = 0.075) for E4 of ApoE; and 25.74% vs 27.72% (P = 0.653) for C of CYP7A1. Differences in genotypic frequencies between the studied groups were not significant (P nCLUSIOn: These results demonstrated that no association exists between the studied polymorphisms and cholelithiasis in this high prevalent population.

关键词： Apolipoprotein CYP7A1 Gallstones Mexicans Polymorphisms

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Analysis of tumor-draining vein secretome: A direct access to tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in surgical lung cancer patients

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BIOCELL 2023年第5期47卷 951-957页

作者： YAnGYI HE DAVID SAnCHEZ-LOREnTE MELISSA ACOSTA-PLASEnCIA MARC BOADA AnGELA GUIRAO RAMOn MMARRADES LAUREAnO MOLInS ALFOnS navarro Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory Department of Surgery and Surgical SpecializationsHuman Anatomy UnitFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversitat de Barcelona(UB)Barcelona08036Spain School of Basic Medical Sciences Chengdu UniversityChengdu610106China Department of Thoracic Surgery Hospital Clínic de BarcelonaUniversitat de Barcelona(UB)Barcelona08036Spain Thoracic Oncology Unit Hospital ClinicBarcelona08036Spain Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer(IDIBAPS) Barcelona08036Spain Department of Pneumology Institut Clínic Respiratori(ICR)Hospital Clínic de BarcelonaUniversitat de Barcelona(UB)Barcelona08036Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias(CIBERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid28029Spain

Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles(EVs)participate in the metastasis process through different mechanisms,including the preparation of the pre-metastatic niche to grant circulating tumor cells(CTCs)implantation and growth.The study of the metastasis process through the analysis of CTCs and tumor-derived EVs is difficult because of the dilution grade of these elements in peripheral blood.In early-stage lung cancer patients,the tumor-secreted products are even more diluted.An attractive strategy in surgical lung cancer patients is to purify them from a pulmonary tumor-draining vein where they are enriched.The information obtained from the analysis of EVs and CTCs purified from this source could give more accurate information about tumor biology and could be an important source of biomarkers to identify patients at high risk of relapse after curative surgery.

关键词： Lung cancer Liquid biopsy Tumor-draining vein Extracellular vesicles Exosomes

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Foraging, feeding, and physiological stress responses of wild wood mice to increased illumination and common genet cues

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 409-417页

作者： Alvaro navarro-CASTILLA Isabel BARJA Mario DíAZ Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Darwin 2 Campus Universitario de Cantolanco Madrid 28049 Spain Department of Biogeography and Global Change Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC Madrid 28006 Spain

In nature, animals are exposed to a broad range of threats imposed by predators, which may strongly influence the ecology of prey species directly or indirectly by affecting their behavior via fear of predation. Here, we studied wood mice behavioral and physiological responses to simulated predation risk. Risk avoidance was analyzed by live trapping with control traps and traps treated with feces of common genet (direct cue of risk) under new moon nights and following by simulated full moon conditions (indirect cue). The time devoted to foraging behavior and capture time were analyzed by video recording mice activity around traps. Food intake was calculated based on the amount of bait remaining in each trap. Fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCMs) were measured by enzyme-immunoassay as indicators of physiological stress responses. Fewer wood mice were captured during full moon, yet only non-breeding adult males clearly avoided common genet odor. Mice were captured sooner at night during the simulated full moon conditions and later in predator-treated traps. Foraging activity was lower when individuals faced predator's feces, but neither food intake nor FCM levels were affected by predation risk cues. Direct and indirect cues of predation risk selectively affected wood mice behavior, although behavioral responses seem to be modulated by different costs-benefit balances related to the individual's perception of risk. The lack of physiological responses to predation risk cues suggests that wood mice did not perceive them as reliable stressors or the response was too small or transient to be measured by FCM.

关键词：老鼠生理压力个人风险食肉动物猫麝照明

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Continuous frequency and phase spectrograms: a study of their 2D and 3D capabilities and application to musical signal analysis

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第2期9卷 199-206页

作者： Laurent navarro Guy COURBEBAISSE Jean-Charles PInOLI Ecole nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne Centre Ingénierie et Santé (CIS) and LPMG UMR 5148 CNRS 158 cours Fauriel 42023 Saint-Etienne cedex 2 France Medical Imaging Research Center (CREATIS-LRMn) UMR 5220 CNRS U630 INSERM Université Lyon 1 INSA Lyon Bat. Blaise Pascal 7 Av. Jean Capelle 69621 Villeurbanne France

A new lighting and enlargement on phase spectrogram(PS)and frequency spectrogram(FS)is presented in this paper.These representations result from the coupling of power spectrogram and short time Fourier transform(STFT).The main con-tribution is the construction of the 3D phase spectrogram(3DPS)and the 3D frequency spectrogram(3DFS).These new tools allow such specific test signals as small slope linear chirp,phase jump and small frequency jump to be analyzed.An application case of musical signal analysis is reported.The main objective is to detect small frequency and phase variations in order to characterize each type of sound attack without losing the amplitude information given by power spectrogram.

关键词：信号分析通信技术频率光谱相位光谱

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Can probiotics benefit children with autism spectrum disorders?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第46期22卷 10093-10102页

作者： fernando navarro Yuying Liu Jon Marc Rhoads Department of Pediatrics Division of Gastroenterology the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Mc Govern Medical School

Children with autism are commonly affected by gastrointestinal problems such as abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of probiotics in this population, as it hypothetically may help to improve bowel habits and the behavioral and social functioning of these individuals. The gut microbiome plays an important role in the pathophysiology of organic as well as functional gastrointestinal disorders. Microbial modification with the use of antibiotics, probiotics, and fecal transplantation have been effective in the treatment of conditions such as recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, pouchitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. The present review presents a number of reported clinical, immunological and microbiomerelated changes seen in children with autism compared to normally developed children. It also discusses gut inflammation, permeability concerns, and absorption abnormalities that may contribute to these problems. Most importantly, it discusses evidence, from human and animal studies, of a potential role of probiotics in the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism.

关键词： Microbiome 胃肠发炎功能的肠疾病 Probiotics 孤独性

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Lipid bound extended release buprenorphine(high and low doses)and sustained release buprenorphine effectively attenuate post-operative hypersensitivity in an incisional pain model in mice(Mus musculus)

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2021年第2期4卷 129-137页

作者： Kaela navarro Katechan Jampachaisri Monika Huss Cholawat Pacharinsak Department of Comparative Medicine Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Mathematics Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand

Background:Extended-release buprenorphine(XR)is indicated for pain management in rodents,but little is known about its use in mice.This study aimed to investigate whether high dose XR effectively attenuates post-operative hypersensitivity better than low dose XR in a mouse model of incisional pain.Methods:Mice(n 44)were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups:(a)saline(1 ml/kg SC,once);(b)sustained release buprenorphine(Bup-SR,1 mg/kg SC,once);(c)low dose extended-release buprenorphine(XR-lo,3.25 mg/kg SC,once);(d)high dose extended-release buprenorphine(XR-hi,6.5 mg/kg SC,once).On days􀆴1,0(4 hours),1,2,and 3,mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities were evaluated,and plasma buprenorphine concentrations were measured.Results:Mechanical(days 0-2)and thermal(days 0-1)hypersensitivities were ob-served in the saline group.Bup-SR,XR-lo,and XR-hi attenuated mechanical hyper-sensitivity on days 0,1,and 2.none of the treatment groups,except XR-Lo on day 0,attenuated thermal hypersensitivity on days 0 or 1.Plasma buprenorphine concen-tration peaked at 4 hours(day 0)in all treatment groups and remained greater than 1 ng/mL on days 0-2.no abnormal clinical observations or gross pathologic findings were seen in any groups.Conclusion:The results indicate XR-hi did not effectively attenuate post-operative hypersensitivity better than XR-lo.Thus both 3.25 and 6.5 mg/kg XR are recom-mended for attenuating post-operative hypersensitivity for at least up to 48 hours in mice.

关键词： analgesia analgesics buprenorphine mouse pain management

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Effects of asymmetric dimethylarginine on renal arteries in portal hypertension and cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第48期22卷 10545-10556页

作者： Gloria Segarra Belén Cortina María Dolores Mauricio Susana novella Paloma Lluch Javier navarrete-navarro Inmaculada noguera Pascual Medina Department of Physiology University of Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVAHospital Clínico Universitario Valencia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Institute of Health Research InCLIVA Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia

AIM To evaluate the effects of asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA) in renal arteries from portal hypertensive and cirrhotic rats.METHODS Rat renal arteries from Sham(n = 15), pre-hepatic portal hypertension(PPVL; n = 15) and bile duct ligation and excision-induced cirrhosis(BDL; n = 15) were precontracted with norepinephrine, and additional contractions were induced with ADMA(10-6-10-3 mol/L), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide(nO) synthase. Concentration-response curves to acetylcholine(1 × 10-9^(-3) × 10^(-6) mol/L) were determined in precontractedrenal artery segments with norepinephrine in the absence and in the presence of ADMA. Kidneys were collected to determine the protein expression and activity of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase(DDAH), an enzyme that catabolizes ADMA. RESULTS In renal arteries precontracted with norepinephrine, ADMA caused endothelium-dependent contractions. The pD 2 values to ADMA were similar in the Sham and PPVL groups(4.20 ± 0.08 and 4.11 ± 0.09, P > 0.05, respectively), but were lower than those of the BDL group(4.79 ± 0.16, P ne-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation that did not differ, in terms of p D2 and maximal relaxation, among the 3 groups studied. Treatment with ADMA(3 × 10^(-4) mol/L) inhibited acetylcholine-induced relaxation in the 3 groups, but the inhibition was higher(P n the BDL group compared with that for the Sham and PPVL groups. The m RnA and protein expression of DDAH-1 were similar in kidneys from the three groups. Conversely, DDAH-2 expression was increased(P n PPVL and further enhanced(P n the BDL group. However, renal DDAH activity was significantly decreased in the BDL group. COnCLUSIOn Cirrhosis increased the inhibitory effect of ADMA on basal- and induced-release of nO in renal arteries, and decreased DDAH activity in the kidney.

关键词： Portal hypertension Cirrhosis nitric oxide Asymmetric dimethylarginine nitric oxide inhibitors Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase

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Polymorphism of the endothelin-1 gene(rs5370)is a potential contributor to sickle cell disease pathophysiology

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Genes & Diseases 2016年第4期3卷 294-298页

作者： Kristen G.navarro Smith E.Agyingi Chinedu K.nwabuobi Bolaji n.Thomas Department of Biomedical Sciences Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY14623USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of South FloridaTampaFLUSA

Sickle cell disease has been shown to demonstrate extensive variability in disease severity among and between individuals,the variability highlighted by differing genetic haplotypes.Despite the abundance of reports of functional significance due to polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(enOS)and endothelin-1(ET-1)genes,the role of these polymorphisms in mediating sickle cell disease pathophysiology among African Americans is presently unclear.To deconvolute their potential significance among African Americans with sickle cell disease,we examined the genetic diversity and haplotype frequency of enOS and ET-1 polymorphisms in disease(n Z 331)and control(n Z 379)groups,with a polymerase echain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.We report that genotypic and allelic frequencies of enOS variants are not significantly different between groups.enOS homozygote mutants,which had been shown to have clinical significance elsewhere,showed no statistical significance in our study.On the other hand,and contrary to previous report among Africans with sickle cell disease,the endothelin-1 homozygous mutant variant showed significant difference in genotypic(p Z 2.84E-12)and allelic frequencies(p Z 2.20E-16)between groups.The most common haplotype is the combination of T786C homozygote wildtype variant with homozygote mutant variants of G5665T(ET-1)and Glu298Asp(enOS).These results show that endothelin-1(rs5370)polymorphism,rather than endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism might play a significant role in disease severity or individual clinical outcomes among African Americans with sickle cell disease.This would have profound implications for designing and/or advancing personalized care for sickle cell patients and relieving disease complications.

关键词： Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Endothelin-1 Pathophysiology Polymorphisms Sickle cell disease

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