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Determinants of maternal mortality at the Community University Hospital of Bangui: Central African Republic

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第9期13卷 1478-1486页

作者： Gertrude Rose De Lima Kogboma Wongo Thibaut Boris Clavaire Songo-Kette Gbekere Rodrigue Herman Doyama-Woza siméon matoulou-m’bala wa-ngogbe Alida Koirokpi Sabrina Ouapou Georges Trésor Gamache Norbert Richard Ngbale Abdoulaye Sepou Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire Bangui Central African Republic Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de l’Amitié Sino Centrafricaine Bangui Central African Republic Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic

Introduction: Pregnancy is a physiological condition that can sometimes end in death. The death of a woman is a constant concern for the obstetrician and is considered a major public health problem in our developing countries. Objective: To identify the determinants that contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality in the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of the University Community Hospital. methodology: We conducted a retrospective study from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019 (5 years) in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire (CHUC). It focused on the determinants of maternal mortality. Our study population consisted of all women who died during the period and met the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of maternal mortality (mOmA). We used non-probability sampling with the exhaustive choice technique. Results: The study revealed that the number of deaths recorded was 98, while 17,172 live births were registered during the same period. The maternal mortality ratio was 570 per 100,000 live births. The most common age group was 20 to 24, with an average age of 26. The frequency of death among primiparous women was 37.74%, pauciparous women 28.30% and multiparous women 26.42%. Direct causes were dominated by abortion complications (22.41%), followed by infections (9.30%) and haemorrhage (8.19%). Indirect causes were dominated by anaemia with a proportion of 45.16%. The majority of maternal deaths occurred in the post-partum period (34.71%). most maternal deaths occurred after vaginal delivery, 19 cases (63.33%), while 11 deaths (36.66%) occurred after caesarean section. The occurrence of direct causes was associated with age less than or equal to 25 years, abortion complications and primiparity, with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: At the end of this study, complications of unsafe abortion and poverty are all factors contributing to the rise in the maternal mortality rate. Emp

关键词： maternal mortality Determinants Community Hospital

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Factors Associated with mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV at the maternity Unit of the Castors Urban Health Center in Bangui

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第5期13卷 950-959页

作者： Thibaut Boris Clavaire Songo-Kette Gbekere Gilles Davy Kossa-Ko-Ouakoua Gertrude Rose De Lima Kogboma Wongo Guerengbo Rodrigue Herman Doyama-Woza siméon matoulou-m’bala wa-ngogbe Alida Koirokpi Sabrina Ouapou Kelly mbano-Dede matike-Ayamboka Josué Eezchiel Sandjima Norbert Richard Ngbale The maternity Unit of the Centre de Santé Urbain des Castors Bangui Central African Republic Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire Bangui Central African Republic Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Maman Elisabeth Domitien Bimbo Central African Republic

Introduction: In spite of significant progress towards eliminating mother-to-child transmission (mCT) of HIV by 2025, trends in vertical mother-to-child transmission are still worrying in sub-Saharan African countries. This study aims to take stock of the factors associated with HIV mCT at the level of peripheral health training. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical retrospective study, over a five-year period from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2021. The study population was represented by HIV-positive women and their cared infants in the Parent-Child Transmission Prevention Unit (PCTP) of the Castors Urban Health Center (CUHC). Results: 288 medical records were selected out of a total of 347 HIV-positive mothers followed. HIV seroprevalence in the population of women who received PreNatal Consultation (PNC) during the study period was 8.2%. The HIV mCT rate was 3.7%. HIV+ mothers followed were mostly young (average age of 28), not living in a couple (96.9%), poorly educated (58.7%) and not engaged in income-generating activity (58.4%). They had all received triple therapy and the period of initiation of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy was in the majority of cases during the first trimester. Factors associated with mCT were: primiparity (OR = 18.4 [5.55 - 61.05];Khi2 = 32.61;p 2 = 55.22;p 2 = 108.73;p mm3 (OR = 14.12 [4.03 - 57.20];Khi2 = 21.68;p 1000 copies/mm3 (OR = 8.85 [2.33 - 43.20];Khi2 = 10.46;p = 0.001), prolonged labor (OR = 12.33 [3.45 - 57.25];Khi2 = 18.47;p mature rupture of membranes (OR = 24.03 [6.97 - 96.01];Khi2 = 40.60;p 2 = 5.96;p = 0.014), and artificial or mixed breast

关键词： Factors Transmission mother-Child HIV Bangui

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Regulatory role of peroxynitrite in advanced glycation end products mediated diabetic cardiovascular complications

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 572-574页

作者： Asis bala Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory Division of Life SciencesInstitute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati 781035AssamIndia

The Advanced Glycation End Products(AGE)binding with its receptor can increase reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation through specific signaling *** effect of superoxide(O2-)and O2-mediated ROS and reactive nitrogen species depends on their concentration and location of *** oxide(NO)has anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties and a vasodilation effect,but NO can be deactivated by reacting with O_(2)^(-).This reaction between NO and O2-produces the potent oxidant ONOO−.Therefore,ONOO-'s regulatory role in AGEs in diabetic cardiovascular complications must considered as a regulator of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.

关键词： Diabetes Cardiovascular complication Advanced glycation end products Reactive oxygen species Reactive nitrogen species Peroxynitrite

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Entropy optimization on Casson nanofluid flow with radiation and Arrhenius activation energy over different geometries:A numerical and statistical approach

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Propulsion and Power Research 2024年第3期13卷 375-393页

作者： m.Priya P.bala Anki Reddy Department of mathematics S.A.S.Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

This study employs numerical and statistical approaches to investigate the entropy optimization of steady Casson nanofluidflow over three different geometries subject to boundary conditions induced by *** linear regression is employed to statistically *** present model incorporates several novel elements,such as Arrhenius activation energy,Brownian motion,the Cattaneo-Christov dualflux,thermophoresis,thermal radiation,and so ***,a comparison is presented between Newtonian and *** applying the proper similarity transformations,ordinary differential equations(ODEs)are ob-tained by converting foundational partial differential equations(PDEs).The Runge-Kutta fourth-order method is utilised to solve the obtained ODEs along with the shooting *** out-comes are visually depicted via tables and *** velocity drops with increasing Grashof number,and the magneticfield becomes progressively more forceful as the suction parameter *** temperature gets reduced with the increase of the suction parameter,solute Grashof number increases with the magneticfield,thermophoresis,and radiation *** entropy is observed to rise with the increase of the effective parameters(magneticfield,Brinkmann num-ber and radiation).The mAD(mean absolute deviation),mSE(mean squared error),and RmSE(root mean square error)values are approaching zero,indicating that the derived outcomes are highly accurate.A lower mAPE(mean absolute percentage error)suggests that the model has a higher level of ***,the outcomes of the present model are more precise and *** study has various potential applications such as power plant heat exchangers,material processing industries,and solar thermal energy systems.

关键词： Cassonfluid Arrhenius activation energy Entropy generation Thermophoresis multiple linear regression

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A review on the scale-up of high-shear wet granulation processes and the impact of process parameters

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Particuology 2024年第9期92卷 180-195页

作者： Ana Rita Alves marta Filipe simões Sérgio simões João Gomes University of Coimbra CERESDepartment of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyRua Sílvio Lima3030-790CoimbraPortugal Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica São Martinho do BispoCoimbra3045-016Portugal Faculty of Pharmacy University of CoimbraAzinhaga de Santa Comba3000-548CoimbraPortugal

Wet granulation is one of the most important agglomeration processes,and high-shear granulation(HSG)one of the most employed technologies in the pharmaceutical *** most critical process parameters of HSG are discussed in this *** main concern in scaling up the wet granulation process is the differences between scales,which prevent the particles from having the same experience across all *** scale-up of wet granulation processes is commonly divided into two categories:engineering and attribute-based *** engineering-based scale-up approach is a strategy based on dimensional analysis and an attribute-based supported on the principles of“equifinality”,where process variables are adjusted to obtain equivalent granule *** work presents the effect of different HSG process parameters on the scale-up,as well as the use of process analytical tools(PAT)and modelling *** aim is to review applied scale-up approaches in HSG and discuss benefits and *** is proven why the scale-up for oral solid pharmaceutical products is still considered a hot topic and a very challenging task for development and engineering teams.

关键词： High-shear wetgranulation Parametric-based Attribute-based Physics-based modelling Impeller design Scale-up

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Topical ocular administration of DPP-Ⅳ inhibitors:a new approach for treating diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 713-714页

作者： Rafael simó Cristina Hernández Diabetes and metabolism Research Unit Vall d’Hebron Research Institute(VHIR) Department of medicine Autonomous University of Barcelona Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades metabólicas Asociadas(CIBERDEm) Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ(ICSⅢ)

Retinal neurodegeneration plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy(DR),the leading cause of preventable *** fact,the American Diabetes Association has defined DR as a highly specific neurovascular complication(Solomon et al.,2017).Therefore,it is no longer acceptable to consider DR as merely a microvascular *** this regard,the term diabetic retinal disease(DRD)has been proposed as a broader term comprising microangiopathy and ***,there are currently no treatments available that directly target the neurodegenerative changes of *** paper will give new insights into the translational research in this field with particular emphasis on glucagon-like peptide 1/dipeptidyl peptidase IV(GLP-1/DPP-IV)inhibitors.

关键词： neurodegeneration ocular insight

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Colorimetric Sensor for Detection of Tabun mimic Diethyl Cyanophosphonate

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第3期8卷 374-384页

作者： madhu bala Dheeraj Pandey Nikita Patel Sheetal Yadav Abha Sharma Department of medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research RaebareliTransit Campus

Herein,a colorimetric chemosensor （probe 7） was designed and synthesized for sensing diethyl cyanophosphonate （DCNP）,a Tabun nerve agent *** sensitive,selective,fast response and photostable probe 7 in dimethylsulfoxide （DmSO）responded to DCNP at low concentrations with visual naked eye color change from pink to pale yellow and displayed unresponsive behaviour against various interferences except for copper ions,which can be di?erentiated by adding ethylene diamine where the yellow color persisted in the case of DCNP but turned to pink in the case of copper ***,the yellow aqueous solution of probe 7 at pH 10 and 12 turned colorless against the response of *** limit of detection（LOD） of probe 7 was found to be 50 nmol/L in an aqueous basic solution at pH 10 for the detection of *** formation of the cyclized product was elucidated by1H and31P NmR nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NmR,31P NmR),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）,and high-resolution mass spectrometry （HRmS） ***?lter paper and silica plate loaded with probe 7 were fabricated for real-time and on-site detection of DCNP.

关键词： Chemosensor Colorimetric Fluorescence Tabun mimic

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modification strategies improving the electrochemical and structural stability of high-Ni cathode materials

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 185-205页

作者： Yoon Bo sim Hami Lee Junyoung mun Ki Jae Kim Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea School of Advanced materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology(SIEST) Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

With the increasing spotlight in electric vehicles,there is a growing demand for high-energy-density batteries to enhance driving ***,several studies have been conducted on high-energy-density LiNi_(x)Co_(y)mn_(z)O_(2)***,there is a limit to permanent performance deterioration because of side reactions caused by moisture in the atmosphere and continuous microcracks during cycling as the Ni content to express high energy increases and the content of mn and Co that maintain structural and electrochemical stabilization *** direct modification of the surface and bulk regions aims to enhance the capacity and long-term performance of high-Ni cathode ***,an efficient modification requires a study based on a thorough understanding of the degradation mechanisms in the surface and bulk *** this review,a comprehensive analysis of various modifications,including doping,coating,concentration gradient,and single crystals,is conducted to solve degradation issues along with an analysis of the overall degradation mechanism occurring in high-Ni cathode *** also summarizes recent research developments related to the following modifications,aims to provide notable points and directions for post-studies,and provides valuable references for the commercialization of stable high-energy-density cathode materials.

关键词： High energy density High-Ni cathode materials Degradation Structural stability Lithium-ion battery

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Dual innervation method to preserve erectile function following prostatectomy

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Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2024年第3期6卷 159-160页

作者： Nadia Hui Shan sim Allen sim Dayna sim Bien-Keem Tan Allen Wei-Jiat Wong Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery ServiceSengkang General Hospital544886Singapore Department of Urology Mount Alvernia Hospital Singapore574623Singapore Department of General Surgery Sengkang General Hospital544886Singapore Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgerySingapore General Hospital169608Singapore

Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in ***-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)has altered the landscape of prostate cancer *** the excellent oncological outcomes associated with RARP,the rate of erectile dysfunction(ED)remains *** repair of disrupted cavernous nerves with interpositional nerve grafts has been described;however,the outcomes have been *** hypothesize that this is attributed to Schwann cell atrophy and axonal regeneration limitations caused by long nerve *** proposed the use of nerve transfer to support axonal regrowth via an inter-positional graft with additional donor axons.A cadaveric study was performed to evaluate the anatomical feasibility of a vastus lateralis nerve(VLN)transfer to the distal recipient cavernous nerve *** VLN is long with multiple branching patterns that allow tension-free coaptation of the cavernous *** postulate that a dual innervation method using VLN nerve transfer together with interpositional nerve graft repair of the transacted cavernous nerves may improve the outcomes of ED post-RARP.

关键词： Erectile dysfunction Prostatectomy Interposition nerve graft Nerve transfer Vastus lateralis nerve

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mXene-based hybrid materials for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical H_(2) generation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 111-125,I0004页

作者： Jun Young Kim Seung Hun Roh Chengkai Xia Uk sim Jung Kyu Kim School of material Science and Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon 16419Republic of Korea Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory Korea Institute of Energy Technology(KENTECH)NajuJeollanamdo 58330Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology(SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon 16419Republic of Korea

The conversion of solar energy to produce clean hydrogen fuel through water splitting is an emerging strategy for efficiently storing solar energy in the form of solar *** aligns with the increasing global demand for the development of an ideal energy alternative to fossil fuels that does not emit greenhouse ***(EC) and photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting technologies have garnered significant attention worldwide for advanced hydrogen solar fuel production in recent *** achieve sustainable green H_(2) production,it is essential to create efficient catalyst materials that are low-cost and can replace expensive noble metal-based *** characteristics make them an ideal catalyst material for the ***-dimensional mXenes with m_(n+1)X_(n) structure have been identified as a promising option for EC and PEC water splitting due to their superior hydrophilicity,metal-like conductivity,large surface area,and adjustable surface ***,we present a summary of recent advancements in the synthesis and performance enhancement methods for mXene hybrid materials in hydrogen production through EC and PEC water ***,we examine the challenges and insights associated with the rational design of mXene-based hybrid materials to facilitate efficient water splitting for sustainable solar fuel production.

关键词： mXene Hybrid materials EC PEC HER OER water splitting

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