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The Knowledge of Antibiotics in Veternary Students and Repercution in Human Health

Health 2020年第12期12卷 1632-1639页

作者： silvia D. peña Betancourt silvia denise posadas peña Lyda Y. Parra-Forero Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal Laboratorio de Toxicología Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Ciudad de México Mexico Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Ciudad de México México Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal Ciudad de México Mexico

The concept of single health is currently undoubtedly one of the most relevant in pandemic times, where humans and animals are together in the same world. penicillin was discovered in the last century by Alexander Fleming, used against infectious agents mainly of bacterial types, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Brucella and Mycobacterium are examples of cattle pathogens. The bacteria have developed defense mechanisms allowing them to survive in the host cell (mutation) even in the presence of antimicrobials (bacterial selection). The aim of the study was to examine the degree of knowledge of antibiotics through a structured survey of ten questions, addressed to eighty-six students from the Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics in 2019. Based on the information collected and after analyzing their answers, 63.14% of the students work in Clinics and Universities, 89.47% recognize the need for a quantified prescription, 47.36% mentioned that the Veterinary Medicine can prescribe antimicrobials, 52.63% support the use of antimicrobials for all microorganisms including viruses, 52.63% use the labeling to consult the withdrawal time and 100% identify that it is the withdrawal time and the practices that lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance. It is concluded that most of the students identify malpractice as the trigger for bacterial resistance, however their knowledge is not adequate to avoid antibiotic resistance to humans. It is recommended to reinforce the courses of microbiology, pharmacology and virology in the Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics degree, as well as to be updated on alternatives such as the use of phytobiotics.

关键词： Antibiotics Resistance Bacteria Veterinary Students

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Microbiota and Mycotoxins in Trilinear Hybrid Maize Produced in Natural Environments at Central Region in Mexico

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第9期6卷 671-676页

作者： peña Betancourt silvia denise Toxicology Laboratory Department of Agricultural and Animal Production Autonomous Metropolitan University Unit-Xochimilco Mexico City Mexico

Mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in 3 inbred lines (hybrids resistant to corn ear rot) were identified in twenty samples. The maize (Zea mays) accessions were collected in five plots of two municipalities in High Valley, state of Hidalgo. The fungal population was determined with a microbiological dilution method used two culture media (PDA and ELA), for the detection of mycotoxins with thin layer chromatography with visual inspection in UV light and a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA). The results showed high moisture content in all hybrids evaluated on an average of 38.3% and a 1.8 × 103 UFC/g fungus, values within the permitted limits by the Mexican legislation;however the most prevalent fungi were Fusarium sp. (76%), Alternaria sp. (14%), penicillium sp. (4%) and Aspergillus sp. (5%), and the species Aspergillus nidulas, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium poae, and penicillium ochraceum. The aflatoxin concentration was observed in a range from 2 to 13 ng/g and 370 to 660 ng/g to fumonisins. It is concluded that trilinear corn hybrids have a variety of pathogenic potential fungi. The two genetic hybrids showed levels of aflatoxins and fumonisin safe for human consumption, contrary to one hybrid, with a content not suitable for human consumption. A better understanding of genetic hybrids corn will improve predictive mycotoxin contamination.

关键词： Zea mays L. Mycotoxins Fungi Corn Hybrid

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Estimation of Mycotoxin Multiple Contamination in Mexican Hybrid Seed Maize by HPLC-MS/MS

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 1089-1097页

作者： silvia denise pena Betancourt Benjamín Valladares Carranza Eduardo posadas Manzano Department of Animal and Agricultural Production Laboratory of ToxicologyUAM-XMéxicoD.F.México Center of Research and Studies in Animal Health FMVZUAEMTolucaMéxico Department of Animal Ruminants Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUNAMMéxicoD.F.México

In Mexico, the presence of mycotoxins in chemical treated seed maize by sowing is not well known, despite the need to improve the quality and corn safe for human consumption. It collected twenty-five genotypes maize samples from Morelos State in the spring of 2013, all of them treated with synthetic colors (pink, green, yellow), fungicides and insecticides. Two samples (synthetic seed and hybrid commercial) were selected for analysis of twenty-two mycotoxins by LC-MS/MS and AFB1 determination by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The results of the 25 samples showed the presence of Aflatoxin B1 in 25% of samples in a ranged concentration between 2 to 6 μg·kg-1, and average of 4.1-1 μg·kg, which were within the allowed limits by national and international legislation. Twenty-two mycotoxins were found in levels ranging between 791.7 and 891.2 μg·kg. The content average in both samples was for total aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AG2) of 16.95 μg·kg, with G aflatoxins the most prevalence. Twelve trichothecenes (Nivalenol, Neosolanol, Fusarenone X, DAS, HT-2, FB1, FB2, FB3, T-2, Zearalenone, ZEA2, ZEA3) were in a level of 292.7 μg·kg-1, Enniantine 8.6 μg·kg-1, Sterigmatocystin 6.5 μg·kg-1, Roquefortine C, 2.9 μg·kg-1. Ochratoxin 8.8 μg·kg-1 and Mycophenolic acid at 535 μg·kg-1 were the highest content. The synthetic color present in seeds analyzed inhibited a good purification in the extracted mycotoxin by optimizing the step in HPLC-MS/MS quantification system. The information generated in this study would be useful in breeding programs in order to improve the sanitary quality and also to investigate the final contamination of agricultural products with multiple mycotoxin contamination.

关键词： Maize Seed Warehouse Moulds Mycotoxins HPLC MS/MS

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Recombinant protein detection and its content in total protein, lipids and toxic antinutritional substances in Mexican maize

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Health 2013年第10期5卷 9-13页

作者： pena Betancourt silvia denise posadas Manzano Eduardo Valladares Carranza Benjamin Laboratorio de Toxicologia Departamento de Produccion Agricola y AnimalUAM-XochimilcoMexicoD.F.Mexico Departamento de Rumiantes Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAMMexicoD.F.Mexico 3Centro de Investigacion y Estudios avanzados en salud animalFMVZ-UAEMMexico

The engineering genetic technology has developed Bt maize events which contain recombinant protein that will be safe for the consumer. The aflatoxins are contaminants present in maize capable of producing cancer and decreasing the immune response in human, additionally contained polyphenols compounds considered non nutritive. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of recombinant protein in hybrid and local varieties of corn and evaluate the content of aflatoxins and tannins. 25 samples of white grain maize for human consumption were collected, 12 were for hybrid maize and 13 local varieties, from the states of Hidalgo, Mexico and Morelos. Samples were analyzed for Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac, using lateral flow strip method, crude protein and lipids by standard methods. Aflatoxins were assessed by comercial Elisa kit and tannins by spectroscopy method. The data were grouped in a completely random model and an analysis of variance was performed. The results indicated that 44.5% of hybrid corn was positive by Bt-Cry1Ab/1Ac proteins, containing 9.02% ± 2.5 lipids and 11.33% ± 2.2 crude protein, 189 ± 0.92 mg/g of tannins and 6.36 ± 3.3 μg·g-1 aflatoxins. The local maize samples (55.5%) were negative to Bt-Cry1Ab/ Cry1Ac, which protein content was of 8.68% ± 0.90, 6.14% lipids ± 2.3, 273 ± 0.40 mg/100g tannin and 7.15 ± 3.3 μg·g-1 of aflatoxins. In conclusion, we observed an improvement of nutrient composition in hybrid maize with Bt proteins, and decrease in tannins content comparing with some local varieties without Bt proteins. The effectiveness of Bt maize expressing the Cry1Ab/ Cry1Ac in reducing aflatoxin contamination was not observed, therefore, additive affects of aflatoxins contamination in maize Bt-Cry need to be further investigated in cancer disease development.

关键词： Transgenic Maize Mycotoxins Safety Toxicants Anti-Nutritional Protein

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A Comparison of the Effect of 20-and 40-Min Session Durations of External Counterpulsation on Neuromuscular Function,Cortisol and Comfort in Physically Active Young Men

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第2期3卷 138-146页

作者： Ruben Collins Massimiliano Ditroilo Katy Horner silvia Eusebi denise McGrath School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science University College DublinDublinIreland Institute for Sport and Health University College DublinDublinIreland Physiology Unit Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly

Objectives External Counterpulsation (ECP) is a well-established treatment for coronary disease,with interest growing in the potential to act as a sports recovery modality or pre-performance *** pilot study compared the effects of dif-ferent ECP durations upon neuromuscular function (NF),cortisol and subjective perceptions in a rested *** Eleven physically active male volunteers received two ECP treatments (Renew Sport,Singapore) of differing duration (20-min and 40-min) in a randomised,repeated measures crossover *** occurred pre-ECP,post-ECP,and 24-h *** testing comprised counter-movement jumps (CMJs) and 6-s sprint *** samples were analysed for *** of perceived Exertion (Rpe,6 to 20) and Bipolar Comfort Scales (-10 to 10) quantified partici-pants' experiences,and ECP duration preference was *** measures ANOVA and effect size (ES:Cohen's d) analysed NF and cortisol *** t-tests analysed Rpe and comfort *** ECP demonstrated no effect,neither positive nor negative,upon NF outcome measures in both groups.A trend of reduced salivary cortisol levels across both groups following ECP was observed (P =0.066).No Rpe difference existed between groups.20-min of ECP was rated as significantly more comfortable than 40-min (P pect to effects upon NF and salivary *** use of ECP warrants further investigation for potential benefits to performance before it can be proposed as an effective preparatory modality.

关键词： Pre-competition preparation Priming effect Salivary biomarkers peak power Maximum force

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Proximate Composition,Fatty Acid Profile and Mycotoxin Contamination in Several Varieties of Mexican Maize

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 865-872页

作者： silvia denise pena Betancourt Rey Gutiérrez Tolentino Beatriz Schettino Toxicology Laboratory Department of Agricultural and Animal Production Autonomous Metropolitan UniversityMexico CityMexico

In Mexico maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal due to excellent taste and nutritional value. Nutritional content and fatty acid profile has been reported in white maize, however, there are several genotypes natives (red, yellow, black, blue, pinto), and many improved hybrids maize of which little is known. Fumonisins and aflatoxins are mycotoxins present in 25% of the world’s cereals, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. This study presents the analysis of proximate composition (ash, protein, lipids), as well as mycotoxins (fumonisins and aflatoxins) and five different fatty acids, two of saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) and three of polyunsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and linolenic), evaluated by Gas Chromatography and Flame Detector (GC-DF). Thirty varieties of maize (native and hybrid maize) were collected in states of central region. The total fumonisins were determined using the QuickTox TM extraction and quantificated by QuickScan fumonisins;the aflatoxins were analyzed by commercial ELISA kit. The highest protein level was 10.43 g/100g, 5.63 g/100g for fat, 1.62 g/100g for ash in hybrid maize. In native maize, the highest levels of protein and ash were 10.94 g/100g and 1.45 g/100g for pinto maize. The higher value for fat was 5.45 g/100g in yellow maize. The palmitic and stearic acids, in native maize were higher that hybrid maize, for linoleic acid and linoleinic fatty with a significant difference between native corn. Fumonisins and aflatoxins were contaminated in all genotypes of maize, in allow levels. This information obtained may be considered in maize breeding programs, industrialization processes and healthy diets.

关键词： Zea mays L. Fatty Acid Profile Fumonisins Aflatoxins Mexican Corn

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Fossil Stomatocysts in Upper Cretaceous Sedimentary Pyrite from Central Mexico

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第2期5卷 214-221页

作者： Carlos Castaneda-posadas Alberto Blanco-Pinon Juan Hernandez-Avila silvia P.Ambrocio-Cruz Liliana Lizarraga-Mendiola Susana A.Angeles-Trigueros Laboratorio de Paleontologia-Escuela de Biologia Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de PueblaPueblaMexico Area Academica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales Universidad Autonoma del Estado de HidalgoHidalgoMexico Area Academica de Ingenieria Universidad Autonoma del Estado de HidalgoHidalgoMexico Instituto de Geologia Universidad Autonoma de San Luis PotosiSan Luis PotosiMexico

In this paper six fossil forms of Chrysophycean stomatocysts are described. The material was collected from sedimentary pyrite embedded in well-laminated organic-rich limestone of the Upper Cretaceous Agua Nueva Formation at the locality of Xilitla, Central Mexico. The stomatocysts are represented by two spherical specimens with smooth surfaces lacking of ornamentation, three ovoid forms with rugose textures, one of them exposing presence of pore without collar, and one spherical specimen showing rugose texture and the presence of two short and rounded projections. The specimens here described showed affinity with some stomatocysts morphotypes described for brackish and fresh water, but not for known marine specimens. The presence of these microfossils in the Agua Nueva Formation represents the first formal description of fossil stomatocysts in Upper Cretaceous sedimentary pyrite in Mexico. The occurrence of both micro (planktonic foraminifera, calcispheres, radiolarians) and macrobiota (ammonites, inoceramid bivalves and fishes) and the presence of the specimens in sedimentary pyrite suggest that the stomatocysts were preserved under oxygen-deficiency conditions in a low energy environment. This event could have occurred in open marine waters in the Tampico-Misantla basin (Central Mexico) during the late Cenomanian throughout the early Turonian.

关键词： Fossil Stomatocysts Upper Cretaceous Agua Nueva Formation Mexico Sedimentary Pyrite

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Raising of Horn Fly Haematobia irritans(L.)(Diptera:Muscidae)in Laboratory by Means of Egg and Larva Inoculation

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Advances in Entomology 2014年第2期2卷 76-80页

作者： Luiz Gustavo Ferraz Lima Carolina Aparecida Carlin Beloti silvia Helena Venturoli perri Carlos Noriyuki Kaneto Katia denise Saraiva Bresciani Angelo Pires do Prado Veterinary Medicine Aracatuba School Universidade Estadual PaulistaAracatuba CampusAracatubaBrazil Department of Parasitology Institute of BiosciencesUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasBrazil

Several studies have required Haematobia irritans (L.) raising in laboratory. The present study assessed two methods of inoculating immature forms of H. irritans to obtain adults. In 2007, 15 Nellore steers (Bos indicus) (L.) were used for the collection of feces free of anthelmintic treatment and flies to produce for eggs and larva. For method I, 30 eggs were incubated in square filter paper (5 × 5 cm) and deposited on bovine feces (500 g) where they were kept until hatching and spontaneous penetration of larvae (L1) into the fecal mass. After 24 h, eggs were analyzed under a stereoscope microscope (40×) for the number of larvae that instinctively penetrated the feces. In method II, larvae were obtained only by natural egg hatching. At birth, 30 larvae were collected and individually inoculated, directly onto the fecal plate by employing a moistened brush. The tests were carried out at controlled temperature (28°C ± 2°C) and saturated humidity (80%) until the emergence of flies with both methods. The number of emerged flies was considered in the result. Using method I, 276 (76.7%) flies emerged from 360 inoculated eggs, while using method II, 283 (78.6%) flies emerged from 360 inoculated larvae. There was no significant difference (P = 0.7821) between methods for the number of flies;however, the proportion between males and females by means of larva inoculation was different from 1:1 (P = 0.0146). Results indicated that both methods led to a satisfactory production of flies and egg inoculation provided an easier establishment.

关键词： Haematobia irritans Horn Fly Hatched Egg Methods Breeding

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