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Ectopic papilla of Vater in the pylorus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第41期15卷 5221-5223页

作者： Iván Guerra Luis Ramón Rábago Fernando Bermejo Elvira Quintanilla Silvia García-Garzón Gastroenterology Service University Hospital Severo Ochoa Leganés 28911 Madrid Spain

The major papilla of Vater is usually located in the second portion of the duodenum, to the posterior medial wall. Sometimes the mouth of the biliary duct is located in other areas. Drainage of the common bile duct into the pylorus is extremely rare. A 73-year old man, with a history of duodenal ulcer, was admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of cholangitis. Dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary duct was observed by abdominal ultrasonography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed. no area suggesting the presence of the papilla of Vater was found within the second duodenal portion. Finally the major papilla was located in the theoretical pyloric duct. Cholangiography was performed and choledocholithiasis was found in the biliary tree. The patient underwent dilatation of the papilla with a balloon tyre and removal of a 7 mm stone using a Dormia basket, which solved the problem without further complications. This anomaly increased the difficulty of performing therapeutic interventions during ERCP. This alteration in anatomy may increase the risk of complications during papillotomy, with a theoretically higher risk of perforation. Dilatation using a balloon was the chosen therapeutic technique both in our case and in the literature, due to its low rate of complications.

关键词：乳头幽门十二指肠正常现象并发症胆管气球治疗

Role of T cell death in maintaining immune tolerance during persistent viral hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第12期19卷 1877-1889页

作者： Juan Ramón Larrubia Megha Uttam Lokhande Silvia García-Garzón Joaquín Miquel Dolores Subirá Eduardo Sanz-de-Villalobos Translational Hepatology Unit Guadalajara University Hospital University of Alcalá

Virus-specific T cells play an important role in the resolution of hepatic infection. However, during chronic hepatitis infection these cells lack their effector functions and fail to control the virus. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus have developed several mechanisms to generate immune tolerance. One of these strategies is the depletion of virus-specific T cells by apoptosis. The immunotolerogenic liver has unique property to retain and activate na ve T cell to avoid the over reactivation of immune response against antigens which is exploited by hepatotropic viruses to persist. The deletion of the virus-specific T cells occurs by intrinsic (passive) apoptotic mechanism. The pro-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 interacting mediator (Bim) has attracted increasing attention as a pivotal involvement in apoptosis, as a regulator of tissue homeostasis and an enhancer for the viral persistence. Here, we reviewed our current knowledge on the evidence showing critical role of Bim in viral-specific T cell death by apoptotic pathways and helps in the immune tolerance.

关键词： T cell death Specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes Hepatitis C virus immune tolerance Apoptosis Bcl-2 interacting mediator Liver tolerance Apoptotic pathways Viral hepatitis

neuroprotective effect of neuro-EPO in neurodegenerative diseases:“Alea jacta est”

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neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1519-1521页

作者： Ramón Rama Fernando garzón Yamila Rodríguez-Cruz Tangui Maurice Julio-César garcía-Rodríguez Department of Cell Biology Physiology and ImmunologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Animal Health University of NarinoPastoNarinoColombia Department of Histology University of Medical SciencesHavanaCuba MMDn Univ MontpellierINSERMEPHEUMR_S1198MontpellierFrance CEnPALAB National Center for Animals BreedingHavanaCuba

Our common home,planet Earth,is inhabited by more than 7 billion human beings.The average life expectancy currently estimated for men is^69 years,with strong differences among countries.Currently,neurodegenerative diseases are currently the leading cause of death and disability worldwide.In clinical use and neuroscience research,a solution for an effective diagnosis is in progress,but a prophylactic treatment to counteract this long-lasting plague for humanity is still unidentified.

关键词： Our common home neurodegenerative still unidentified

厄瓜多尔、美国和中国的三角关系：厄瓜多尔在超级大国之间的平衡和中立政策

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厄瓜多尔、美国和中国的三角关系：厄瓜多尔在超级大国之间的平衡...

作者： nicol Paulina garzón Cordero 华东师范大学

学位级别：硕士

现代国际体系往往需要大国合作,以确保小国的稳定和经济成功。目前,美国、中国和厄瓜多尔之间的三角关系显得尤为重要。在这项研究中,作者将揭示厄瓜多尔在超级大国之间的平衡和中立政策的背景下,厄瓜多尔如何成为美国和中国之间合作的... 详细信息

现代国际体系往往需要大国合作,以确保小国的稳定和经济成功。目前,美国、中国和厄瓜多尔之间的三角关系显得尤为重要。在这项研究中,作者将揭示厄瓜多尔在超级大国之间的平衡和中立政策的背景下,厄瓜多尔如何成为美国和中国之间合作的舞台。厄瓜多尔、美国和中国之间的三角关系是当代全球政治中一个日益重要的话题。厄瓜多尔已成为当今世界超级大国美国和中国的“竞合舞台”。拉美国家的成功,在很大程度上取决于他们如何在合作的同时进行合理的竞争,如何改善彼此的关系并相互学习。厄瓜多尔作为超级大国间中立舞台的经验,有可能为其他拉美发展中国家提供借鉴。本研究将通过研究三个不同国家之间如何开展良性合作和竞争,从而服务于构建一个更加平衡的世界秩序。

关键词：厄瓜多尔美国中国三角合作平衡中立

Do Rules and Patterns Affect Design Maintainability?

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第2期24卷 262-272页

作者： Javier garzás Félix garcía Mario Piattini Kybele Consulting Madrid Spain Department of Information Technologies and Systems-Escuela Superior de Informáica University of Castilla-La Mancha Alarcos Research Group-Institute of Information Technologies and Systems Department of Information Technologies and Systems-Escuela Superior de Informáica University of Castilla-La Mancha

At the present time, best rules and patterns have reached a zenith in popularity and diffusion, thanks to the software community＇s efforts to discover, classify and spread knowledge concerning all types of rules and patterns. Rules and patterns are useful elements, but many features remain to be studied if we wish to apply them in a rational manner. The improvement in quality that rules and patterns can inject into design is a key issue to be analyzed, so a complete body of empirical knowledge dealing with this is therefore necessary. This paper tackles the question of whether design rules and patterns can help to improve the extent to which designs are easy to understand and modify. An empirical study, composed of one experiment and a replica, was conducted with the aim of validating our conjecture. The results suggest that the use of rules and patterns affect the understandability and modifiability of the design, as the diagrams with rules and patterns are more difficult to understand than non-rule/pattern versions and more effort is required to carry out modifications to designs with rules and patterns.

关键词： design patterns and rules maintainability software quality object-oriented design

Histological assessment in peripheral nerve tissue engineering

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neural Regeneration Research 2014年第18期9卷 1657-1660页

作者： Víctor Carriel Ingrid garzón Miguel Alaminos Maria Cornelissen Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group) Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Granadaand Instituto de Investigación Biosanitariaibs Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Histology and Tissue Engineering Group) Faculty of MedicineGhent University

The histological analysis of peripheral nerve regeneration is one of the most used methods to demonstrate the success of the regeneration through nerve conduits. nowadays, it is possible to evaluate different parameters of nerve regeneration by using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques. The histochemical methods are very sensible and are useful tools to evaluate the extracellular matrix remodeling and the myelin sheath, but they are poorly specific. In contrast, the immunohistochemical methods are highly specific and are frequently used for the identification of the regenerated axons, Sehwann cells and proteins associated to nerve regeneration or neural linage. The ultrastructural techniques offer the possibility to perform a high resolution morphological and quantitative analysis of the nerve regeneration. However, the use of a single histological method may not be enough to assess the degree of regeneration, and the combination of different histological techniques could be necessary.

关键词： peripheral nerve regeneration histology, histochemistry immunohistochemistry quantitative histology

Inconsistent interspecific and intraspecific differentiation of climate envelopes in a subtropical tree

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第1期12卷 176-185页

作者： Qiuchi Wan Zhuo Zheng Marta Benito-garzón Rémy J.Petit School of Earth Science and Geological Engineering Sun Yat-sen University135 Xingang RoadHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510275China Biogeco INRAUniversity of Bordeaux69 Arcachon Road33610 CestasFrance

Aims Comparisons of climate envelopes among species have shown that niche conservatism tends to break down over time.Here,we use the Asian tree genus Platycarya(Juglandaceae)as a case study to test this tendency at relatively short timescales in a single lineage.This,together with a reanalysis of the extant literature,should help evaluate prospects of using correlations between climate and spe-cies occurrence data to infer evolutionary processes.Methods We rely on species distribution models(SDMs)and multivari-ate analyses to compare current and past(Last Glacial Maximum~21ka)climatic envelopes between the two extant Platycarya spe-cies(Platycarya strobilacea and Platycarya longipes)and between mainland and Taiwan populations of P.strobilacea,paying particu-lar attention to autocorrelation issues.We also review interpreta-tions provided in similar studies comparing climate envelopes between and within species,including in studies involving native and introduced populations of the same species.Important Findings We find intraspecific but not interspecific differentiation in climate envelopes of Platycarya,despite the prediction that niche differen-tiation should be stronger between older groups.Our review also suggests that differentiation in climate envelopes need not imply rapid evolutionary divergence.Whereas SDMs can be used to raise evolutionary hypotheses to be validated with other data,we con-clude that it should not be used to directly infer short-term evolu-tionary processes.

关键词： climate envelope Last Glacial Maximum evolution Platycarya species distribution models

Comparison of lipid extraction methods for the microalgae Acutodesmus obliquus

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第5期11卷 211-217页

作者： Diana Ximena Hurtado Claudia Lorena garzón-Castro Jhon Cortés-Romero Edisson Tello Camacho Bioprospecting and CAPSAB Research Groups Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad de La SabanaCundinamarca 53753Colombia Biosciences Doctoral Program Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad de La SabanaCundinamarca 53753Colombia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá53753Colombia

Microalgae are widely used in the pharmaceutical and energy industries,therefore the conditions for their cultivation and extraction methods play an important role in the profiling and acquisition of lipids.The efficiency of lipid extraction from microalgae has attracted great interest from industry because of the wide variety of lipids and amounts that can be obtained.Acutodesmus obliquus(Scenedesmus obliquus UTEX 393)was used in this study.It was cultivated in Bold 3n medium modified with 75%nitrogen at 25℃,pH 6.8,125 r/min and a photoperiod of 18/6 h and illuminated with white light provided by a Light-Emitting Diode Surface Mount Device extensions(LED SMD)with an intensity of 1200μE/(m^(2)·s).The cells were stained with the Red nile(Rn)technique to indicate lipid production.Four extraction methods were compared,classical,microwave(MW),Soxhlet,and ultrasound(US),using the same solvent proportions(hexane:chloroform:methanol=1:2:3).All samples were analyzed with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed:1)lipid production detected by Rn was consistent with microalgal growth;2)the MW technique was the best extraction method,according to the statistical analysis through Randomized Complete Block(RCB)design and performance of 4.6%;and 3)the presence of saturated and unsaturated acids was indicated by FTIR spectra.GC-MS was able to identify palmitic and linoleic acids as the likely major constituents of the sample.

关键词： Acutodesmus obliquus lipid extraction trans-esterification Red nile(Rn)

Clinical Outcomes with a new Model of Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2018年第3期8卷 161-170页

作者： Francisco Poyales nuria garzón Concepción Poyales Blanca Poyales IOA Madrid Innova Ocular Madrid Spain

Purpose: To evaluate the early clinical outcomes of a new diffractive extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: Prospective case series enrolling patients undergoing cataract surgery with implantation of the EDOF IOL AT LARA (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Distance, intermediate and near visual acuity were evaluated during a follow-up of 1 month. Likewise, defocus curve, binocular mesopic contrast sensitivity, perception of photic phenomena, patient satisfaction and spectacle independence were assessed. Results: The study enrolled 38 eyes of 19 patients with a mean age of 69.5 years. A significant reduction of manifest refraction and improvement in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was observed with surgery (p nth postoperative binocular CDVA of 20/20 or better. Likewise, all eyes achieved a DCIVA of 20/30 or better at 1 month postoperatively, and a total of 92.1% achieved DCnVA of 20/40 or better. Concerning refractive predictability, 97.4% of eyes had a 1-month postoperative spherical equivalent within ±0.50 D. The level of patient satisfaction with distance, intermediate and near vision was high, with 95% of patients reporting that they would have the same surgical procedure with the same IOL again. Difficulties in night driving or associated to halos were low. A total of 89% of patients reported to be spectacle independent postoperatively. Conclusions: The EDOF IOL AT LARA is able to provide a functional restoration of the visual function across distances after cataract surgery, with very high levels of patient satisfaction and minimal incidence of photic phenomena.

关键词： AT LARA EDOF Visual Performance Visual Symptoms Patient Satisfaction