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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1574-1575页

作者： silvia Santamaria Jose A.Garcia-Sanz Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB-CSIC)

Similarly to other adult tissues,a hierarchical structure has been established for the brain,where the differentiated cell types（neurons,oligodendrocytes and astrocytes）are generated from primary progenitor cells,known as type B astrocytes or neural stem cells （NSC）, through one or multiple stages of amplification （transient amplifying cells） that generate precursor cells （iPC） with more restricted potential nlPCs （neural）, alPCs （astrocytes）, olPC （oligodendrocytes）（Kriegstein and Alvarez-Buvlla, 2009）.

关键词： NSCs stem

Natural capital accounting perspectives:a pragmatic way forward

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2019年第1期5卷 237-241,I0016页

作者： Kerry Turner Tomas Badura silvia Ferrini Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment(CSERGE) School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic Department of Political and International Sciences University of SienaSienaItaly

Introduction:Recent debates surrounding the application of natural capital accounting(NCA)have produced several approaches to further develop this system,as well as highlighted a number of conceptual and methodological issues that need to be resolved before mainstreaming NCA into policy and decision *** argue that prolonged debate over the value concepts(i.e.,exchange versus other values)underpinning different modifications to NCA has slowed progress in experimentation and uptake by ***:Consequently we propose three broad approaches which can be progressed in parallel to reinvigorate experimentation with the NCA principles and practice,while at the same time generating policy relevant tools and evidence bases for decision *** three approaches are;extended SNA accounting anchored to the use of exchange values;a complementary accounts network(CAN)that utilizes plural values as supplementary accounts to the SNA system;and wealth accounting that focuses on measures of welfare and *** three approaches are complementary and data developed in any one can inform the other ***:We contend that CAN offers the most flexibility and opportunities to progress short term support for decision making on environmental issues which are now becoming urgent.

关键词： Natural capital accounting SEEA ecosystem accounting wealth accounting exchange values welfare values

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and vascular disease:State-of-the-art

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第37期20卷 13306-13324页

作者： silvia Fargion Marianna Porzio Anna Ludovica Fracanzani Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Metabolic Liver Diseases Research CenterCa’ Granda IRCCS FoundationPoliclinico Hospital Pad Granelli

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), the most common of chronic liver disease in Western Country, is closely related to insulin resistance and oxidative stress and includes a wide spectrum of liver diseases ranging from steatosis alone, usually a benign and non-progressive condition, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), which may progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome with which shares several characteristics, however recent data suggest that NAFLD is linked to increased cardiovascular risk independently of the broad spectrum of risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Accumulating evidence suggests that the clinical burden of NAFLD is not restricted to liver-related morbidity and mortality, with the majority of deaths in NAFLD patients related to cardiovascular disease and cancer and not to the progression of liver disease. Retrospective and prospective studies provide evidence of a strong association between NAFLD and subclinical manifestation of atherosclerosis(increased intima-media thickness, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, impaired left ventricular function and coronary calcification). A general agreement emerging from these studies indicates that patients with NASH are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases than those with simple steatosis, emphasizing the role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis of these patients. It is very likely that the different mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in patients with NAFLD have a different relevance in the patients according to individual genetic background. In conclusion, in the presence of NAFLD patients should undergo a complete cardiovascular evaluation to prevent future atherosclerotic complications. Specific lifestyle modification and aggressive pharmaceutical modification will not only reduce the progression of liver disease, but also reduce morbidity for cardiovascular diseas

关键词： Intima-media thickness Steatosis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Early atherosclerosis Cardiovascular risk Inflammation Epicardic fat

A critical review of policies and legislation protecting Tanzanian wetlands

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第12期4卷 2-12页

作者： silvia Francis Materu Brigitte Urban Susanne Heise Department of Biosciences Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and EducationSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Institute of Ecology Faculty of Sustainability SciencesLeuphana University of LüneburgLüneburgGermany Faculty of Life sciences Hamburg University of Applied SciencesHamburgGermany

Introduction:The benefit of wetlands for reducing poverty depends on the effectiveness of governance systems that influence peoples’behaviour in the wise use of ***:This article critically analyses the current poverty reduction strategies,agrarian policies and economic investments governing wetland usage,especially in Tanzania,with regard to their impact on sustainable Ramsar wetlands ***:It analyses the management structure,domestic policies and legal framework relating to the protection of wetlands in Tanzania in accordance to the wise use concept of the Ramsar ***:Tanzanian legal provisions for wetland protection are uncoordinated and too limited in their coverage and scope to sufficiently address the destruction of wetland *** is no comprehensive national legal framework to guide sustainable management of Ramsar wetlands in Tanzania as laid out by the Ramsar Convention,which the country ratified in the year ***:Without a sound legislative and policy-making framework,Tanzanian wetlands and their diverse ecosystem services will continue to degenerate with current strategies of increasing agribusiness and other developmental projects or economic *** paper provides critical baseline information to inform decision makers to develop appropriate policy and laws,which promote the wise use of wetlands in Tanzania.

关键词： Economic investments poverty reduction wetland ecosystems Ramsar Sites legal frameworks sustainability

A New Boundary Condition for Three-Dimensional Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Capillary Filling in Rough Micro-Channels

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第5期9卷 1284-1292页

作者： Alessandro De Maio silvia Palpacelli Sauro Succi Numidia s.r.l. via Berna 3100144 RomaItaly Istituto Applicazioni Calcolo CNRvia dei Taurini 1900185 RomaItaly Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies School of Soft Matter ResearchAlbertstr.1979104 Freiburg im BreisgauFreiburgGermany

A new boundary condition,aimed at inhibiting near-wall condensation effects in lattice Boltzmann simulations of capillary flows in micro-corrugated channels,is *** new boundary condition is validated against analytical solutions for smooth channels and demonstrated for the case of three-dimensional microflows over randomly corrugated walls.

关键词： Microfluidics capillary flows lattice Boltzmann simulation

DNA-guided hepatitis B treatment,viral load is essential,but not sufficient

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第4期15卷 423-430页

作者： Rafael Bárcena Marugán silvia García Garzón Services of Liver-Gastroenterology Hospital Ramón y CajalUniversity of Alcalá Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario de GuadalajaraUniversity of Alcalá

Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection is a global public health problem that concerns 350 million people worldwide. Individuals with chronic hepatitis B （CriB） are at increased risk of developing liver cirrhosis, hepatic de-compensation and hepatocellular carcinoma. To maintain undetectable viral load reduces chronic infection complications. There is no treatment that eradicates HBV infection. Current drugs are expensive, are associated with adverse events, and are of limited efficacy. Current guidelines try to standardize the clinical practice. Nevertheless, controversy remains about management of asymptomatic patients with CriB who are hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg）-positive with normal alanine aminotransferase, and what is the cut-off value of viral load to distinguish HBeAg- negative CriB patients and inactive carriers. We discuss in detail why DNA level alone is not sufficient to begin treatment of CriB.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Viral DNA Alaninetransaminase Antiviral drug Hepatitis B e antigen Antiviral drug resistance

Cardiac optogenetics:regulating brain states via the heart

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第9期8卷 3907-3908页

作者： silvia Rodriguez-Rozada Stefan Frantz Philip Tovote Defense Circuits Lab Institute of Clinical NeurobiologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany Comprehensive Heart Failure Center University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany Center for Mental Health University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,1 Hsueh et *** a non-invasive optogenetic approach to control heart rate in freely moving *** induced tachycardia elicited an anxiety-like state in risky contexts,with the posterior insular cortex mediating the apprehensive behaviours arising from cardiac pacing(Fig.1).Whereas the link between emotions and bodily functions is part of the human experience,whether emotions are cause or consequence of their associated responses has been long debated by psychologists and *** anxiety lead to an increased heart rate,or conversely,does a racing heart drive anxious behaviours?There is ample evidence linking mental and cardiac *** meta-analysis studies have shown an increased risk of heart disease in patients suffering from anxiety or stress-related disorders.

关键词： cardiac cortex

Probiotics and gut health:A special focus on liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第4期16卷 403-410页

作者： silvia Wilson Gratz Hannu Mykkanen Hani S El-Nezami Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health University of Aberdeen Greenburn Road Aberdeen AB21 9SNUnited Kingdom School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of KuopioPO Box 162770211 KuopioFinland Food and Health Research Centre University of KuopioPO Box 162770211 KuopioFinland School of Biological Sciences University of Hong KongS5-13 Kadoorie Biological Sciences BuildingPokfulamHong KongChina

Probiotic bacteria have well-established beneficial ef-fects in the management of diarrhoeal *** evidence suggests that probiotics have the potential to reduce the risk of developing inflammatory bowel diseases and intestinal bacterial overgrowth after gut *** liver health,the main benefits of probiotics might occur through preventing the production and/or uptake of lipopolysaccharides in the gut,and therefore reducing levels of low-grade *** immune stimulation by probiotics through processes involving dendritic cells might also be beneficial to the host immunological status and help prevent pathogen *** fat metabolism also seems to be influenced by the presence of commensal bacteria,and potentially by probiotics;although the mechanisms by which probiotic might act on the liver are still ***,this might be of major importance in the fu-ture because low-grade inflammation,hepatic fat infil-tration,and hepatitis might become more prevalent as a result of high fat intake and the increased prevalence of obesity.

关键词： Probiotics Liver Gut Endotoxin Barrier function Ethanol Bacterial overgrowth Translocation

Response of ants to grazing disturbance at the central Monte Desert of Argentina: community descriptors and functional group scheme

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第1期6卷 117-127页

作者： silvia CLAVER Susana L SILNIK Florencia F CAMPóN Entomology Lab IADIZA-CONICET

Livestock ranching is one of the main productive activities in arid regions of the *** produces changes in animal as well as plant communities(***,abundance and species dominance relationships).Ants are good biological indicators due to the environmental fidelity of some of their community *** described the functional structure of the ant community in the central Monte of Mendoza,Argentina,and examined the effect of grazing using richness,diversity and the functional group *** used pitfall traps to sample ants at a reserve with 30-year cattle exclusion and at an adjacent *** of the 27 recorded species showed significant differences in their abundance and two species were absent at the *** richness and diversity did not reflect these differences,functional groups *** Climate Specialists were more abundant at the ranch while Cryptic Species and Generalized Myrmicinae increased at the *** study supports the utility of the functional group scheme to study the effects of grazing disturbance in ant communities of arid regions.

关键词： ants cattle grazing functional groups richness diversity arid zones Monte Desert

Acute hepatitis C in a chronically HIV-infected patient:Evolution of different viral genomic regions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第7期9卷 1496-1500页

作者： Diego Flichman Veronica Kott silvia Sookoian Rodolfo Campos Catedra de Virologia Facultad de Farmacia y BioquimicaUniversidad de Buenos AiresArgentina Unidad de Higado Hospital"Dr.Cosme Argerich"Argentina

AIM: To analyze the molecular evolution of different viral genomic regions of HCV in an acute HCV infected patient chronically infected with HIV through a 42-month ***: Serum samples of a chronically HIV infected patient that seroconverted to anti HCV antibodies were sequenced, from the event of superinfection through a period of 17 months and in a late sample (42nd month). Hypervariable genomic regions of HIV (V3 loop of the gp120) and HCV (HVR-1 on the E2 glycoprotein gene) were studied. In order to analyze genomic regions involved in different biological functions and with the cellular immune response, HCV core and NS5A were also chosen to be sequenced. Amplification of the different regions was done by RT-PCR and directly sequenced. Confirmation of sequences was done on reamplified material. Nucleotide sequences of the different time points were aligned with CLUSTAL W 1.5, and the corresponding amino acid ones were ***: Hypervariable genomic regions of both viruses (HVR1 and gp120 V3 loop) presented several nonsynonymous changes but, while in the gp120 V3 loop mutations were detected in the sample obtained right after HCV superinfection and maintained throughout, they occurred following a sequential and cumulative pattern in the HVR1. In the NS5A region of HCV, two amino acid changes were detected during the follow-up period, whereas the core region presented several amino acid replacements, once the HCV chronic infection had been ***: During the HIV-HCV superinfection, each genomic region analyzed shows a different evolutionary *** of the nucleotide substitutions observed are nonsynonymous and clustered in previously described epitopes,thus suggesting an immune-driven evolutionary process.

关键词： Acute Disease Adolescent Amino Acid Sequence Female Genome, Viral HIV HIV Envelope Protein gp120 HIV Infections Hepacivirus Hepatitis C Humans Molecular Sequence Data Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Superinfection Viral Nonstructural Proteins Viral Proteins