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Hepatoma Research 2019年第2期5卷 12-33页

作者： Paola Guerriero Farzaneh Moshiri Laura Lupini silvia sabbioni Massimo Negrini Elisa Callegari Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FerraraFerrara 44121Italy Department of Molecular Medicine School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran 11369Iran Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies University of FerraraFerrara 44121Italy

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and despite improvement in therapeutic approaches,prognosis remains *** can be partly attributed to the fact that the majority of HCCs are diagnosed at intermediate or advanced *** of circulating biomarkers able to detect HCC at early stages could improve patients'*** present,however,alpha fetoprotein or des-g-carboxyprothrombin are unable to reliably detect HCC at early stages and better circulating biomarkers are *** tumor DNA(ctDNA)and non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are emerging as promising biomarkers to achieve the *** and epigenetic alterations in ctDNA allow to pinpoint tumor-specific biomarkers,reveal tumor heterogeneity,help monitor tumor evolution over time and assess therapy *** remains to be fully evaluated the possibility of detecting these biomarkers at early tumor *** ncRNAs are quantitative biomarkers with potential use in diagnostic,prognostic and predictive clinical *** may help to reveal HCC at early ***,because of heterogeneous and sometimes conflicting reported results,they still require validation and standardization of pre-analytical and analytical approaches before clinical applications could be envisaged.

关键词： Liquid biopsy hepatocellular carcinoma circulating tumor DNA non-coding RNA diagnosis prognosis therapy response

The complex role of protocadherin-19 in brain function:a focus on the oxytocin system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3211-3212页

作者： Sara Mazzoleni Marta Busnelli silvia Bassani CNR Institute of Neuroscience Vedano al LambroItaly NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience MilanItaly

Mutations in the protocadherin-19(PCDH19)gene(Xq22.1)cause the X-linked syndrome known as developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 9(DEE9,OMIM#300088)(Dibbens et al.,2008).DEE9 is characterized by early-onset clustering epilepsy associated with intellectual disability ranging from mild to profound,autism spectrum disorder,and other neuropsychiatric features including schizophrenia,anxiety,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity,and obsessive or aggressive *** seizures may become less frequent in adolescence,psychiatric comorbidities persist and often worsen with age(Dibbens et al.,2008;Kolc et al.,2020).

关键词： epilepsy function system

How Plants Cope with Cadmium: Staking All on Metabolism and Gene Expression

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第10期50卷 1268-1280页

作者： Giovanni DalCorso silvia Farinati silvia Maistri Antonella Furini Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico Universita` degli Studi di Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy

Environmental pollution is one of the major problems for human health. Toxic heavy metals are normally present as soil constituents or can also be spread out in the environment by human activity and agricultural techniques. Soil contamination by heavy metals as cadmium, highlights two main aspects： on one side they interfere with the life cycle of plants and therefore reduce crop yields, and on the other hand, once adsorbed and accumulated into the plant tissues, they enter the food chain poisoning animals and humans. Considering this point of view, understanding the mechanism by which plants handle heavy metal exposure, in particular cadmium stress, is a primary goal of plant-biotechnology research or plant breeders whose aim is to create plants that are able to recover high amounts of heavy metals, which can be used for phytoremediation, or identify crop varieties that do not accumulate toxic metal in grains or fruits. In this review we focus on the main symptoms of cadmium toxicity both on root apparatus and shoots. We elucidate the mechanisms that plants activate to prevent absorption or to detoxify toxic metal ions, such as synthesis of phytochelatins, metallothioneins and enzymes involved in stress response. Finally we consider new plant-biotechnology applications that can be applied for phytoremediation.

关键词： cadmium heavy metals metallothioneins phytochelatins phytoremediation transporters.

Decoding Phthorimaea operculella(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the new age of change

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 316-324页

作者： silvia I.RONDON Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center Crop and Soil ScienceOregon State University

Arthropods and pathogens constantly challenge potato Solanum tuberosum *** of climate variation have increased the possibility of changes in pests’biological and ecological patterns by increasing or reducing overwintering length,changes in population growth rates,number of generations,crop-pest relationship,and therefore affecting their *** operculella Zeller(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)is one of the main pests affecting potatoes *** oviposit single or multiple eggs in leaves,stems,and tubers,while the larvae in immature stage mine leaves or burrows into tubers turning them *** control methods are effective in controlling ***,but many factors determine the success of the control *** review provides key highlights of current information available that could be used as a resource to fight this pest.

关键词： climate insects moth potato pest management Solanaceae pest control IPM tubermoth potato tuber moth

Genotoxicity biomarkers in aquatic bioindicators

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Current Zoology 2014年第2期60卷 273-284页

作者： Claudia BOLOGNESI silvia CIRILLO Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino- IST Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sulCancro L.go Rosanna Benzi 10 Genova Italy

Pollution of the aquatic environment is an ever-growing problem, as waters are the ultimate sink for the large number of xenobiotics from multiple sources. DNA damaging agents have a significant ecological relevance since they are implicated in many pathological processes and exert effects beyond that of individual being active through following generations. A large number of methods have been applied to evaluate genotoxic damage in different aquatic species. Comet assay, as method for de- tecting DNA alterations, and micronucleus test, as an index of chromosomal damage are the most widely applied and validated methods in field studies. These methods were applied in different vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic species, but only mollusk and fish species have been employed in routine biomonitoring programs. Mussels, due to their widely geographical distribution and the suitability for caging represent the bioindicator of choice in field studies. Mytilus species is the most used marine mussel. The use of fish is limited to specific geographic areas. The present review mainly focuses on the application of comet assay and micronucleus test in mussels. A number of biomonitoring studies in mussels, using comet assay or micronucleus test, revealed exposure to different classes of genotoxic compounds with a good discrimination power. The different evidence from the two as- says, reflects different biological mechanisms for the two genetic endpoints, DNA damage and chromosomal damage, suggesting their combined application in the field. Different endogenous and exogenous factors have been shown to modulate the genotoxic responses in mussels, acting as confounding factors in environmental monitoring. The use of standardized protocol for caging, sampling and genotoxity evaluation is critical in biomonitoring studies. The use of a multimarker approach coupling genotoxicity biomarkers with physiological and biochemical factors allows to have a complete picture of the environmenta

关键词： Aquatic animals Genotoxicity Bioindicator Biomarker Micronucleus test Comet assay Bivalve Mussel

PCDH19 interplay with GABA(A)receptors:a window to DEE9 pathogenetic mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 803-805页

作者： Sara Mazzoleni silvia Bassani Institute of Neuroscience CNRMilanItaly Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of MilanSegrate(MI)Italy NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience University of Milano-BicoccaMilanItaly

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 9(DEE9):The gene PCDH19(Xq22.1),which encodes the calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein protocadherin-19(PCDH19),is nowadays considered as one of the most important genes in monogenic epilepsy(Depienne and LeGuern,2012).Mutations in PCDH19 are responsible for DEE9(OMIM#300088),a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early-onset clustering epilepsy,various degrees of cognitive impairment and neuro psychiatric comorbidities,like autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and behavioural ***9 patients start suffering from seizures around the age of 10 months until adolescence,when seizures tend to reduce or even disappear,while the psychiatric symptoms persist(Depienne and LeGuern,2012;Kolc et al.,2018).

关键词： H19 PCD epilepsy

Sperm priming response to perceived mating opportunities is reduced in male guppies with high baseline sperm production

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 205-211页

作者： silvia CATTELAN Andrea PILASTRO Department of Biology University of Padova Padova 35131 Italy

Producing sperm is costly and males have been selected to strategically adjust their sperm produc- tion and/or expenditure according to the fitness return associated with a specific mating. For exam- ple, males respond to fluctuations in the mating opportunities by adjusting the number of ＂ready＂ sperm. This phenomenon is known as ＂sperm priming＂ and is interpreted as a strategy to econo- mize the investment in sperm. The cost and benefits of the sperm priming response, however, are expected to depend on a male＇s baseline sperm production （BSP） in the absence of females, because of the different risk of sperm depletion and the nonlinearly increasing costs of sperm pro- duction. We tested this prediction in 2 replicated lines of male guppies Poecilia reticulata that were artificially selected for high and low BSP. BSP has a large genetic variance and a high sire heritabil- ity in guppies, and males respond to the perceived mating opportunities by increasing the number of ＂ready＂ sperm. We investigated whether males with a different BSP differed in their sperm pri- ming response. We found that when the perceived mating opportunities increased, males from low-sperm lines had a stronger sperm priming response than those from high-sperm lines. This result suggests that adaptive plasticity in sperm priming has the potential to evolve in response to different levels of BSP. The comparison between guppy populations with different levels of sperm production would allow to test whether the pattern reported here is also observed at the interpopulation level.

关键词： artificial selection mate availability Poecilia reticulata sperm investment sperm priming sperm production.

Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase and glutamine-cycling pathway:Their roles in pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第29期18卷 3775-3781页

作者： silvia Sookoian Carlos J Pirola Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIMUniversity of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research(CONICET)Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1427Argentina Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIMUniversity of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research(CONICET)Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1427Argentina

Although new research technologies are constantly used to look either for genes or biomarkers in the prediction of metabolic syndrome(MS),the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this complex disease remains a major ***,Cheng et al recently investigated possible pathways underlying MS by high-throughput metabolite profiling in two large and well characterized community-based *** authors explored by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry the plasma concentrations of 45 distinct metabolites and examined their relation to cardiometabolic risk,and observed that metabolic risk factors such as obesity,insulin resistance(IR),high blood pressure,and dyslipidemia were associated with several metabolites,including branched-chain amino acids,other hydrophobic amino acids,tryptophan breakdown products,and nucleotide *** addition,the authors found a significant association of IR traits with glutamine,glutamate and the glutamineto-glutamate *** data provide new insight into the pathogenesis of MS-associated phenotypes and introduce a crucial role of glutamine-cycling pathway as prominently involved in the development of metabolic *** consider that the hypothesis about the role of abnormal glutamate metabolism in the pathogenesis of the MS is certainly challenging and suggests the critical role of the liver in the global metabolic modulation as glutamate metabolism is linked with aminotransferase *** discuss here the critical role of the "liver metabolism" in the pathogenesis of the MS and IR,and postulate that before fatty liver develops,abnormal levels of liver enzymes,such as alanine and aspartate aminotransferases might reflect high levels of hepatic transamination of amino acids in the liver.

关键词： Alanine Aspartate Glutamine Glutamate 2-oxoglutarate Glycolysis Pyruvate

Potential therapeutic effects of polyphenols in Parkinson's disease:in vivo and in vitro pre-clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 234-241页

作者： Claudio Giuliano silvia Cerri Fabio Blandini Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a combination of severe motor and non-motor *** the years,several factors have been discovered to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease,in particular,neuroinflammation and oxidative *** date,the pharmacological treatments used in Parkinson's disease are exclusively *** this reason,in recent years,the research has been directed towards the discovery and study of new natural molecules to develop potential neuroprotective therapies against Parkinson's *** this context,natural polyphenols have raised much attention for their important anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,but also for their ability to modulate protein *** this review,we propose to summarize the relevant in vivo and in vitro studies concerning the potential therapeutic role of natural polyphenols in Parkinson's disease.

关键词： alpha-synuclein anti-inflammatory antioxidants natural molecules neuroprotection Parkinson's disease polyphenols syntomatic effect

Fat poetry: a kingdom for PPARγ

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Cell Research 2007年第6期17卷 486-511页

作者： silvia I Anghel Walter Wahli Center for Integrative Genomics National Research Center Frontiers in GeneticsUniversity of LausanneLausanne CH-1015Switzerland

Adipose tissue is not an inert cell mass contributing only to the storage of fat, but a sophisticated ensemble of cel-lular components with highly specialized and complex functions. In addition to managing the most important energyreserve of the body, it secretes a multitude of soluble proteins called adipokines, which have beneficial or, alternatively,deleterious effects on the homeostasis of the whole body. The expression of these adipokines is an integrated responseto various signals received from many organs, which depends heavily on the integrity and physiological status of theadipose tissue. One of the main regulators of gene expression in fat is the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ）, which is a fatty acid- and eicosanoid-dependent nuclear receptor that plays key roles inthe development and maintenance of the adipose tissue. Furthermore, synthetic PPARγagonists are therapeutic agentsused in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This review discusses recent knowledge on the link between fat physiology and metabolic diseases, and the roles ofPPARγin this interplay via the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Finally, we assess the putative benefits oftargeting this nuclear receptor with still-to-be-identified highly selective PPARγmodulators.

关键词： adipose tissue energy homeostasis obesity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor