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On the road to Mandalay: contribution to the Microhyla Tschudi, 1838(Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) fauna of Myanmar with description of two new species

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Zoological Research 2019年第4期40卷 244-276页

作者： Nikolay A. Poyarkov, jr Vladislav A. Gorin Than Zaw Valentina D. Kretova svetlana s. Gogoleva Parinya Pawangkhanant Jing Che Department of Vertebrate Zoology Biological FacultyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119234Russia Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center Nghia DoCau GiayHanoiVietnam Zoology Department Mohnyin Degree CollegeMohnyinKachin State 1111Myanmar A.N. severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119071Russia Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow state University Moscow 125009Russia Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University Thon BuriBangkok 10600Thailand state Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650223China southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282Myanmar

We prese nt a morphological and molecular assessment of the Microhyla fauna of Myanmar based on new collections from central (Magway Division) and northem (Kachin state) parts of the country. In total, six species of Microhyla are documented, including M. berdmorei, M. heymonsi, M. butleri, M. mukhlesuri and two new species described from the semi-arid savarma-like plains of the middle part of the Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) River Valley. We used a 2 481 bp long 12s rRNA- 16s rRNA fragment of mtDNA to hypothesize gen ealogical relati on ships within Microhyla. We applied an in teg rati ve taxonomic approach combining molecular, morphological, and acoustic lines of evidenee to evaluate the taxonomic status of Mya nmar Microhyla. We dem on strated that the newly discovered populations of Microhyla sp. from the Magway Division represent two yet undescribed species. These two new sympatric species are assigned to the M. achatina species group, with both adapted to the seas on ally dry environments of the Irrawaddy Valley. Microhyla fodiens sp. nov. is a stout-bodied species with a remarkably enlarged shovel-like outer metatarsal tubercle used for burrowing and is highly diverge nt from other know n congeners (P-distancea8.8%). Microhyla irrawaddy sp. nov. is a small-bodied slender frog reconstructed as a sister species to M. kodial from southern India (P-distance=5.3%);however, it clearly differs from the latter both in external morphology and advertisement call parameters. Microhyla mukhlesuri is reported from Myanmar for the first time. We further discuss the morphological diag no sties and biogeography of Microhyla species recorded in Myanmar.

关键词： Narrow-mouth frogs Burma Indochina Magway Kachin Biodiversity Taxonomy mtDNA Morphology Acoustics Advertisement call

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Engineering in the 21st century:The Grand Challenges and the Grand Challenges scholars Program

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Engineering 2020年第7期6卷 728-732页

作者： C.D.Mote jr. Regents Professor University of MarylandUSA Past President US National Academy of EngineeringUSA

Prologue Engineering’s fundamental mission to“create for users”has served humanity,prehistoric humanity,and other life forms,such as insects,fish,birds,and mammals,unwaveringly for hundreds to millions of *** distinguishes human engineering from the engineering of other life forms is the singular human capacity to envision a“creation for users,”then to create it and ultimately to implement it fulfilling an important“user need.”Other life forms pass down engineering creations likely learned from their predecessors through an evolutionary process,like creating anthills,beehives,and bird *** creations are learned replications of earlier experiences more than an intellectual response to new *** advancements without opening new frontiers limit advancement of a *** life forms above are exemplars among all the user species of engineering,but only human engineering leads to new creations that lead to remarkably significant user advancements.

关键词： frontier Grand hundreds

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Magnetic Cooling

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Journal of Rare Earths 2005年第4期23卷 I0001-I0002页

作者： Karl A. Gschneidner jr. Materials and Engineering Physics Ames Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011-3020 USAMaterials and Engineering Physics Ames Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011-3020 USA

The world has become highly dependent on reliable refrigeration technology. Without it, our food supply would be still seasonal and limited to locally produced nonperishable items; comfortable living conditions via climate control would be impossible; and certain medical advancements, e.g. MRI diagnostics, organ transplantation, organ and tissue cryo-storage, and cryo-surgery would be impossible. This technology remains essentially unchanged since it was invented 100 years ago.

关键词： Magnetic Cooling

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Measuring magnetic declination with a compass, virtual globes and a global positioning system

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2009年第1期2卷 31-43页

作者： William P.O’Brien jr Physics Department Southwestern UniversityGeorgetownTexas78626USA

Earth’s magnetic declination was experimentally measured at 15 sites in western UsA from Alaska to Texas;each site exhibited a large linear feature identifiable in virtual globe imagery(NAsA’s World Wind or Google Earth).The difference between the geographic bearing of the linear feature measured directly on a virtual globe image and the magnetic bearing of the same linear feature measured on the ground with a compass defines the magnetic declination d for that *** all 15 sites,d values,determined by this differencing procedure,ranged from about 208 to 58 E and fell within 18(over half within 0.58)of expected *** positioning system(GPs)data recorded at most sites and plotted on virtual globe images aided in the identification of relevant *** straightforward method for determining magnetic declination using virtual globe software and a compass provides a contemporary geospatial field/laboratory activity that dramatically elucidates and contrasts features of magnetic and geographic coordinate systems for students in various disciplines involving geomagnetism,navigation,geography or spherical polar geometry.

关键词： Earth observation GPs magnetic declination geophysics

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Fast prediction of indoor airflow distribution inspired by synthetic image generation artificial intelligence

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Building simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1219-1238页

作者： Cary A.Faulkner Dominik s.Jankowski John E.Castellini jr Wangda Zuo Philipp Epple Michael D.sohn Ali Taleb Zadeh Kasgari Walid saad Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA HysON Institut SonnebergGermany Department of Architectural Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Coburg University of Applied SciencesCoburgGermany Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia TechArlingtonVAUSA

Prediction of indoor airflow distribution often relies on high-fidelity,computationally intensive computational fluid dynamics(CFD)*** intelligence(Al)models trained by CFD data can be used for fast and accurate prediction of indoor airflow,but current methods have limitations,such as only predicting limited outputs rather than the entire flow ***,conventional Al models are not always designed to predict different outputs based on a continuous input range,and instead make predictions for one or a few discrete *** work addresses these gaps using a conditional generative adversarial network(CGAN)model approach,which is inspired by current state-of-the-art Al for synthetic image *** create a new Boundary Condition CGAN(BC-CGAN)model by extending the original CGAN model to generate 2D airflow distribution images based on a continuous input parameter,such as a boundary ***,we design a novel feature-driven algorithm to strategically generate training data,with the goal of minimizing the amount of computationally expensive data while ensuring training quality of the Al *** BC-CGAN model is evaluated for two benchmark airflow cases:an isothermal lid-driven cavity flow and a non-isothermal mixed convection flow with a heated *** also investigate the performance of the BC-CGAN models when training is stopped based on different levels of validation error *** results show that the trained BC-CGAN model can predict the 2D distribution of velocity and temperature with less than 5%relative error and up to about 75,ooo times faster when compared to reference CFD *** proposed feature-driven algorithm shows potential for reducing the amount of data and epochs required to train the Al models while maintaining prediction accuracy,particularly when the flow changes non-linearlywith respectto an input.

关键词： artificial intelligence indoor airflow conditional generative adversarial network computational fluid dynamics

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3D printed millireactors for process intensification

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第1期28卷 180-190页

作者： Harrson s.santana Alan C.Rodrigues Mariana G.M.Lopes Felipe N.Russo Joao L.silva jr Osvaldir P.Taranto school of Chemical Engineering University of CampinasBrazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of South of Minas GeraisBrazil

The scope of the present research aims at demonstrating the 3D printing use in the manufacturing of microchannels for chemical process applications. A comparison among digital model processing applications for 3D print(slicers) and a print layer thickness analysis were performed. The 3D print fidelity was verified in several devices, including the microchannels’ printing with and without micromixer zones. In order to highlight the 3D print potential in Chemical Engineering, the biodiesel synthesis was also carried out in a millireactor manufactured by 3D printing. The millireactor operated under laminar flow regime with a total flow rate of 75.25 ml·min^-1(increment of about 130 times over traditional microdevices used for biodiesel production).The printed millireactor provided a maximum yield of Ethyl Esters of 73.51% at 40 ℃, ethanol:oil molar ratio of7 and catalyst concentration of 1.25 wt% and residence time about 10 s. As a result of flow rate increment attained in the millireactor, the number of required units for scaling-up the chemical processes is reduced. Using the approach described in the present research, anyone could produce their own millireactor for chemical process in a simple way with the aid of a 3D printer.

关键词： Process intensification 3D printer Millireactors Micromixers Microdevices Biodiesel

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Taxonomic placement of Epichloëpoae *** horizontal dissemination to seedlings via conidia

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第3期54卷 117-131页

作者： Mariusz Tadych Karen V.Ambrose Marshall s.Bergen Faith C.Belanger James F.White jr Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers University59 Dudley RoadNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA

A new Epichloëspecies distributed in Africa,Europe,North America and south America on host genera Bromus,Festuca,Lolium and Poa is ***,characteristic of the genus,frequently occurred on the reproductive tillers of Poa secunda ***,but neither perithecia nor mature asci were *** cells and conidial characteristics were in the range of Epichloë*** of the genes encodingβ-tubulin(tub2)and translation elongation factor 1-α(tef1)were amplified and *** analyses of these sequences grouped the Poa secunda *** endophyte into one group within a non-hybrid Epichloëspecies *** the basis of morphology,host range and evolutionary history we propose that this endophyte represents a new species of Epichloë.The name Epichloëpoae is proposed for this *** infectivity of the conidia produced on plants was *** the first experiment,using conidia of Epichloëpoae from leaves and endophytefree seeds of Poa secunda *** we show that when germinating seeds and developing seedlings of the plant were exposed to conidia,28–57%of seedlings became infected by the *** non-inoculated control plants showed no colonization by the *** the following spring after vernalization,colonized plants on flowering culms produced stromata with *** the second experiment,using stromal conidia and the same procedure,19–42%of seedlings of Poa secunda *** became colonized by the *** results demonstrate that Epichloëpoae may spread to uninfected grass hosts by conidia frequently formed on the surfaces of plant leaves as well as by conidia formed on stromata.

关键词： Endophyte Epiphyllous Evolution Neotyphodium Poa secunda subsp juncifolia seed

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A randomized trial comparing the Tennant Biomodulator to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and traditional Chinese acupuncture for the treatment of chronic pain in military service members

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Military Medical Research 2020年第2期7卷 140-150页

作者： Kimberly s.Peacock Erika stoerkel salvatore Libretto Weimin Zhang Alice Inman Michael schlicher John D.Cowsar jr David Eddie Joan Walter University of Texas Health san Antonio 7703 Floyd Curl DriveSan AntonioTX78229USA TLI Foundation 1750 Tysons BoulevardMcLeanVirginia22102USA Henry M.Jackson Foundation 6720A Rockledge DriveBethesdaMD20817USA BD Life sciences 1 Becton DriveFranklin LakesNJ07417USA Brooke Army Medical Center 3551 Roger Brooke DriveFort Sam HoustonTX78234USA Madigan Army Medical Center 9040A Jackson AveJoint Base Lewis-McChordWA98431USA MedPost Urgent Care Center 513 Cibolo Valley DriveCiboloTX78108USA Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School151 Merrimac St.6th FloorBostonMA02114USA H&s Ventures Samueli Integrative Health Program1800 Diagonal RoadSuite 617AlexandriaVA22314USA

Background:The present investigation tested the efficacy of the Tennant Biomodulator,a novel pain management intervention that uses biofeedback-modulated electrical stimulation,to reduce chronic pain and its psychosocial sequelae in a sample of current and former military service *** Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting was compared to two commonly used,non-pharmacological pain treatments—traditional Chinese acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENs)—in a comparative efficacy,randomized,open-label ***:Participants included 100 active duty and retired service men and women with chronic pain undergoing treatment at the Brooke Army Medical Center in Texas,UsA,randomly assigned to receive six,weekly sessions of either Tennant Biomodulator treatment,traditional Chinese acupuncture,or TENs,in addition to usual *** was conducted between May 2010 to september *** measures were collected at intake,before and after each treatment session,and at a 1-month ***-to-treat analyses were used throughout,with mixed models used to investigate main effects of group,time,and group×time interactions with consideration given to quadratic *** measured included ratings of chronic pain,pain-related functional disability,and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTsD)and ***:On average,regardless of their treatment group,participants exhibited a 16%reduction in pain measured by the Brooke Army Medical Center’s Clinic Pain Log[F(1,335)=55.7,Psability measured by the Million Visual Analog scale[MVAs:F(1,84)=28.3,Pseline to the end of treatment,but no one treatment performed better than the other,and the reductions in pain and pain-related disability were largely lost by 1-month *** of PTsD and depression did not change significantly as a function of time or ***:Findings build on previ

关键词： Tennant biomodulator Acupuncture Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation Chronic pain Military service members

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Endophytic and pathogenic fungi of developing cranberry ovaries from flower to mature fruit:diversity and succession

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第3期54卷 101-116页

作者： Mariusz Tadych Marshall s.Bergen Jennifer Johnson-Cicalese James J.Polashock Nicholi Vorsa James F.White jr Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers University59 Dudley RoadNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA Philip E.Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension Rutgers University125A Lake Oswego RoadChatsworthNJ 08019USA Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory USDA-ARS125A Lake Oswego RoadChatsworthNJ 08019USA

Culturable fungal population diversity and succession was investigated in developing cranberry ovaries of fruit rot-resistant and rot-susceptible cranberry selections,from flower through mature *** were recovered in culture from 1185 of 1338 ovary tissues collected from June to september,yielding 2255 isolates that represented 42 *** the season,species richness varied from 2 to 17 and 2 to 18 in rot-resistant and rotsusceptible selections,respectively,increasing from wk1 to wk10 and then gradually declining to ***-Wiener diversity index varied from 0.27 to 2.32 in rotresistant and 0.18 to 2.38 in rot-susceptible,and Pielou’s evenness index varied from 0.11 to 0.63 and 0.06 to 0.64 in rot-resistant and rot-susceptible selections,respectively,confirming that diversity of fungi in developing ovaries was similar among rot-resistant and rot-susceptible selections,but varied among sampling time *** component analysis grouped samples collected at the same sampling time point together regardless of rot susceptibility of the selections,and detected the predominant fungal species associated with each stage of *** changes were observed in populations of endophytic,pathogenic and saprophytic fungi throughout the season as ovaries matured.

关键词： Aetiology Cranberry fruit rot Pathogens Phenology Resistance Vaccinium macrocarpon

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Ethanol inhibits the motility of rabbit sphincter of Oddi in vitro

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第23期10卷 3470-3474页

作者： Réka sári Attila Pálv lgyi Zoltán Rakonczay jr Tamás Takács János Lonovics László Czakó Péter Hegyi Zoltán szilvássy First Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Szeged H-6720Koranyi fasor 10Hungary Department of Pharmacology Medical University of Debrecen H-4032Nagyerdei krt98Hungary

AIM:The rote of the sphincter of Oddi(sO)in ethanol (ETOH)-induced pancreatitis is *** aim was to characterise the effect of E-I-OH on basal and stimulated sO motility. METHODs:sOs removed from white rabbits were placed in an organ bath(Krebs solution,pH7.4,37℃).The effects of 2 mL/L,4 mL/L,6 mL/L and 8 mL/L of ETOH on the contractile responses of the sphincter were determined. sOs were stimulated with either 0.1 μmol/L carbachol,1 μmol/L erythromycin or 0.1 μmol/L cholecystokinin(CCK). REsULTs:ETOH at a dose of 4 mL/L significantly decreased the baseline contractile amplitude from 11.98±0.05 mN to 11.19±0.07 ***,no significant changes in the contractile frequency were ***(0.6%) significantly decreased both the baseline amplitude and the frequency compared to the control group(10.50±0.01 mN, 12.13±0.10 mN and 3.53±0.13 c/min,5.5±0.13 cycles(c)/min, respectively).Moreover,0.8% of ETOH resulted in complete relaxation of the ***(0.1 μmol/L)or erythromycin (1 μmol/L)stimulated the baseline amplitudes(by 82% and 75%,respectively)and the contractile frequencies (by 150% and 106%,respectively).In the carbachol or erythromydn-stimulated groups 2-6 mL/L of E-IOH significantly inhibited both the amplitude and the ***, a 4-5 min administration of 6 mL/L ETOH suddenly and completely relaxed the ***(0.1 μmol/L)stimulated the baseline amplitude from 12.37±0.05 mN to 27.40±1.82 mN within 1.60±0.24 *** this peak,the amplitude decreased to 17.17±0.22 mN and remained constant during the *** frequency peaked at 12.8±0.2 c/min, after which the constant frequency was 9.43±0.24 c/min throughout the rest of the *** at a dose of 4 mL/L significantly decreased the amplitude from 16.13±0.23 mN to 14.93±0.19 ***,no significant changes in the contractile frequency were *** at a dose of 6 mL/L inhibited both the amplitudes and the frequencies in the CCK-stimulated group,while 8 mL/L of E

关键词： Animals Carbachol Central Nervous system Depressants Cholecystokinin Cholinergic Agonists Erythromycin Ethanol Gastrointestinal Agents Gastrointestinal Motility In Vitro Male Rabbits Research support, Non-U.s. Gov't sphincter of Oddi

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