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Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security

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Molecular plant 2023年第10期16卷 1590-1611页

作者： Kevin V.pixley Jill E.Cairns Santiago Lopez-Ridaura Chris O.Ojiewo Maryam Abba Dawud Inoussa Drabo Taye Mindaye Baloua Nebie Godfrey Asea Biswanath Das Happy Daudi Haile Desmae Benoit Joseph Batieno Ousmane Boukar Clare T.M.Mukankusi Stanley T.Nkalubo Sarah J.Hearne Kanwarpal S.Dhugga Harish Gandhi sieglinde sna.p Ernesto Adair Zepeda-Villarreal International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) TexcocoMexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) HarareZimbabwe International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) NairobiKenya Lake Chad Research Institute(LCRI) MaidiguriNigeria International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) DakarSenegal Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research(EIAR) Addis AbabaEthiopia National Agricultural Research Organization(NARO) KampalaUganda Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute(TARI) NaliendeleTanzania Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles(INERA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso International Institute of Tropicl Agriculture(IITA) KanoNigeria Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT KampalaUganda

Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food *** temperatures,shifting weather patterns,and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local,regional,and global agricultural *** varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance,productivity,and profitability under climate-changed *** surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet,sorghum,maize,groundnut,cowpea,and common bean varieties,particularly in sub-Saharan *** then review the current progress and prospects for breeding three prioritized future-essential traits for each of these *** predict that most current breeding priorities will remain important,but that rates of genetic gain must increase to keep pace with climate challenges and consumer ***,the predicted future-essential traits include innovative breeding targets that must also be prioritized;for example,(1)optimized rhizosphere microbiome,with benefits for p,N,and water use efficiency,(2)optimized performance across or in specific cropping systems,(3)lower nighttime respiration,(4)improved stover quality,and(5)increased early *** further discuss cutting-edge tools and approaches to discover,validate,and incorporate novel genetic diversity from exotic germplasm into breeding populations with unprecedented precision,accuracy,and *** conclude that the greatest challenge to developing crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security might be our innovativeness in defining and boldness to breed for the traits of tomorrow.

关键词： climate change food security crop breeding cropping systems expert survey sub-Saharan Africa

Social network structures among the livestock farmers vis a vis calcium supplement technology

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Information processing in Agriculture 2019年第1期6卷 170-182页

作者： Sreeram Vishnu Jancy Gupta S.p.Subash Center for Research on Innovation and Science policy(CRISp) Road number 10Banjara HillsHyderabadTelengana PIN:500034India Division of Dairy Extension ICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteKarnalHaryanaIndia ICAR-National Institute of Agricultural Economics and policy Research New DelhiIndia

This study aims to delineate and analyze the configuration of social networks of farmers with respect to the acquisition of information on vital livestock *** stage sampling was carried out by interviewing 320 technology-adopter farmers from four districts of Kerala State in *** mapping the network,social network analysis(sna)was used,which revealed the important sources as well as patterns of information access by *** established the predominance of a formal communication source(veterinary doctor)in the study locales followed by small-sized peer groups of livestock farmers for crucial information support on technology *** trend is observed irrespective of their gender in various study *** the study thus,underscored the role of homogenous peer groups of farmers in facilitating meaningful interactions as well as information sharing on the *** the low level of adoption of most livestock technologies along with the weak livestock extension machinery in the country,these findings could be used by extension agencies to strategize future technological interventions.

关键词： Social network analysis Communication Joint liability group Knowledge Extension Dairying

Using Mathematical Models in Decision Making Methodologies to Find Key Nodes in the Noordin Dark Network

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American Journal of Operations Research 2014年第4期4卷 255-267页

作者： William p. Fox Sean F. Everton Department of Defense Analysis Naval Postgraduate School Monterey USA

A Dark Network is a network that cannot be accessed through tradition means. Once uncovered, to any degree, dark network analysis can be accomplished using the sna software. The output of sna software includes many measures and metrics. For each of these measures and metric, the output in ORA additionally provides the ability to obtain a rank ordering of the nodes in terms of these measures. We might use this information in decision making concerning best methods to disrupt or deceive a given dark network. In the Noordin Dark network, different nodes were identified as key nodes based upon the metric used. Our goal in this paper is to use methodologies to identify the key players or nodes in a Dark Network in a similar manner as we previously proposed in social networks. We apply two multi-attribute decision making methods, a hybrid AHp & TOpSIS and an average weighted ranks scheme, to analyze these outputs to find the most influential nodes as a function of the decision makers’ inputs. We compare these methods by illustration using the Noordin Dark Network with seventy-nine nodes. We discuss sensitivity analysis that is applied to the criteria weights in order to measure the change in the ranking of the nodes.

关键词： Social Network Analysis Multi-Attribute Decision Making Analytical Hierarchy process (AHp) Decision Criterion Weighted Criterion TOpSIS Node Influence Sensitivity Analysis Average Weighted Ranks

Research on Technology Landscape Based on patent Co-citation

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Research on Technology Landscape Based on Patent Co-citation

第五届（2010）中国管理学年会——技术与创新管理分会场

作者： WANG Xian-wen WISE Lab,Dalian University of Technology,p.R.China,116085 ZHANG Xi WISE Lab,Dalian University of Technology,p.R.China,116085

The aim of this study is to reveal the technology exchange and technology competition among *** of patent bibliometrics,social network analysis (sna) and information visualization are employed to analyze patents of Fortune 500 indexed in Derwent Innovations Index,the largest patent database in the *** authors searched the whole database to construct the co-citation matrix of the companies,calculate the Jaccard coefficient,then to form the *** on the co-citation network,several main technology clusters are identified,including Chemicals,petroleum refining,Motor Vehicles,pharmaceuticals,Electronics,*** relationships among the leading companies and technology clusters are also *** on the comparing of the co-citation networks formed in three different times,the evolution of the technology competition structure is studied.

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网络体系结构与协议介绍

计算机科学 1982年第4期 52-63页

作者： p.E.Green 魏启彤

这篇导引性文章是着意为不熟悉计算机网络的读者写的。为他们进一步阅读本专题的技术文献打下一个基础。此地采取的办法是从一个功能有序表出发,这个表中的功能是两个端点用户联系在一起时任一网络所应提供的。然后说明如何自然地导致... 详细信息

这篇导引性文章是着意为不熟悉计算机网络的读者写的。为他们进一步阅读本专题的技术文献打下一个基础。此地采取的办法是从一个功能有序表出发,这个表中的功能是两个端点用户联系在一起时任一网络所应提供的。然后说明如何自然地导致分展同等协议,由这些协议构成计算机网络体系结构。在讨论专用网络(商业上提供的)和公用网络(公共载波)几个框图后,简略阐述了 sna 和 DNA 体系结构的层次和报头结构以及 X.25 接口。

关键词：网络体系结构载波电磁波用户节点路径选择功能协议层存取路径点(数学) 端点远程应用程序

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CICS/VS和它在系统网络结构中的作用

计算机科学 1980年第2期 31-48页

作者： D.J.Eade p.Homan J.H.Jones 陈胜凡

本文讨论了顾客信息控制系统/虚拟存贮器(CICS/VS)的发展.并描述了CICS/VS如何管理一个sna前的远程处理网络。接着概述了系统网络结构(sna),讨论了CICS/VS在一个sna环境中的作用。本文最后概要说明了sna对CICS/VS的优点。

关键词： CICS/VS 功能管理报文逻辑单元 sna VS

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环境温度与钉螺耗氧量关系的研究

中国血吸虫病防治杂志 2004年第5期16卷 326-329页

作者：杭德荣周晓农洪青标颜维安吴荷珍杨坤江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所无锡214064 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所

目的　探索环境温度与钉螺耗氧量关系及钉螺“冬眠”或“夏蛰”现象与耗氧量关系。方法　在实验室模拟自然环境 ,逐步改变温度 ,分别测定 0～ 4 0℃环境温度条件下钉螺耗氧量的值 ,判断环境温度与钉螺耗氧量关系 ,同时观察钉螺“冬眠”... 详细信息

目的　探索环境温度与钉螺耗氧量关系及钉螺“冬眠”或“夏蛰”现象与耗氧量关系。方法　在实验室模拟自然环境 ,逐步改变温度 ,分别测定 0～ 4 0℃环境温度条件下钉螺耗氧量的值 ,判断环境温度与钉螺耗氧量关系 ,同时观察钉螺“冬眠”和“夏蛰”情况 ,分析钉螺耗氧量与“冬眠”率和“夏蛰”率的相关关系。结果　环境温度在 1～ 36℃之间钉螺耗氧量随温度升高而增加 ,钉螺耗氧量随环境温度的变化趋势与曲线方程 y=6 .6× 10 - 5- 3× 10 - 6 x+4.4× 10 - 6 x2 - 8× 10 - 8x3高度拟合(R2 =0 .998,F=2 775 ,psnail· h(95 %可信区间为 8.6 5× 10 - 5～ 1.5 0 3×10 - 4m g/ snail· h) ,2 9～ 36℃平均增加 2 .92× 10 - 5mg/ snail· h(95 %可信区间为 1.71× 10 - 5～4 .13× 10 - 5m g/ snail· h) ,后者升幅显著低于前者。 37℃开始出现钉螺死亡 ;“冬眠”率与耗氧量之间呈直线回归关系 (R2 =0 .92 8,F=10 2 .2 8,p<0 .0 1) ;随着温度的升高 ,钉螺耗氧量升幅明显下降 ,但当温度升高至 35℃左右才开始出现“夏蛰”现象 ,至 4 0℃时仅有 2 7.78%钉螺表现出“夏蛰”状态。结?

关键词：环境温度钉螺耗氧量冬眠夏蛰