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A Hybrid Model for Improving Software Cost Estimation in Global Software Development

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 1399-1422页

作者： Mehmood ahmed Noraini B.Ibrahim Wasif nisar Adeel ahmed Muhammad Junaid Emmanuel Soriano Flores Divya Anand Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Parit RajaBatu Pahat86400Malaysia Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Wah Cantt CampusIslamabad47010Pakistan Department of Information Technology The University of HaripurKhyber Pakhtunkhwa22620Pakistan Engineering Research Innovation Group Universidad Europea del AtlanticoSantander39011Spain

Accurate software cost estimation in Global Software Development(GSD)remains challenging due to reliance on historical data and expert *** models,such as the Constructive Cost Model(COCOMO II),rely heavily on historical and accurate *** addition,expert judgment is required to set many input parameters,which can introduce subjectivity and variability in the estimation ***,there is a need to improve the current GSD models to mitigate reliance on historical data,subjectivity in expert judgment,inadequate consideration of GSD-based cost drivers and limited integration of modern technologies with cost *** study introduces a novel hybrid model that synergizes the COCOMO II with Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)to address these *** proposed hybrid model integrates additional GSD-based cost drivers identified through a systematic literature review and further vetted by industry *** article compares the effectiveness of the proposedmodelwith state-of-the-artmachine learning-basedmodels for software cost *** the NASA 93 dataset by adopting twenty-six GSD-based cost drivers reveals that our hybrid model achieves superior accuracy,outperforming existing *** findings indicate the potential of combining COCOMO II,ANN,and additional GSD-based cost drivers to transform cost estimation in GSD.

关键词： Artificial neural networks COCOMO II cost drivers global software development linear regression software cost estimation

Parametic Model for Optimization of Battery Capacity and Power Transmitters of On-line Electric Vehicles in Closed/Open Environments

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第1期9卷 185-196页

作者： Fatima nisar Syed Haider Imtiaz Alam Asad Waqar Toqeer ahmed Mudassar Usman Department of Electrical Engineering School of Engineering&Applied Sciences(BSEAS)Bahria UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Centre for Advanced Electronics and Photovoltaic Engineering(CAEPE) International Islamic Universityand School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Science(SINES)National University of Science and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan

An on-line electric vehicle(OLEV)uses a wireless charging phenomenon,in which power transmitters are installed beneath the road and the OLEV’s battery is charged *** paper deals with the optimization of two key economic and design parameters,i.e.,the size of the battery and the power transmitters allocation.A complete model configuration of the OLEV system,including the vehicle design and power transmitter,is implemented using MATLAB/*** battery’s state of charge(SOC)rises and drops according to the vehicle’s velocity and power collection and *** mixed integer programming(MIP)model is used for cost ***,with the help of the SOC graph and MIP model,the battery size and the number of power transmitters,along with their placements,are *** proposed model is applicable to both closed and open environments as it accepts both regulated and deregulated *** test cases are performed for this *** first test case deals with regulated velocity for which we have applied the KAIST campus OLEV’s velocity along with its 13 kWh battery size and 4 power transmitters,and then applied the suggested solution with the same velocity and route i.e.,8 power transmitters with shorter lengths and reduced battery size(3.25 kWh;one-fourth of the first case).SOC is found within limits at the end of the route,saving$1600 and validating the proposed model in this *** the second test case,we use deregulated velocity and optimize both parameters,using the same approach.

关键词： Closed and open environments mixed integer programming on-line electrical vehicle power transmitters state of charge wireless charging

A Color Image Encryption Scheme Based on Singular Values and Chaos

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第10期137卷 965-999页

作者： Adnan Malik Muhammad Ali Faisal S.Alsubaei nisar ahmed Harish Kumar Electrical Engineering Department University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Cybersecurity College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21959Saudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

The security of digital images transmitted via the Internet or other public media is of the utmost *** encryption is a method of keeping an image secure while it travels across a non-secure communication medium where it could be intercepted by unauthorized *** study provides an approach to color image encryption that could find practical use in various *** proposed method,which combines four chaotic systems,employs singular value decomposition and a chaotic sequence,making it both secure and *** unified average change intensity,the number of pixels’change rate,information entropy analysis,correlation coefficient analysis,compression friendliness,and security against brute force,statistical analysis and differential attacks are all used to evaluate the algorithm’s *** a thorough investigation of the experimental data,it is concluded that the proposed image encryption approach is secure against a wide range of attacks and provides superior compression friendliness when compared to chaos-based alternatives.

关键词： Encryption image encryption chaos theory color image encryption singular value decomposition compression friendliness

Design of Computer Methods for the Solution of Cervical Cancer Epidemic Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1649-1666页

作者： Ali Raza Muhammad Rafiq Dalal Alrowaili Nauman ahmed Ilyas Khan Kottakkaran Sooppy nisar Muhammad Mohsin Department of Mathematics National College of Business Administration and Economics LahorePakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54500Pakistan Mathematics Department College of ScienceJouf UniversityP.O.Box:2014SakakaSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics College of Arts and Science at Wadi AldawaserPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj11991Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Technische Universitat ChemnitzGermany

Nonlinear modelling has a significant role in different disciplines of sciences such as behavioral,social,physical and biological *** structural properties are also needed for such types of disciplines,as dynamical consistency,positivity and boundedness are the major requirements of the models in these *** more thing,this type of nonlinear model has no explicit *** the sake of comparison its computation will be done by using different computational ***,the aforementioned structural properties have not been restored in the existing computational techniques in ***,the construction of structural preserving computational techniques are *** nonlinearmodel for cervical cancer is constructed by parametric perturbation ***-known computer methods are considered for the computation of cervical cancer *** well-known existing methods in literature are Euler Maruyama,Euler and Runge *** finite difference method or Implicitly driven explicit method is first time considered for aforesaid model under the assumptions given byMickens in a stochastic ***,the aforementioned existing methods did not reinstate structural properties of cervical cancer dynamics in the human *** plannedmethod is structural preserving and a powerful tool for all nonlinear models of biomedical engineering *** have verified that existing computational methods do not preserve dynamical ***,the implicitly driven explicit method is a good device for dynamical *** the support of assertions,convergence analysis of implicitly driven explicit method is presented.

关键词： Cervical cancer model differential equations computer methods convergence analysis

Structure Preserving Algorithm for Fractional Order Mathematical Model of COVID-19

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 2141-2157页

作者： Zafar Iqbal Muhammad Aziz-ur Rehman Nauman ahmed Ali Raza Muhammad Rafiq Ilyas Khan Kottakkaran Sooppy nisar Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahorePakistan Stochastic Analysis&Optimization Research Group Department of MathematicsAir UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics National College of Business Administration and EconomicsLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54500Pakistan Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City72915Vietnam Department of Mathematics College of Arts and Science at Wadi AldawaserPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj11991Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

In this article,a brief biological structure and some basic properties of COVID-19 are described.A classical integer order model is modified and converted into a fractional order model withξas order of the fractional ***,a valued structure preserving the numerical design,coined as Grunwald–Letnikov non-standard finite difference scheme,is developed for the fractional COVID-19 *** into account the importance of the positivity and boundedness of the state variables,some productive results have been proved to ensure these essential *** of the model at a corona free and a corona existing equilibrium points is investigated on the basis of Eigen *** Routh–Hurwitz criterion is applied for the local stability *** appropriate example with fitted and estimated set of parametric values is presented for the *** solutions are displayed for the chosen values ofξ(fractional order of the derivatives).The role of quarantined policy is also determined gradually to highlight its significance and relevancy in controlling infectious *** the end,outcomes of the study are presented.

关键词： Coronavirus pandemic model deterministic ordinary differential equations numerical methods convergence analysis

Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma:A case report and literature review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第9期14卷 1830-1839页

作者： Hassan ahmed Hassaan Bari Umer nisar Sheikh Muhammad Irfan Basheer Department of Surgical Oncology Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research CentreLahore 54782Pakistan Department of Pathology Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research CentreLahore 54782Pakistan

BACKGROUND Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma(PHL)is a rare tumor with a very low incidence of about 0.2%.CASE SUMMARY A 48-year-old diabetic,hypertensive,and morbidly obese female patient presented with a history of abdominal pain and weight loss for 2 *** had no history of fever,jaundice,or other liver disease(s).Clinical examination revealed a palpable mass in the *** evaluation with a contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed an illdefined enhancing hyper vascular hepatic mass of 9.9 cm×7.8 cm occupying the left hepatic lobe with evidence of central necrosis,compression effect on the left hepatic vein,and partial wash-out on delayed *** further workup,the maximum standardized uptake value on positron emission computed tomography scan was 6.4,which was suggestive of *** remaining part of the liver was normal without any evidence of ***-guided biopsy of the mass showed smooth muscle neoplasm suggestive of *** optimization for co-morbidities,an extended left hepatectomy was planned in a multidisciplinary team *** intraoperative ultrasound,the left hepatic lobe was entirely replaced by a large tumor extending to the caudate lobe with a compression effect on the middle and left hepatic *** histopathology showed nodular and whorled white tumor comprised of spind-led/fascicular cells with moderate to severe pleomorphism and focal *** mitotic index was greater than 20 mitoses per 10 high-power *** resection margins were free of ***(IHC)depicted a desmin-positive/caldesmon-negative/discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumor 1-negative/cluster of differentiation 117-negative profile,confirming the definitive diagnosis as *** This case report highlights the rare malignant mesenchymal hepatic *** confirm PHL diagnosis,one requires peculiar histopathological findings with ancillary IHC confirmation.M

关键词： Leiomyosarcoma Immunohistochemistry Hepatectomy Surgical resection Case Report

Classification of Electrocardiogram Signals for Arrhythmia Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第12期77卷 3817-3834页

作者： Muhammad Aleem Raza Muhammad Anwar Kashif nisar Ag.Asri Ag.Ibrahim Usman ahmed Raza Sadiq Ali Khan Fahad Ahmad Department of Computer Science and IT Lahore Lead UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Information Sciences Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore54000Pakistan Faculty of Computing and Informatics University Malaysia SabahJalan UMSKota KinabaluSabah88400Malaysia Computer Science Department UBIT Karachi UniversityKarachi75270Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences Deanship of Common First YearJouf UniversitySakakaAljouf72341Saudi Arabia

With the help of computer-aided diagnostic systems,cardiovascular diseases can be identified timely manner to minimize the mortality rate of patients suffering from cardiac ***,the early diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia is one of the most challenging *** manual analysis of electrocardiogram(ECG)data with the help of the Holter monitor is ***,the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)is receiving considerable attention from researchers for automatically identifying ECG *** paper proposes a 9-layer-based CNN model to classify the ECG signals into five primary categories according to the American National Standards Institute(ANSI)standards and the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instruments(AAMI).The Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Beth Israel Hospital(MIT-BIH)arrhythmia dataset is used for the *** proposed model outperformed the previous model in terms of accuracy and achieved a sensitivity of 99.0%and a positivity predictively 99.2%in the detection of a Ventricular Ectopic Beat(VEB).Moreover,it also gained a sensitivity of 99.0%and positivity predictively of 99.2%for the detection of a supraventricular ectopic beat(SVEB).The overall accuracy of the proposed model is 99.68%.

关键词： Arrhythmia ECG signal deep learning convolutional neural network physioNet MIT-BIH arrhythmia database

Conservation status evaluation of Berberis species across the Karakoram Mountain Ranges, Pakistan using IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第6期27卷 1385-1390页

作者： Tika Khan Imtiaz ahmed Khan Abdul Rehman nisar ahmed Integrated Mountain Area Research Centre Karakoram International University Department of Biological Sciences Karakoram International University Centre of Agriculture Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Agriculture Faisalabad

Berberis species medicinal plants in Pakistan are endangered, high-value with important eco-cultural, commercial and livelihood roles in mountain communities. To assess the geographical distribution of Berberis species across the Karakoram Mountain Ranges in Pakistan, we used IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria （2001） to calculate the extent of occurrence （EOO, 〈100 km^2） and the area of occupancy （AOO, 〈10 km^2） of Berberis pseudumbellata subsp, pseudumbellata and B. pseudumbellata subsp. gilgitica. Overgrazing and habitat loss were key population- limiting factors. The two subspecies had contrasting responses to temperature, elevation, precipitation and insect susceptibility. B. pseudumbellata subsp, gilgitica is endemic to Gilgit-Baltistan and grows in single-cropping zone （ar- eas 〉 200 m a.s.1.）. Status evaluation revealed that both subspecies meet the criteria set for critically endangered species. Prolonged disregard of its declining population trend might lead to its extinction; therefore, integrated con- servation efforts are necessary.

关键词： Berberis Ecological zonation Critically endangered Extent of occurrence Karakoram Occupation area Spatial distribution

Ab-initio calculations of structural,electronic,and optical properties of Zn_3(VO_4)_2

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第3期27卷 220-224页

作者： nisar ahmed S Mukhtar Wei Gao Syed Zafar Ilyas Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Department of Physics Allama Iqbal Open University Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering the University of Auckland

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of Zn3（VO4）2 are investigated using full potential linearized aug- mented plane wave （FP-LAPW） method within the framework of density functional theory （DFT）. Various approaches are adopted to treat the exchange and correlation potential energy such as generalized gradient approximation （GGA）, GGA＋U, and the Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson （TB-mBJ） potential. The calculated band gap of 3.424 eV by TB- mBJ is found to be close to the experimental result （3.3 eV）. The optical anisotropy is analyzed through optical constants, such as dielectric function and absorption coefficient along parallel and perpendicular crystal orientations. The absorption coefficient reveals high absorption （1.5 ×10^6cm^-1） of photons in the ultraviolet region.

关键词： density functional theory Zn3(V04)2 electronic structure optical properties