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Learning to become addicted,one synapse at a time

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 401-402页

作者： Alessio Attardo sidney B.Cambridge Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology MagdeburgGermany Institute for Anatomy II Dr.Senckenberg AnatomyGoethe-University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurtGermany

Addiction has been extensively studied on many levels:from the molecular level,with various“omics”approaches(Natividad et al.,2018;Grecco et al.,2021),to the clinical level,with psychotherapy and MRI imaging(Ceceli ... 详细信息

关键词： clinical therapy

中国急性冠状动脉综合征患者治疗和预后的地区差异:来自国家胸痛中心的证据

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Science Bulletin 2024年第9期69卷 1302-1312页

作者：周书铎张岩董雪洁马郡雄李娜史红 sidney C.Smith Jr 金音子许铭向定成郑志杰霍勇 Department of Global Health Peking University School of Public HealthBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health and Development Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Department of Cardiology Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China Chinese Medical Association Beijing 100052China Division of Cardiovascular Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina 27599-3140USA Department of Cardiology General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLAGuangzhou 510010China

Regional variations in acute coronary syndrome(ACS) management and outcomes have been an enormous public health issue. However, studies have yet to explore how to reduce the variations. The National Chest Pain Center Program(NCPCP) is the first nationwide, hospital-based, comprehensive, continuous quality improvement program for improving the quality of care in patients with ACS in China. We evaluated the association of NCPCP and regional variations in ACS healthcare using generalized linear mixed models and interaction analysis. Patients in the Western region had longer onset-to-first medical contact(FMC) time and time stay in non-percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) hospitals, lower rates of PCI for ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patients, and higher rates of medication *** in Central regions had relatively lower in-hospital mortality and in-hospital heart failure *** in the door-to-balloon time(Dto B) and in-hospital mortality between Western and Eastern regions were less after accreditation(β =-8.82, 95% confidence interval(CI)-14.61 to-3.03;OR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.70 to 0.91). Similar results were found in differences in Dto B time, primary PCI rate for STEMI between Central and Eastern regions. The differences in PCI for higher-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS) patients among different regions had been ***, the differences in medication use between Eastern and Western regions were higher after accreditation. Regional variations remained high in this large cohort of patients with ACS from hospitals participating in the NCPCP in China. More comprehensive interventions and hospital internal system optimizations are needed to further reduce regional variations in the management and outcomes of patients with ACS.

关键词： Acute coronary syndromes Quality improvement Regional variations Quality metrics

Is convenience really king? Comparative evaluation of catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in the public and private healthcare sectors of Viet Nam: a longitudinal patient cost study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-12页

作者： Nguyen Hoa Binh Quang Vo Luan Nguyen Forse Rachel Jeanette Wiemers Anja Maria Christine Huynh Huy Ba Dong Thuy Thi Thu Phan Yen Thi Hoang Creswell Jacob Dang Thi Minh Ha Nguyen Lan Huu Shedrawy Jad L?nnroth Knut Nguyen Tuan Dinh Van Dinh Luong Annerstedt Kristi sidney Codlin Andrew James National Lung Hospital Ha Noi Viet Nam Friends for International TB Relief Ha Noi Viet Nam Department of Global Public Health WHO Collaboration Centre On Tuberculosis and Social Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Stop TB Partnership Geneva Switzerland Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Background In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) represents a devastating life-event with an exorbitant price tag, partly due to lost income from daily directly observed therapy in public sector care. Thus, persons with TB may seek care in the private sector for its flexibility, convenience, and privacy. Our study aimed to measure income changes, costs and catastrophic cost incurrence among TB-affected households in the public and private *** Between October 2020 and March 2022, we conducted 110 longitudinal patient cost interviews, among 50 patients privately treated for TB and 60 TB patients treated by the National TB Program (NTP) in Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Using a local adaptation of the WHO TB patient cost survey tool, participants were interviewed during the intensive phase, continuation phase and post-treatment. We compared income levels, direct and indirect treatment costs, catastrophic costs using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests and associated risk factors between the two cohorts using multivariate *** The pre-treatment median monthly household income was significantly higher in the private sector versus NTP cohort (USD 868 vs USD 578;P=0.010). However, private sector treatment was also significantly costlier (USD 2075 vs USD 1313;P=0.005), driven by direct medical costs which were 4.6 times higher than costs reported by NTP participants (USD 754 vs USD 164;Ptreatment (aOR=10.86; 95%CI: 2.64–44.60;Ptreated in the

关键词： Tuberculosis Patient cost Catastrophic cost Private sector Comparative analysis Viet Nam

Oral anti-coagulants use in Chinese hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第2期137卷 172-180页

作者： Jing Lin Deyong Long Chenxi Jiang Caihua Sang Ribo Tang Songnan Li Wei Wang Xueyuan Guo Man Ning Zhaoqing Sun Na Yang Yongchen Hao Jun Liu Jing Liu Xin Du Louise Morgan Gregg C.Fonarow sidney C.Smith Jr Gregory Y.H.Lip Dong Zhao Jianzeng Dong Changsheng Ma On behalf of CCC-AF investigators Department of Cardiology Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029China National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing 100029 China Department of Epidemiology Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of HeartLung and Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijing 100029China International Quality Improvement Department American Heart AssociationDallasTX 07076USA Division of Cardiology Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos Angeles CA 90024USA Division of Cardiology University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Cardiology Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart&Chest HospitalLiverpool L143PEUK Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9000Denmark 不详

Background:Oral anti-coagulants(OAC)are the intervention for the prevention of stroke,which consistently improve clinical outcomes and survival among patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).The main purpose of this study is to identify problems in OAC utilization among hospitalized patients with AF in ***:Using data from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Atrial Fibrillation(CCC-AF)registry,guideline-recommended OAC use in eligible patients was ***:A total of 52,530 patients with non-valvular AF were enrolled from February 2015 to December 2019,of whom 38,203 were at a high risk of stroke,9717 were at a moderate risk,and 4610 were at a low *** admission,only 20.0%(6075/30,420)of patients with a diagnosed AF and a high risk of stroke were taking *** use of pre-hospital OAC on admission was associated with a lower risk of new-onset ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack among the diagnosed AF population(adjusted odds ratio:0.54,95%confidence interval:0.43-0.68;P70%of AF patients were at a high risk of *** poor performance on guideline-recommended OAC use was found in this study,over time the CCC-AF project has made progress in stroke prevention in the Chinese AF ***

关键词： Atrial fibrillation Oral anti-coagulants OAC Stroke prevention Contraindication

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脑机接口的物理学

世界科学 2024年第1期 13-16页

作者：李威西德尼·珀科维兹美国埃默里大学

西德尼·珀科维兹深入浅出地介绍研究人员为研发更安全、更耐用、惠及更多人群的脑机接口所做的诸多前沿工作。人类大脑是一种复杂到惊人的机器。人类大脑皮层拥有800多亿个神经元，每个神经元又有1000个突触。我们的大脑每秒大约要处理...

西德尼·珀科维兹深入浅出地介绍研究人员为研发更安全、更耐用、惠及更多人群的脑机接口所做的诸多前沿工作。人类大脑是一种复杂到惊人的机器。人类大脑皮层拥有800多亿个神经元，每个神经元又有1000个突触。我们的大脑每秒大约要处理100兆比特的信息。想象一下，要是在我们思考的时候，尝试实时测量、提取并解释我们大脑中的所有信号，会是什么场景？记录大脑曾经只是科幻小说和电影——比如《X战警》（X-Men）和《黑客帝国》（The Matrix）——才有的情节，但现在，我们真的有可能把大脑同计算机连在一起，并且通过这种系统控制机械手臂，或者把你脑海中的想法记录下来。

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来源：博看期刊

Correlative CD4 and CD8 T-cell immunodominance in humans and mice:Implications for preclinical testing

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第11期20卷 1328-1338页

作者： Tertuliano Alves Pereira Neto John sidney Alba Grifoni Alessandro Sette Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research La Jolla Institute for Immunology(LJI)La JollaCA92037USA Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA92037USA

Antigen-specific T-cell recognition is restricted by Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC)molecules,and differences between CD4 and CD8 immunogenicity in humans and animal species used in preclinical vaccine testing are yet to be fully *** this study,we addressed this matter by analyzing experimentally identified epitopes based on published data curated in the Immune Epitopes DataBase(IEDB)*** first analyzed SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)and nucleoprotein(N),which are two common targets of the immune response and well studied in both human and mouse *** observed a weak but statistically significant correlation between human and H-2^(b)mouse T-cell responses(CD8 S specific(r=0.206,p=1.37×10^(−13));CD4 S specific(r=0.118,p=2.63×10^(−5))and N specific(r=0.179,p=2.55×10^(−4))).Due to intrinsic differences in MHC molecules across species,we also investigated the association between the immunodominance of common Human Leukocyte Antigen(HLA)alleles for which HLA transgenic mice are available,namely,A*02:01,B*07:02,DRB1*01:01,and DRB1*04:01,and found higher significant correlations for both CD8 and CD4(maximum r=0.702,p=1.36×10^(−31)and r=0.594,p=3.04−122,respectively).Our results further indicated that some regions are commonly immunogenic between humans and mice(either H-2^(b)or HLA transgenic)but that others are human ***,we noted a significant correlation between CD8 and CD4 S-(r=0.258,p=7.33×10^(21))and N-specific(r=0.369,p=2.43×10^(14))responses,suggesting that discrete protein subregions can be simultaneously recognized by T *** findings were confirmed in other viral systems,providing general guidance for the use of murine models to test T-cell immunogenicity of viral antigens destined for human use.

关键词： T cells SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Animal testing HLA

A cognitive model＇s view of animal cognition

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 499-513页

作者： sidney D'MELLO Stan FRANKLIN Department of Psychology University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA Institute of Intelligent Systems University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

Although it is a relatively new field of study, the animal cognition literature is quite extensive and difficult to synthesize. This paper explores the contributions a comprehensive, computational, cognitive model can make toward organizing and assimilating this literature, as well as toward identifying important concepts and their interrelations. Using the LIDA model as an example, a framework is described within which to integrate the diverse research in animal cognition. Such a framework can provide both an ontology of concepts and their relations, and a working model of an animal’s cognitive processes that can compliment active empirical research. In addition to helping to account for a broad range of cognitive processes, such a model can help to comparatively assess the cognitive capabilities of different animal species. After deriving an ontology for animal cognition from the LIDA model, we apply it to develop the beginnings of a database that maps the cognitive facilities of a variety of animal species. We conclude by discussing future avenues of research, particularly the use of computational models of animal cognition as valuable tools for hypotheses generation and testing.

关键词：模型动物认知模式认知过程认知能力认知研究动物物种模型假设数据库

Local Conformational Constraint of Firefly Luciferase Can Affect the Energy of Bioluminescence and Enzyme Stability

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CCS Chemistry 2022年第5期4卷 1695-1707页

作者： Chao Zhang Xiaoguang Bai Shengxi Chen Larisa M.Dedkova sidney M.Hecht Biodesign Center for Bioenergetics Arizona State UniversityTempeArizona 85287 School of Molecular Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeArizona 85287

Conformational dynamics contribute importantly to enzyme catalysis,such that targeted conformational constraint may affect *** luciferases undergo extensive structural change during catalysis;key residues form a hydrophobic pocket,excluding water and enabling maximally energetic light *** mutants almost always luminesce at longer wavelengths(lower energy)than the wild *** constraint,using dipeptide analogue 3 at a position critical for optimized excited state structure,produced luciferase emission at a shorter wavelength by∼10 ***,introduction of conformationally constrained analogues 4,5,or 7 afforded luciferases emitting at longer wavelengths,while a related unconstrained luciferase(analogue 6)exhibited wild-type *** constrained luciferases tested were more stable than the wild *** modeling demonstrated that the“inside”or“outside”orientation of the conformationally constrained dipeptide led to the shorter or longer emission wavelength,*** broadly,these results suggest that local conformational constraint can control specific elements of enzyme behavior,both in vitro and in *** represents the first example of studying enzyme function by introducing conformationally constrained dipeptides at a specific protein *** principles discovered here in luciferase modification will enable studies to control the wavelength emission and photophysical properties of modified luciferases.

关键词： genetic code reprogramming modified ribosomes conformational constraint luciferase bioluminescence and stability protein modeling

Interference of iron as a coagulant on MIB removal by powdered activated carbon adsorption for low turbidity waters

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期25卷 1575-1582页

作者： Ferreira Filho sidney SECKLER Marchetto MARGARIDA Alves Laganaro ROSEMEIRE Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Polytechnic School University of Sao Paulo Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering University of Mato Grosso Companhia de Saneamento Basico do Estado de So Paulo(SABESP)

Powered activated carbon （PAC） is widely used in water treatment plants to minimize odors in drinking water. This study investigated the removal of 2-methylisoborneol （MIB） by PAC adsorption, combined with coagulation using iron as a coagulant. The adsorption and coagulation process were studied through different case scenarios of jar tests. The analysis evaluated the effect of PAC dosing in the liquid phase immediately before or after the coagulant addition. Ferric sulphate was used as the coagulant with dosages from 10 to 30 mg/L, and PAC dosages varied from 10 to 40 mg/L. The highest MIB removal efficiency （about 70%） was achieved without the coagulant addition and with the highest PAC dosage （40 mg/L）. Lower MIB removal efficiencies were observed in the presence of coagulant, showing a clear interference of the iron precipitate or coagulant in the adsorption process. The degree of interference of the coagulation process in the MIB removal was proportional to the ratio of ferric hydroxide mass to the PAC mass. For both cases of PAC dosing, upstream and downstream of the coagulant injection point, the MIB removal efficiency was similar. However, MIB removal efficiency was 15% lower when compared with experiments without the coagulant application. This interference in the MIB adsorption occurs potentially because the coagulant coats the surface of the carbon and interferes with the MIB coming in contact with the carbon＇s surface and pores. This constraint requires an increase of the PAC dosage to provide the same efficiency observed without coagulation.

关键词： adsorption 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) coagulation activated carbon