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Gut microbiota interactions with anti-diabetic medications and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Methodology 2022年第4期12卷 246-257页

作者： Ravi Kant Lakshya Chandra Vipin Verma Priyanshu Nain Diego Bello siddharth patel Subash Ala Rashmi Chandra Mc Anto Antony Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismMedical University of South CarolinaAndersonSC 29621United States Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismAnMed HealthAndersonSC 29621United States Department of Internal Medicine St Francis HospitalGreenvilleSC 29601United States Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of South CarolinaAndersonSC 29621United States Department of Internal Medicine AnMed HealthAndersonSC 29621United States Department of Graduate Medical Education Maulana Azad Medical CollegeDelhi 110002India Department of Surgery AnMed HealthAndersonSC 29621United States Department of Internal Medicine Decatur Morgan HospitalDecaturAL 35601United States

Microorganisms including bacteria,viruses,protozoa,and fungi living in the gastrointestinal tract are collectively known as the gut *** is the imbalance in microbial composition on or inside the body relative to healthy *** Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and decreased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila are the predominant gut dysbiosis associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and metabolic *** mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis,and metabolic diseases and their complications include altered metabolism of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids,interaction with gut hormones,increased gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide,bacterial translocation/Leaky gut syndrome,and endotoxin production such as *** association between the gut microbiota and glycemic agents,however,is much less understood and is the growing focus of research and *** studies suggest that the gut microbiota and anti-diabetic medications are interdependent on each other,meaning that while anti-diabetic medications alter the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota also alters the efficacy of anti-diabetic *** increasing evidence regarding the significance of gut microbiota,it is imperative to review the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of *** review also discusses the interaction between gut microbiota and the various medications used in the treatment of T2DM.

关键词： Metabolic disease Gut microbiota Cardiovascular disease Short chain fatty acid Dysbiosis Trimethylamine-N-oxide

Analysis of causes for revision in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第25期12卷 5642-5645页

作者： Sujit Kumar Tripathy siddharth Satyakam Pradhan Shahnawaz Khan Hursch patel Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751019OdishaIndia Department of Orthopedics All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751019India Department of Medicine Kansas City University of Medicine and BiosciencesKansas CityMO 64106United States

The study by Zhao et al identifies the factors leading to the failure of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA)in their *** factors include substandard suturing of the wound,the presence of osteophytes and intra-articular loose bodies causing impingement,premature loosening of the tibial component,choosing unsuitable patients for the procedure,dislocation of the movable insert,and damage to the anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral *** findings suggest that employing the correct surgical techniques and indications is essential for successful outcomes in the UKA.

关键词： Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Arthroplasty Knee Failure Conversion TKA

Ad Blockers & Online Privacy: A Comparative Analysis of Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET)

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 378-395页

作者： siddharth M. Madikeri Vijay K. Madisetti School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

Online tracking mechanisms employed by internet companies for user profiling and targeted advertising raise major privacy concerns. Despite efforts to defend against these mechanisms, they continue to evolve, rendering many existing defences ineffective. This study performs a large-scale measurement of online tracking mechanisms across a large pool of websites using the OpenWPM (Open Web Privacy Measurement) platform. It systematically evaluates the effectiveness of several ad blockers and underlying Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET) that are primarily used to mitigate different tracking techniques. By quantifying the strengths and limitations of these tools against modern tracking methods, the findings highlight gaps in existing privacy protections. Actionable recommendations are provided to enhance user privacy defences, guide tool developers and inform policymakers on addressing invasive online tracking practices.

关键词： Privacy Enhancing Technology (PET) Personally Identifiable Information (PII) OpenWPM Web Privacy

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第4期 10-14页

作者： siddharth Philip Anthony Palazzo Julie Johnsson Charlotte Ryan Danny Lee Mary Schlangenstein 晴川(译) 不详

●对手波音正因737Max的质量问题而深陷泥沼,借此时机,空客已开始规划全新机型,以期在未来数十年里称霸业内1987年初,法国南部某机场内上演了不同寻常的一幕。当时还是王储的查尔斯王子站在一个登机扶梯上,轻轻地将一个超大瓶内的香槟... 详细信息

●对手波音正因737Max的质量问题而深陷泥沼,借此时机,空客已开始规划全新机型,以期在未来数十年里称霸业内1987年初,法国南部某机场内上演了不同寻常的一幕。当时还是王储的查尔斯王子站在一个登机扶梯上,轻轻地将一个超大瓶内的香槟洒在空客SE A320喷气机的机头上,他的妻子戴安娜王妃看着这一切,脸上带着她标志性的似显困惑的微笑。随后,现场激光华彩、干冰升腾,为1400名到场嘉宾开启了一场奢华庆典——毕竟,那是在80年代。

关键词：法国南部 A320 空客

Modified Masquelet technique in children

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022年第6期25卷 389-391页

作者： Ravi Mittal siddharth Jain Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia

Masquelet technique is one of the modalities for the treatment of long bone *** cancellous bone graft to fill the bone defect is always a concern in children due to the small size of their iliac crest and open growth *** reported a case of 13-year-old male who presented with gap non-union of middle third of *** applied a modified Masquelet technique by using only the cortical fibular graft instead of cancellous bone to fill the space surrounded by induced *** was used as a nonvascularized strut graft and matched stick graft to achieve complete *** concluded that nonvascularized fibula grafting is an easy and effective option to fill the bone defect in children in the second stage of Masquelet technique.

关键词： Masquelet technique Induced membrane Children Gap non-union Free fibula graft

Finding the superior mode basis for mode-division multiplexing:a comparison of spatial modes in air-core fiber

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Advanced Photonics 2023年第5期5卷 50-67页

作者： Hongya Wang Jianzhou Ai Zelin Ma siddharth Ramachandran Jian Wang Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic InformationWuhanChina Optics Valley Laboratory WuhanChina Boston University BostonMassachusettsUnited States

Diverse spatial mode bases can be exploited in mode-division multiplexing(MDM)to sustain the capacity growth in fiber-optic communications,such as linearly polarized(LP)modes,vector modes,LP orbital angular momentum(LP-OAM)modes,and circularly polarized OAM(CP-OAM)***,which kind of mode bases is more appropriate to be utilized in fiber still remains ***,we aim to find the superior mode basis in MDM fiber-optic communications via a system-level comparison in air-core fiber(ACF).We first investigate the walk-off effect of four spatial mode bases over 1-km ACF,where LP and LP-OAM modes show intrinsic mode walk-off,while it is negligible for vector and CP-OAM *** then study the mode coupling effect of degenerate vector and CP-OAM modes over 1-km ACF under fiber perturbations,where degenerate even and odd vector modes suffer severe mode cross talk,while negligible for highorder degenerate CP-OAM modes based on the laws of angular momentum ***,we comprehensively evaluate the system-level performance for data-carrying single-channel and two-channel MDM transmission with different spatial mode bases under various kinds of fiber perturbations(bending,twisting,pressing,winding,and out-of-plane moving).The obtained results indicate that the CP-OAM mode basis shows superiority compared to other mode bases in MDM fiber-optic communications without using multiple-input multiple-output digital signal *** findings may pave the way for robust shortreach MDM optical interconnects for data centers and high-performance computing.

关键词： fiber-optic communications mode-division multiplexing spatial modes linearly polarized modes vector modes linearly polarized orbital angular momentum modes circularly polarized orbital angular momentum modes air-core fiber fiber perturbations

Investigation of 58Ni(n, p)58Co reaction cross-section with covariance analysis

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 78-90页

作者： Akash Hingu S.Mukherjee siddharth Parashari Arora Sangeeta A.Gandhi Mahima Upadhyay Mahesh Choudhary Sumit Bamal Namrata Singh G.Mishra Sukanya De Saurav Sood Sajin Prasad G.Saxena Ajay Kumar R.G.Thomas B.K.Agrawal K.Katovsky A.Kumar Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceThe M.S.University of BarodaVadodara 390002India Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebBijenička c.32Zagreb 10000Croatia Department of Physics University Institute of SciencesChandigarh UniversityGharuanMohali 140413PunjabIndia Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Măgurele 077125Romania Nuclear Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Health Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Department of Physics(H&S) Government Women Engineering CollegeAjmer 305002India Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata 700064India Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushakti NagarMumbai 400094India

The excitation function of the 58Ni(n,p)58Co reaction was measured using the well-established neutron activation technique andγ-ray *** in the energy range of 1.7 to 2.7 MeV were generated using the 7Li(p,n)*** neutron flux was measured using the standard 115In(n,n’)115mIn monitor *** results of the neutron spectrum averaged cross-section of 58Ni(n,p)58Co reactions were compared with existing cross-section data available in the EXFOR data library as well as with various evaluated data libraries such as ENDF/B-VIII.0,JEFF-3.3,JENDL-4.0,and *** calculations were performed using the nuclear reaction code *** nuclear level density(NLD)models were tested,and their results were compared with the present *** NLDs were also obtained through the spectral distribution method(SDM).The cross-section results,along with the absolute errors,were obtained by investigating the uncertainty propagation and using the covariance *** forγ-ray true coincidence summing,low-energy background neutrons,andγ-ray self attenuation were *** experimental cross-section obtained in the present study is consistent with previously published experimental data,evaluated libraries,and theoretical calculations carried out using the TALYS code.

关键词： nuclear reactions (n,p)reaction cross-section measurement covariance analysis nuclear level density

Fluid-structure interaction based optimisation in tidal turbines:A perspective review

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第5期7卷 449-461页

作者： siddharth Suhas Kulkarni Lin Wang Nicholas Golsby Martin Lander School of Mechanical Aerospace and Automotive EngineeringCoventry UniversityCoventry CV12JHUnited Kingdom

Occurrences such as the global climate change have presented critical challenges to humanity and necessitated studies into how greenhouse gas emissions can be *** practical solution is the generation of power from renewable and sustainable sources;hence,tidal current energy which,however,also gives rise to the concept of fluid-structure interaction(FSI).The pressure and fluid flow aspects affect the structural deformations and the structural deformations in turn affect pressure and *** paper presents a perspective review of FSI based optimisation in tidal turbines with a focus on low-order aerodynamic,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and structural *** was acknowledged that,to aid humanity amidst the issue of using renewable or non-renewable sources of energy,practical solutions such as generating renewable energy from sustainable sources are *** current energy was found to be one of the most reliable solutions but further studies regarding its practicality was advised.

关键词： tidal greenhouse Tidal

Effects of mechanical vibration on the physical,metallurgical and mechanical properties of cast A308(LM21)aluminum alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第6期29卷 1206-1215页

作者： siddharth Yadav S.P.Tewari J.K.Singh S.C.Ram Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)Varanasi 221005India Department of Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)Varanasi 221005India

This study investigated the microstructure,physical,and mechanical properties of die-cast A308 alloy subjected to mechanical vibration during *** frequencies(0,20,30,40,and 50 Hz)at constant amplitude(31μm)were employed using a power amplifier as the power input device.X-ray diffraction,optical microscopy,and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the morphological changes in the cast samples under stationary and vibratory *** features of the castings were evaluated using Image J *** average values of metallurgical features,including primaryα-Al grain size,dendrite arm spacing,average area of eutectic silicon,aspect ratio,and percentage porosity,reduced by 34%,59%,56%,22%,and 62%,respectively,at 30 Hz frequency compared with stationary *** tests of the cast samples showed that the yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS),percentage elongation(%EL),and microhardness(HV)increased by 8%,13%,17%,and 16%,respectively,at 30 Hz frequency compared with stationary *** fractured surface of the tensile specimens exhibited mixed-mode fracture behavior because of brittle facets,cleavage facets,ductile tearing,and dimple *** presence of small dimples showed that plastic deformation occurred before fracture.

关键词： mechanical vibration microstructures microhardness tensile strength fractography