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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第1期4卷 138-144页

作者： Suresh Rana Kevin Rogers shyam pokharel Terry Lee Daniel Reed Christopher Biggs Department of Radiation Oncology Arizona Center for Cancer Care Peoria USA Premiere Oncology Fort Myers USA

Our purpose in this study was to assess the dosimetric impact of the Acuros XB algorithm (AXB), in comparison with Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) calculations, for esophageal cancer treatment plans created with RapidArc technique. First, we performed a phantom study by comparing the percent depth dose (PDD) calculated by AXB and AAA against the measured PDD in a slab phantom containing a 2 cmair gap thickness. Second, we performed a clinical study using a computed tomography (CT) data set from 10 esophageal cancer patients. The treatment plans calculated by AXB and AAA were evaluated for planning target volume (PTV) coverage, doses to the PTV and organs at risk (OARs). Dose calculations by the AXB and AAA were done for identical beam parameters. The AXB showed better agreement (within ±0.5%) with measurements than did the AAA (?4.9% to ?6.2%). In comparison to the AAA, the AXB predicted a higher maximum PTV dose (2.0%), but lower mean (1.1%) and minimum (2.5%) PTV doses as well as reduced PTV coverage (9.1%). The averaged mean doses to all OARs predicted by the AXB were lower (up to 3.6%), and the percentage of lungs volume receiving at least 20 and 5 Gy were lower by about 3.6% in the AXB plans compared to the AAA plans. The AXB is more accurate than the AAA for dose predictions when air medium is involved. The use of AXB is more likely to avoid dose overestimation or underestimation for the esophageal cancer treatment plans compared to AAA.

关键词： Acuros XB AAA Esophageal Cancer Heterogeneity Correction

Adverse effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy:pathophysiology, mechanisms and clinical management

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第8期8卷 3622-3648页

作者： Sunitha shyam Sunder Umesh C.Sharma Saraswati pokharel Cardio-Oncology Research Group Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNYUSA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Jacob’s School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA

Since their invention in the early 2000s,tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)have gained prominence as the most effective pathwaydirected anti-cancer *** have shown significant utility in the treatment of multiple hematological malignancies and solid tumors,including chronic myelogenous leukemia,non-small cell lung cancers,gastrointestinal stromal tumors,and HER2-positive breast *** their widespread applications,an increasing frequency of TKI-induced adverse effects has been *** TKIs are known to affect multiple organs in the body including the lungs,liver,gastrointestinal tract,kidneys,thyroid,blood,and skin,cardiac involvement accounts for some of the most serious *** most frequently reported cardiovascular side effects range from hypertension,atrial fibrillation,reduced cardiac function,and heart failure to sudden *** potential mechanisms of these side effects are unclear,leading to critical knowledge gaps in the development of effective therapy and treatment *** are limited data to infer the best clinical approaches for the early detection and therapeutic modulation of TKI-induced side effects,and universal consensus regarding various management guidelines is yet to be *** this state-of-the-art review,we examine multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies and curate evidence on the pathophysiology,mechanisms,and clinical management of these adverse *** expect that this review will provide researchers and allied healthcare providers with the most up-to-date information on the pathophysiology,natural history,risk stratification,and management of emerging TKI-induced side effects in cancer patients.

关键词： clinical involvement organs

Biochar increases soil microbial biomass with changes in extra-and intracellular enzyme activities:a global meta-analysis

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Biochar 2020年第1期2卷 65-79页

作者： Prem pokharel Zilong Ma Scott X.Chang Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta442 Earth Sciences BuildingEdmonton T6G 2E3Canada

Biochar application to soil has been proposed as a potential management strategy to enhance soil carbon(C)sequestration,reduce greenhouse gas emission,improve soil quality,and increase crop *** effects of biochar on soil microbial and enzyme activities are integrally linked to the potential of biochar in achieving these *** conducted a global meta-analysis to assess the effects of biochar on soil microbial biomass C and nitrogen(N)and the activities of 12 enzymes,and identify key factors affecting those soil microbial properties using 964 data points from 72 *** found that biochar effects on enzyme activities vary widely with soil type,biochar property and the type of enzyme *** significantly increased microbial biomass C(MBC)and urease,alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities by 21.7%,23.1%,25.4%and 19.8%,respectively,with no significant negative effects on any of the enzymes analyzed in this *** application was more effective in increasing MBC and enzyme activities in soils with low pH(10)and low C/N ratio(<50)increased MBC and urease and dehydrogenase *** increased MBC and N-acquisition enzyme activities in the field but not in lab incubation *** was increased in short-term studies(within 100 days of biochar application)while alkaline phosphatase was increased in long-term studies that span more than 1 *** increase in MBC and activities of some soil enzymes in response to biochar application with no negative effects on any hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes illustrate its potential to enhance soil quality particularly in the degraded soils with low nutrient availability and fertility due to limited soil microbial and enzymatic *** study also shows that biochars can be designed to achieve specif

关键词： Edaphic factor Nutrient mineralization Pyrolysis Soil health Soil management

Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Foliar Soluble Nutrients and Functional Components of Tea Seedlings with Tea Aphid Infestation

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Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Foliar Solub...

作者： Sabin Saurav pokharel 南京农业大学

学位级别：硕士

茶(Camellia sinensis L.)是一种原产于中国和东南亚的木本多年生植物,有30-50年的寿命。施用氮肥对茶树生长至关重要,会直接影响茶叶可溶性成分、功能成分和茶树挥发物等变化,长期以来一直用于商业茶园以提高茶叶产量。此外,氮肥对害... 详细信息

茶(Camellia sinensis L.)是一种原产于中国和东南亚的木本多年生植物,有30-50年的寿命。施用氮肥对茶树生长至关重要,会直接影响茶叶可溶性成分、功能成分和茶树挥发物等变化,长期以来一直用于商业茶园以提高茶叶产量。此外,氮肥对害虫的影响以及与宿主植物的相互作用对茶树生理和品质影响显著。茶蚜,Toxoptera aurantii(Boyer de Fonscolombe)是茶园主要的多食性害虫,已成为严重影响茶叶品质的最主要害虫之一。本研究设置了正常氮肥水平(100%)和减氮水平(正常氮肥水平的70%和50%),并设置了接种茶蚜为害和未接种茶蚜为害的处理,目的是研究施用氮肥对茶植物生理和功能参数的影响,包括影响茶树生物合成途径的关键基因以及受害虫为害后的茶叶质量参数等。探究减施氮肥对茶树叶片营养和功能成分的影响,以防止茶蚜的侵染。研究结果如下:1、施用氮肥对茶树生物量和光合指标(包括Pn、Gs、Ci与Tr)、叶片营养成分(包括茶株可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脂肪酸)均有显著影响(P≤0.05)。与正常氮肥水平(100%)相比,减氮处理(正常氮肥水平的70%和50%)显著降低了未受茶蚜为害的茶苗的叶片营养成分含量,而受蚜虫为害茶苗以上成分均显著增加。此外,有蚜虫为害和无蚜虫为害的茶苗的光合指数Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr在正常氮肥水平下显著升高,而在减氮处理下显著降低。茶树生物量(包括根系生物量、嫩枝生物量)和根冠比(RSR)也有相同趋势。2、施用氮肥显著影响茶苗叶片的功能成分含量(包括茶多酚、儿茶素、咖啡碱、必需氨基酸和茶氨酸)(P≤0.05)。与正常氮肥水平相比(100%),减氮处理(正常氮肥水平的70%和50%)显著降低了未受蚜虫为害的茶苗叶片功能成分含量,而受蚜虫为害的茶苗叶片以上成分增加了。此外,有蚜虫为害和无蚜虫为害茶苗叶片的相关功能基因(包括Cs TCS、Cs TS1、Cs GT1和Cs MYB75)的转录表达水平在正常氮肥水平的70%时显著升高,在正常氮肥水平的50%时显著降低,而Cs GT1的转录表达水平则刚好呈现相反的趋势。3.施用氮肥对茶苗挥发物(VOCs)和茶蚜(***)的种群动态有显著影响(P≤0.05)。与正常氮肥水平相比,减氮处理(正常氮肥水平的70%和50%)显著降低了无蚜虫为害茶苗的VOCs百分比含量,同时显著增加了有蚜虫为害茶苗的VOCs百分比含量。此外,正常氮肥水平(100%)处理中茶蚜的种群发生量显著高于减量施肥(正常氮肥水平的70%和50%)。可见,减施氮肥可提高茶苗的VOCs(尤其是茶蚜为害下);此外,减氮处理下茶蚜种群发生量减少,对茶园蚜虫防治有利。

关键词：茶苗氮肥水平茶蚜叶片化学成分转录本表达水种群发生量

Effect of applied potential on the microstructure, composition and corrosion resistance evolution of fluoride conversion film on AZ31 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第11期34卷 2084-2090页

作者： Liping Wu Changgang Wang Durga Bhakta pokharel Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim Lin Zhao Junhua Dong Wei Ke Nan Chen Environmental Corrosion Center Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

AZ31 magnesium（Mg） alloy was potentiostatic polarized in 0.1 M deaerated KF solution with pH 7.5 from-0.4 V to-1.4 V with an interval of-0.2 V. The polarization process was described by the potentiostatic current decay. The resultant film was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）. The results demonstrated that the deposited film included a Mg（OH）2/MgF2 containing inner layer and a Mg（OH）-2/MgF2/KMgF3 comprising outer layer. The high polarized potential produced high content of MgF2 but low content of KMgF3 and thin film. Conversely, the low polarized potential produced small content of MgF2 but high content of KMgF3 and thick film. The optimal corrosion resistance of the deposited film was obtained at-1.4 V, which was closely related with the content of MgF2 and KMgF3 and the film thickness.

关键词： Potentiostatic Fluoride conversion film AZ33 magnesium alloy KF solution Corrosion

Chronic Refractory Idiopathic Urticaria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第11期11卷 13-22页

作者： Indira Acharya Ashik pokharel Ashbina pokharel Lanaya Williams Smith Department of Internal Medicine MedStar Union Memorial Hospital Baltimore Maryland USA Department of Internal Medicine William Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak Michigan USA Department of Internal Medicine MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital Baltimore Maryland USA

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a complex medical condition characterized by substantial morbidity and a negative impact on one’s quality of life. There are several treatment approaches available, tailored to the severity of the condition, which can enhance overall quality of life. Aim: In this article, we outline a systematic approach to managing chronic urticaria, while also elucidating the available treatment strategies for cases that prove resistant to conventional therapies. To illustrate our points, we present a clinical case as a practical example. Case Presentation: Here, we present a patient with CSU since childhood who presented in the context of refractory hives and generalized arthralgia that responded well to omalizumab therapy with no further relapse. Conclusion: Omalizumab is a biological agent that offers a potential treatment option for CSU. It is available for individuals twelve years and older who have not responded well to conventional treatments. It has demonstrated good efficacy with a relatively low rate of clinically significant adverse effects. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research regarding the optimal method for tapering the dosage and determining the duration of treatment.

关键词： Omalizumab Biological Agent Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) Conventional Treatment Relapse

Effect of D-fructose on the in-vitro corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第7期66卷 202-212页

作者： Durga Bhakta pokharel Liping Wu Junhua Dong Xin Wei Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim Dhruba Babu Subedi Aniefiok Joseph Umoh Wei Ke Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science(SYNL) Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Material Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Department of Marine Biology Akwa Ibom State UniversityUyoNigeria

The effect of addingd-fructose to simulated body fluid(SBF) on the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium(Mg) alloy at 37.C and at a pH of 7.4 was studied by potentiodynamic polarization(PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), potentiostatic polarization and hydrogen(H2) collecting techniques,Raman spectroscopy technique, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis(XPS) and Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR). The results demonstrated that the addition of fructose enhanced the deposition of phosphates forming thick and compact corrosion products, which inhibited the transmission of aggressive ions into the Mg substrate. As a result, both the anodic dissolution of Mg and negative difference effect(NDE) were suppressed. Thus, the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mgalloy in SBF was significantly improved.

关键词： AZ31 Mg alloy D-Fructose SBF EIS Hydroxyapatite

Modeling measles transmission in adults and children:Implications to vaccination for eradication

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1007-1026页

作者： Anjana pokharel Khagendra Adhikari Ramesh Gautam Kedar Nath Uprety Naveen K.Vaidya Padma Kanya Multiple Campus Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Mathematical Biology Research Center KathmanduNepal Amrit Campus Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Ratna Rajya Laxmi Campus Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Central Department of Mathematics Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Department of Mathematics and Statistics San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Computational Science Research Center San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Viral Information Institute San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA

Despite the availability of successful vaccines,measles outbreaks have occurred frequently in recent years,presumably due to the lack of proper vaccination ***,measles cases in adult groups,albeit small in number,indicate that the previously neglected adult group may need to be brought into vaccine coverage to achieve WHO's goal of measles eradication from the *** this study,we develop a novel transmission dynamics model to describe measles cases in adults and children to evaluate the role of adult infection in persistent measles cases and vaccination programs for *** of our model,validated by measles cases from outbreaks in Nepal,provides the vaccination reproduction number(conditions for measles eradication or persistence)and the role of contact network *** results highlight that while children are primary targets for measles outbreaks,a small number of infections in adults may act as a reservoir for measles,causing obstacles to ***,our model analysis shows that while impactful controls can be achieved by children-focused vaccines,a combined adult-child vaccination program may help assert eradication of the disease.

关键词： Measles eradication Measles reservoir Adult-child vaccination Adults and children groups Nepal

Effect of organic silicon quaternary ammonium salts on mitigating corrosion of reinforced steel induced by SRB in mild alkaline simulated concrete pore solution

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第5期64卷 126-140页

作者： Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim Junhua Dong Jie Wei Chen Nan Durga Bhakt pokharel Aniefiok Joseph Umoh Dake Xu Mingzhong Su Wei Ke Environmental Corrosion Centre Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Department of Marine Biology Akwa Ibom State UniversityP.M.B.1167UyoNigeria School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Sani-care Salon Products Inc.USA

The corrosion damage of 20 SiMn steel by sulphate-reducing bacteria(SRB)and the mitigation effect of organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt(OSA)were studied in sterilized mild alkaline simulated concrete pore solution(STR)with different additions of SRB and OSA at pH 9.35 for 28 *** corrosion occurs in STR medium while slight localized corrosion is observed in STR+OSA medium,and localized pitting corrosion occurs in STR+SRB and STR+SRB+OSA *** largest pit depth reduces from 36.70μm in STR+SRB medium to 3.31μm in STR+SRB+OSA medium due to the mitigation effect of *** corrosion rate reflected by weight loss and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)results presents the order of STR

关键词： Steel reinforced concrete Microbial corrosion Biocide EIS

Sensitivity of the electronic and magnetic structures of cuprate superconductors to density functional approximations

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 266-276页

作者： Kanun pokharel Christopher Lane James W.Furness Ruiqi Zhang Jinliang Ning Bernardo Barbiellini Robert SMarkiewicz Yubo Zhang Arun Bansil Jianwei Sun Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA70118USA Theoretical Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA Department of Physics School of Engineering ScienceLUT UniversityFI-53851LappeenrantaFinland Physics Department Northeastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA

We discuss the crystal,electronic,and magnetic structures of La_(2−x)Sr_(x)CuO_(4)(LSCO)for x=0.0 and x=0.25 employing 13 density functional approximations,representing the local,semi-local,and hybrid exchange-correlation approximations within the Perdew–Schmidt *** meta-generalized gradient approximation(meta-GGA)class of functionals is found to perform well in capturing the key properties of LSCO,a prototypical high-temperature cuprate *** contrast,the localspin-density approximation,GGA,and the hybrid density functional fail to capture the metal-insulator transition under doping.

关键词： functional electronic approximation