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Seasonal compensation implied no weakening of the land carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere under the 2015/2016 El Niño

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 281-294页

作者： Fangzhong SHI Xiuchen WU Xiaoyan LI Philippe CIAIS Hongyan LIU Chao YUE Yuting YANG Shulei ZHANG shushi peng Yi YIN Benjamin POULTER Deliang CHEN State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation Qinghai Normal UniversityXining 810016China Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering Beijing Normal University(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519085China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement(LSCE) CEA-CNRS-UVSQUMR821291191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance College of Urban and Environmental Science MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA 91125USA Biospheric Sciences Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg SE-40530Sweden

The recurrent extreme El Niño events are commonly linked to reduced vegetation growth and the land carbon sink over many but discrete regions of the Northern Hemisphere(NH).However,we reported here a pervasive and continuous vegetation greening and no weakened land carbon sink in the maturation phase of the 2015/2016 El Niño event over the NH(mainly in the extra-tropics),based on multiple evidences from remote sensing observations,global ecosystem model simulations and atmospheric CO_(2)*** discovered a significant compensation effect of the enhanced vegetation growth in spring on subsequent summer/autumn vegetation growth that sustained vegetation greening and led to a slight increase in the land carbon sink over the spring and summer of 2015(average increases of 23.34%and 0.63%in net ecosystem exchange from two independent datasets relative to a 5-years average before the El Niño event,respectively)and spring of 2016(6.82%),especially in the extra-tropics of the NH,where the water supply during the pre-growing-season(November of the previous year to March of the current year)had a positive *** seasonal compensation effect was much stronger than that in 1997 and 1998 and significantly alleviated the adverse impacts of the 2015/2016 El Niño event on vegetation growth during its maturation *** legacy effect of water supply during the pre-growing-season on subsequent vegetation growth lasted up to approximately six *** findings highlight the role of seasonal compensation effects on mediating the land carbon sink in response to episodic extreme El Niño events.

关键词： El Niño Seasonal compensation effect Vegetation greening Land carbon sink Net ecosystem exchange Legacy effect

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Mapping global forest biomass and its changes over the first decade of the 21st century

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第3期62卷 585-594页

作者： Anping CHEN shushi peng Songlin FEI Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University The Woods Hole Research Center Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement(LSCE) CEA-CNRS-UVSQ

Forests played an important role in carbon sequestration during the past two decades. Using a model tree ensemble method(MTE) to regress the seven reflectance bands of EOS-Terra-MODIS satellite data against country level forest biomass carbon density(BCD) of 2001–2005 provided by United Nations' s Forest Resource Assessment(FRA), we developed a global map of forest BCD at 1 km×1 km resolution for both 2001–2005 and 2006–2010. For 2006–2010, the total global forest biomass carbon stock is estimated as 279.6±7.1 Pg C, and the tropical forest biomass carbon stock is estimated as 174.4±5.4 Pg C. During the first decade of the 21 st century, we estimated an increase of global forest biomass of 0.28±0.75 Pg C yr^(-1). Tropical forest biomass carbon stock slightly decreased(-0.31±0.60 Pg C yr^(-1)); by contrast, temperate and boreal forest biomass increased(0.58±0.28 Pg C yr^(-1)) during the same period. Our estimation of the global forest biomass carbon stock and its changes is subject to uncertainties due to lack of extensive ground measurements in the tropics, spatial heterogeneity in large countries, and different definitions of forest. The continuously monitoring of forest biomass carbon stock with MODIS satellite data will provide useful information for detecting forest changes.

关键词： Forest biomass Carbon stock Model tree ensemble(MTE) MODIS Remote sensing

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Multimodel projections and uncertainties of net ecosystem production in China over the twenty-first century

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第34期59卷 4681-4691页

作者： Tao Wang Xin Lin shushi peng Nan Cong Shilong Piao Laboratory for Glaciology and Environmental Geophysics CNRS/Joseph Fourier-Grenoble University 38402 GrenobleFrance Laboratory for Climate and Environmental Science CEA CNRS UVSQ 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University

Ecosystems in China have been absorbing anthropogenic CO2 over the last three decades. Here, we assess future carbon uptake in China using models from phase 5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project under four socio-economic scenarios. The average of China's carbon sink from 2006 to 2100 represented by multimodel mean net ecosystem production(NEP) is projected to increase(relative to averaged NEP from 1976 to 2005) in the range of 0.137 and 0.891 Pg C a-1across differentscenarios. Increases in NEP are driven by increases in net primary production exceeding increases in heterotrophic respiration, and future carbon sink is mainly attributed to areas located in eastern China. However, there exists a considerable model spread in the magnitude of carbon sink and model spread tends to be larger when future climate change becomes more intense. The model spread may result from intermodel discrepancy in the magnitude of CO2 fertilization effect on photosynthesis, soil carbon turnover time, presence of carbon-nitrogen cycle and interpretation of land-use changes. For better quantifying future carbon cycle, a research priority toward improving model representation of these processes is recommended.

关键词：中国东部地区生态系统生产量不确定性模式预测二氧化碳使用模型净初级生产力

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Changes in productivity and carbon storage of grasslands in china under future global warming scenarios of 1.5℃ and 2℃

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第5期12卷 804-814页

作者： Zhaoqi Wang Jinfeng Chang shushi peng Shilong Piao Philippe Ciais Richard Betts Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement LSCE/IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversitéParis-SaclayF-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of ExeterExeter EX44PSUK Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX13PBUK

Aims the impacts of future global warming of 1.5℃ and 2℃ on the productivity and carbon(c)storage of grasslands in china are not clear yet,although grasslands in china support~45 million agricultural populations and more than 238 million livestock populations,and are sensitive to global *** this study used a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model named ORcHIDEE to simulate c cycle of alpine meadows and temperate grasslands in *** model was driven by high-resolution(0.5°×0.5°)climate of global specific warming levels(SWL)of 1.5℃ and 2℃(warmer than pre-industrial level),which is downscaled by Ec-EARtH3-HR v3.1 with sea surface temperature and sea-ice concentration as boundary conditions from IPSL-cM5-LR(low spatial resolution,2.5°×1.5°)Earth system model(ESM).Important Findingscompared with baseline(1971-2005),the mean annual air temperature over chinese grasslands increased by 2.5℃ and 3.7℃ under SWL1.5 and SWL2,*** increase in temperature in the alpine meadow was higher than that in the temperate grassland under both SWL1.5 and *** was also shown an increasing trend under SWL2 over most of the chinese *** increases in gross primary productivity(GPP)were simulated in the chinese grasslands,and the mean annual GPP(GPP_(MA))increased by 19.32%and 43.62%under SWL1.5 and SWL2,*** c storage increased by 0.64 Pg c and 1.37 Pg c under SWL1.5 and SWL2 for 50 years *** GPP_(MA) was 0.67_(0.39)^(0.88)(0.82)(model mean_(min) ^(max) (this study)),0.85_(0.45)^(1.24)(0.97)and 0.94_(0.61)^(1.30)(1.17)Pg C year^(−1) under baseline,SWL1.5 and SWL2 modeled by four cMIP5 ESMs(phase 5 of the coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Earth System Models).In contrast,the mean annual net biome productivity was−18.55_(−40.37)^(4.47)(−3.61),18.65_(−2.03)^(64.03)(10.29)and 24.15_(8.38)^(38.77)(24.93)Tg C year^(−1) under base-line,SWL1.5 and SWL2 modeled by the four cMIP5 *** results indicated that the c

关键词： productivity carbon storage specific warming level grassland climate change

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The impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle:A review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第10期62卷 1551-1563页

作者： Shilong PIAO Xinping ZHANG Anping CHEN Qiang LIU Xu LIAN Xuhui WANG shushi peng Xiuchen WU College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China School of Natural Resources Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

The increased frequency of climate extremes in recent years has profoundly affected terrestrial ecosystem functions and the welfare of human society. The carbon cycle is a key process of terrestrial ecosystem changes. Therefore, a better understanding and assessment of the impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle could provide an important scientific basis to facilitate the mitigation and adaption of our society to climate change. In this paper, we systematically review the impacts of climate extremes(e.g. drought, extreme precipitation, extreme hot and extreme cold) on terrestrial ecosystems and their mechanisms. Existing studies have suggested that drought is one of the most important stressors on the terrestrial carbon sink, and that it can inhibit both ecosystem productivity and respiration. Because ecosystem productivity is usually more sensitive to drought than respiration, drought can significantly reduce the strength of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks and even turn them into carbon sources. Large inter-model variations have been found in the simulations of drought-induced changes in the carbon cycle, suggesting the existence of a large gap in current understanding of the mechanisms behind the responses of ecosystem carbon balance to drought, especially for tropical vegetation. The effects of extreme precipitation on the carbon cycle vary across different regions. In general, extreme precipitation enhances carbon accumulation in arid ecosystems, but restrains carbon sequestration in moist ecosystems. However, current knowledge on the indirect effects of extreme precipitation on the carbon cycle through regulating processes such as soil carbon lateral transportation and nutrient loss is still limited. This knowledge gap has caused large uncertainties in assessing the total carbon cycle impact of extreme precipitation. Extreme hot and extreme cold can affect the terrestrial carbon cycle through various ecosystem processes. Note that the se

关键词： Climate extremes Carbon cycle Carbon sink Vegetation productivity

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Big Data Application Simulation Platform Design for Onboard Distributed Processing of LEO Mega-Constellation Networks

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China Communications 2024年第7期21卷 334-345页

作者： Zhang Zhikai Gu shushi Zhang Qinyu Xue Jiayin School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Communication and Networking Technology Shenzhen 518055China Broadband Communications Research Department Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518000China

Due to the restricted satellite payloads in LEO mega-constellation networks(LMCNs),remote sensing image analysis,online learning and other big data services desirably need onboard distributed processing(OBDP).In existing technologies,the efficiency of big data applications(BDAs)in distributed systems hinges on the stable-state and low-latency links between worker ***,LMCNs with high-dynamic nodes and long-distance links can not provide the above conditions,which makes the performance of OBDP hard to be intuitively *** bridge this gap,a multidimensional simulation platform is indispensable that can simulate the network environment of LMCNs and put BDAs in it for performance *** STK's APIs and parallel computing framework,we achieve real-time simulation for thousands of satellite nodes,which are mapped as application nodes through software defined network(SDN)and container *** elaborate the architecture and mechanism of the simulation platform,and take the Starlink and Hadoop as realistic examples for *** results indicate that LMCNs have dynamic end-to-end latency which fluctuates periodically with the constellation *** to ground data center networks(GDCNs),LMCNs deteriorate the computing and storage job throughput,which can be alleviated by the utilization of erasure codes and data flow scheduling of worker nodes.

关键词： big data application Hadoop LEO mega-constellation multidimensional simulation onboard distributed processing

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1982—2010年全国草地生长时空变化

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北京大学学报（自然科学版） 2013年第2期49卷 311-320页

作者：梁爽彭书时林鑫丛楠北京大学城市与环境学院生态学系北京100871 北京大学深圳研究生院城市规划与设计学院深圳518055 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室北京100012 北京师范大学水科学研究院北京100875

基于遥感技术,利用1982—2010年间NOAA-AVHRR卫星获得的归一化植被指数(normalizeddifference vegetation index,NDVI)数据对全国29年来的草地生长动态变化及其与温度、降水的相关关系进行分析。结果表明:29年来,全国草地生长季NDVI总... 详细信息

基于遥感技术,利用1982—2010年间NOAA-AVHRR卫星获得的归一化植被指数(normalizeddifference vegetation index,NDVI)数据对全国29年来的草地生长动态变化及其与温度、降水的相关关系进行分析。结果表明:29年来,全国草地生长季NDVI总体上呈显著增加趋势(R2=0.25,p<0.01),尤其是在1982—1999年间(R2=0.60,p<0.01),而自20世纪90年代末开始失速。值得注意的是,最近十几年(1999—2010年)草地生长季NDVI变化趋势的大小和方向基本上取决于起始年份的选择,因而这一阶段草地生长的总体趋势不显著。不同地区、不同时段生长季NDVI变化趋势的空间分布存在较大差异。草地生长在1982—1999年间呈广泛(约占85%)增加趋势,在1999—2010年间出现较大范围(约占50%)的逆转,尤以干旱、半干旱地区的草地植被生长下降趋势最明显。水热组合状况是影响这一变化的主要原因。生长季平均NDVI与气候因子之间的相关关系分析表明,全国大部分地区草地生长变化主要受降水驱动,对于部分高寒和湿润、半湿润地区的草地,生长季NDVI与温度关系密切,温度上升对该地区草地生长有利。

关键词： NDVI 气候变化草地生长

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湿地面积时空变化特征及其生态效应

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中国科学基金 2022年第3期36卷 383-390页

作者：彭书时席毅北京大学城市与环境学院/地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室北京100871

内陆湿地在全球水文循环、生物地球化学循环和生物多样性保护等方面发挥着重要作用。然而,由于气候变化和人类活动的影响,近几十年全球范围的内陆湿地发生了明显退化。探究历史和未来湿地面积时空变化特征及其生态效应,对未来的气候变... 详细信息

内陆湿地在全球水文循环、生物地球化学循环和生物多样性保护等方面发挥着重要作用。然而,由于气候变化和人类活动的影响,近几十年全球范围的内陆湿地发生了明显退化。探究历史和未来湿地面积时空变化特征及其生态效应,对未来的气候变化政策制定和生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本文分析了湿地面积时空变化特征及其生态效应的研究现状和面临的挑战,探讨了未来的发展趋势和关键科学问题。在此基础上,本文建议未来应重点关注湿地时空变化特征与驱动机制、湿地水文过程与生物地球化学循环机制、湿地与气候变化、湿地生物多样性保护和湿地生态系统修复等研究方向,相关建议可为未来湿地面积时空变化特征及其生态效应的研究提供参考。

关键词：湿地遥感时空变化特征过程模拟生物多样性甲烷

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1982～2006年全球植被生长时空变化

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第四纪研究 2010年第3期30卷 522-530页

作者：孙进瑜彭书时王旭辉朴世龙北京大学城市与环境学院生态学系北京100871

基于遥感和地理信息系统技术,利用1982～2006年间NOAA-AVHRR获得的归一化植被指数(NormalizedDifferenceVegetationIndex,简称NDVI)数据对全球最近25年来的植被生长的动态变化及其与温度、降水的相关关系进行了分析。结果表明:25年间,... 详细信息

基于遥感和地理信息系统技术,利用1982～2006年间NOAA-AVHRR获得的归一化植被指数(NormalizedDifferenceVegetationIndex,简称NDVI)数据对全球最近25年来的植被生长的动态变化及其与温度、降水的相关关系进行了分析。结果表明:25年间,全球植被生长季NDVI总体上呈显著上升趋势(R^2=0.27,P<0.01),尤其在1982～1997年间(R^2=0.68,P<0.01);而在最近的10年(1997～2006年),全球平均生长季NDVI呈下降趋势(R^2=0.34,P=0.08)。不同地区生长季NDVI变化趋势存在较大差异。1982～2006年间,热带地区生长季NDVI增加速度最快(R^2=0.32,P<0.01),其次为北半球中高纬地区(R^2=0.14,P=0.06),而南半球温带地区平均生长季NDVI主要处于波动中(R^2=0.04,P=0.31)。生长季平均NDVI与气候因子之间相关关系分析表明,北半球中高纬大部分地区植被的NDVI与温度成正相关,说明温度上升对该地区植被生长有利。

关键词： NDVI 气候变化植被生长

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Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil heterotrophic respiration

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National Science Review 2021年第2期8卷 60-73页

作者： Philippe Ciais Yitong Yao Thomas Gasser Alessandro Baccini Yilong Wang Ronny Lauerwald shushi peng Ana Bastos Wei Li Peter A.Raymond Josep G.Canadell Glen P.Peters Rob J.Andres Jinfeng Chang Chao Yue A.Johannes Dolman Vanessa Haverd Jens Hartmann Goulven Laruelle Alexandra G.Konings Anthony W.King Yi Liu Sebastiaan Luyssaert Fabienne Maignan Prabir K.Patra Anna Peregon Pierre Regnier Julia Pongratz Benjamin Poulter Anatoly Shvidenko Riccardo Valentini Rong Wang Grégoire Broquet Yi Yin Jakob Zscheischler Bertrand Guenet Daniel S.Goll Ashley-P.Ballantyne Hui Yang Chunjing Qiu Dan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere 15. Institute for Geology CEN—Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversity of Hamburg 16. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford University 17. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford UniversityStanford 18. School of Geographical SciencesNanjing University of Information Science and Technology 19. Department of Ecological SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam 20. Research Institute for Global ChangeJAMSTEC Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY Center for Environmental Remote Sensing Chiba University Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) Tuva State University Republic of Tuva Max Planck Institute for Meteorology NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Biospheric Sciences Lab. 26. Department for Innovation in BiologicalAgro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF)University of Tuscia RUDN University Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan University 29. Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of Technology 30. Climate and Environmental Physics and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of Bern 31. Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sci

Resolving regional carbon budgets is critical for informing land-based mitigation policy. For nine regions covering nearly the whole globe, we collected inventory estimates of carbon-stock changes complemented by satellite estimates of biomass changes where inventory data are missing. The net land–atmospheric carbon exchange(NEE) was calculated by taking the sum of the carbon-stock change and lateral carbon fluxes from crop and wood trade, and riverine-carbon export to the ocean. Summing up NEE from all regions, we obtained a global ‘bottom-up’ NEE for net land anthropogenic CO2uptake of –2.2 ± 0.6 Pg C yr-1consistent with the independent top-down NEE from the global atmospheric carbon budget during 2000–2009. This estimate is so far the most comprehensive global bottom-up carbon budget accounting, which set up an important milestone for global carbon-cycle studies. By decomposing NEE into component fluxes, we found that global soil heterotrophic respiration amounts to a source of CO2of 39 Pg C yr-1with an interquartile of 33–46 Pg C yr-1—a much smaller portion of net primary productivity than previously reported.

关键词： carbon budget human appropriation of ecosystems soil carbon

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