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The Novel Pyruvated Glucogalactan Sulfate Isolated from the Red Seaweed, Hypnea pannosa

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2016年第3期6卷 114-125页

作者： Masakuni Tako Rintaro Ohtoshi Kazutaka Kinjyo shuntoku uechi Department of Subtropical Bioscience and Biotechnology University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan Health and Longevity Research Laboratory Integrated Innovation Research Center University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan

The polysaccharide was isolated from Hypnea pannosa which was grown in Okinawa, Japan. The yield of the polysaccharide was 17.2%, and the total carbohydrates, pyruvic acid, sulfuric acid and ash contents were 55.2%, 3.8%, 35.2% and 24.3%, respectively. 3,6-Anhydro-α-D-galactose, β-D-galactose, α-D-galactose and D-glucose were identified by liquid and thin-layer chromatography. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the polysaccharide resembled that of ι-carrageenan. From the 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, 1,3-linked β-D-galactose, 1,4-linked anhydro-α-D-galactose, 1,4-linked α-D-galactose, 1,4-linked β-D-glucose and pyruvic acid (carboxyl acetal, methyl proton and methyl carbon) were assigned. Methylation analysis revealed terminal D-galactose 0.1 mol), 1,4-linked D-glucose (1.0 mol) and 1,2,3,4,6-linked D-galactose (3.7 mol) for native polysaccharide, and terminal D-galactose, 1,4-linked D-galactose (1.9 mol), 1,4-linked D-glucose (1.0 mol), 1,3- linked D-galactose (1.7 mol), and 1,3,4,6-linked D-galactose (0.3 mol) which substituted with pyruvate group at 4 and 6 positions for desulfated polysaccharide. The polysaccharide was the novel pyruvated glucogalactan sulfate, the structure of which was proposed.

关键词： Hypnea pannosa Pyruvated Glucogalactan Sulfate 1H- and 13C-NMR Analy-sis Methylation Analysis Chemical Structure

Structure-Function Relationship of a Gellan Family of Polysaccharide, S-198 Gum, Produced by Alcaligenes ATCC31853

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2016年第3期6卷 55-69页

作者： Masakuni Tako Seiko kitajima Takuya Yogi Keiko uechi Masayuki Onaga Yukihiro Tamaki shuntoku uechi Department of Subtropical Bioscience and Biotechnology University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan Health and Longevity Research Laboratory Integrated Innovation Research Center University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan

The structure-function relationship of a gellan family of polysaccharides, S-198 gum produced by Alcaligenes ATCC31853 was investigated in terms of rheological aspects. The flow curves of S-198 gum showed plastic behavior above 0.3%. Gelation did not occur in S-198 gum solution at low temperature (0℃), even at 0.8%. Both the viscosity and the elastic modulus remained constant with increasing temperature up to 80?C. The elastic modulus decreased a little with the addition of CaCl2 (6.8 mM), but then once again remained constant up to 80℃. The highest elastic modulus was observed for deacylated gellan gum with the addition of CaCl2 and increased slightly with increasing temperature up to 80℃, which was considered to be a transition temperature, after which it decreased rapidly. The elastic modulus of S-198 gum in the presence of urea (4.0 M) was lower than that in aqueous solution at low temperature (0℃), but remained constant with increasing temperature up to 80℃. The intramolecular associations, (hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces of attraction), of S-198 gum molecules in aqueous solutions were proposed. The gellan family of polysaccharides, S-198, S-88, S-657, rhamsan, welan and gellan gum, provided a good opportunity to investigate the structure-function relationship for polysaccharides.

关键词： S-198 Gum Alcaligenes ATCC31853 Thermal Stability Intramolecular Associations Gellan Family of Polysaccharide

Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis of Film Cooling Flows

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Journal of Thermal Science 2006年第1期15卷 85-91页

作者： Xiaochen LU Peixue JIANG Hideaki SUGISHITA Hideyuki uechi Kiyoshi SUENAGA Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Takasago Research and Development Center Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. Takasago 676-8686 Japan

The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of various grids to satisfactorily simulate the development of a cooling film, using a coupled computation that takes into account the full geometry. Detailed computations of a single row of 30 degrees round holes on a flat plate are presented for blowing ratios of 0.764, 1.01 and 1.54. The simulation results are compared well with experimental data. The two-layer model gave more accurate results but consumed much more computational time than the standard wall functions. The k-ε turbulence model with wall functions with appropriate values of y^＋ is suitable for practical use. The results show the importance of the conjugate calculation for accurately describing the influence of the heat transfer within the cooling film.

关键词： film cooling conjugate heat transfer blowing ratio.

Thermoelectric Stirling Engine (TEG-Stirling Engine) Based on the Analysis of Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD)

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第7期12卷 2386-2399页

作者： Hiroshi uechi Lisa uechi Schun T. uechi Osaka Gakuin University Osaka Japan Beckman Research Institute University of California CA USA Nozuta Machida-City Tokyo Japan

The thermoelectric energy conversion technique by employing the Disk-Magnet Electromagnetic Induction (DM-EMI) is examined in detail, and possible applications to heat engines as one of the energy-harvesting technologies are discussed. The idea is induced by the analysis of thermomechanical dynamics (TMD) for a nonequilibrium irreversible thermodynamic system of heat engines, such as a drinking bird and a low temperature Stirling engine, resulting in thermoelectric energy generation different from conventional heat engines. The current thermoelectric energy conversion with DM-EMI can be applied to wide ranges of machines and temperature differences. The mechanism of DM-EMI energy converter is categorized as the axial flux generator (AFG), which is the reason why the technology is applicable to sensitive thermoelectric conversions. On the other hand, almost all the conventional turbines use the radius flux generator to extract huge electric power, which uses the radial flux generator (RFG). The axial flux generator is helpful for a low mechanoelectric energy conversion and activations of waste heat from macroscopic energy generators such as wind, geothermal, thermal, nuclear power plants and heat-dissipation lines. The technique of DM-EMI will contribute to solving environmental problems to maintain clean and sustainable energy as one of the energy harvesting technologies.

关键词： A Low Temperature Stirling Engine Axial Flux Generator Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) Thermoelectric Energy Conversions

The Application of Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) to Thermoelectric Energy Generation by Employing a Low Temperature Stirling Engine

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第9期12卷 3185-3207页

作者： Hiroshi uechi Lisa uechi Schun T. uechi Osaka Gakuin University Osaka Japan University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Data-Scientist Tokyo Japan

A thermoelectric generation Stirling engine (TEG-Stirling engine) is discussed by employing a low temperature Stirling engine and the dissipative equation of motion derived from the method of thermomechanical dynamics (TMD). The results and mechanism of axial flux electromagnetic induction (AF-EMI) are applied to a low temperature Stirling engine, resulting in a TEG-Stirling engine. The method of TMD produced thermodynamically consistent and time-dependent physical quantities for the first time, such as internal energy ℰ(t), thermodynamic work Wth(t), the total entropy (heat dissipation) Qd(t)and measure or temperature of a nonequilibrium state T˜(t). The TMD analysis produced a lightweight mechanical system of TEG-Stirling engine which derives electric power from waste heat of temperature (40˚CT100˚C) by a thermoelectric conversion method. An optimal low rotational speed about 30θ′(t)/(2π)60(rpm) is found, applicable to devices for sustainable, clean energy technologies. The stability of a thermal state and angular rotations of TEG-Stirling engine are specifically shown by employing properties of nonequilibrium temperature T˜(t), which is also applied to study optimal fuel-injection and combustion timings of heat engines.

关键词： Thermoelectric Generation Stirling Engine (TEG-Stirling Engine) Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) Time-Dependent Nonequilibrium Temperature Stability of Heat Engines in a Thermal State Optimal Fuel-Injection and Combustion Timings

The Lynx and Hare Data of 200 Years as the Nonlinear Conserving Interaction Based on Noether’s Conservation Laws and Stability

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第11期9卷 2807-2847页

作者： Hiroshi uechi Lisa uechi Schun T. uechi Osaka Gakuin University Kishibe-minami Osaka Japan University of California Los Angeles USA KPMG Ignition Tokyo Data Tech. Tokyo Japan

We applied n-variable conserving nonlinear differential equations (n-CNDEs) to the population data of the 10-year cycles of Canadian lynx (1821-2016) and the snowshoe hare (1845-1921). Modeling external effects as perturbations to population dynamics, recovering and restorations from disintegrations (or extinctions), stability and survival strategies are discussed in terms of the conservation law inherent to dynamical interactions among species. The 2-variable conserving nonlinear interaction (2CNIs) is extended to 3, 4, ... n-variable conserving nonlinear interactions (n-CNIs) of species by adjusting minimum unknown parameters. The population cycle of species is a manifestation of conservation laws existing in complicated ecosystems, which is suggested from the CNDE analysis as a standard rhythm of interactions. The ecosystem is a consequence of the long history of nonlinear interactions and evolutions among life-beings and the natural environment, and the population dynamics of an ecosystem are observed as approximate CNIs. Physical analyses of the conserving quantity in nonlinear interactions would help us understand why and how they have developed. The standard rhythm found in nonlinear interactions should be considered as a manifestation of the survival strategy and the survival of the fittest to the balance of biological systems. The CNDEs and nonlinear differential equations with time-dependent coefficients would help find useful physical information on the survival of the fittest and symbiosis in an ecosystem.

关键词： The 10-Year Population Cycles of Canadian Lynx and Snowshoe Hare The Standard Rhythm of Interactions Noether’s Conservation Law Conserving Nonlinear Interactions of Species

Thermodynamic Consistency and Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) for Nonequilibrium Irreversible Mechanism of Heat Engines

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第6期9卷 1364-1390页

作者： Hiroshi uechi Lisa uechi Schun T. uechi Osaka Gakuin University Suita Japan University of California Los Angeles USA KPMG Ignition Tokyo Data Tech. Tokyo Japan

The irreversible mechanism of heat engines is studied in terms of thermodynamic consistency and thermomechanical dynamics (TMD) which is proposed for a method to study nonequilibrium irreversible thermodynamic systems. As an example, a water drinking bird (DB) known as one of the heat engines is specifically examined. The DB system suffices a rigorous experimental device for the theory of nonequilibrium irreversible thermodynamics. The DB nonlinear equation of motion proves explicitly that nonlinear differential equations with time-dependent coefficients must be classified as independent equations different from those of constant coefficients. The solutions of nonlinear differential equations with time-dependent coefficients can express emergent phenomena: nonequilibrium irreversible states. The couplings among mechanics, thermodynamics and time-evolution to nonequilibrium irreversible state are defined when the internal energy, thermodynamic work, temperature and entropy are integrated as a spontaneous thermodynamic process in the DB system. The physical meanings of the time-dependent entropy, T(t)dS(t), , internal energy, dƐ(t), and thermodynamic work, dW(t), are defined by the progress of time-dependent Gibbs relation to thermodynamic equilibrium. The thermomechanical dynamics (TMD) approach constitutes a method for the nonequilibrium irreversible thermodynamics and transport processes.

关键词： Thermodynamic Consistency Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) Nonlinear Differential Equation with Time-Dependent Coefficients Nonequilibrium Irreversible States

The Method of Thermoelectric Energy Generations Based on the Axial and Radial Flux Electromagnetic Inductions*

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第3期12卷 715-730页

作者： Hiroshi uechi Lisa uechi Schun T. uechi Osaka Gakuin University Osaka Japan Beckman Research Institute University of California CA USA Data-Scientist Tokyo Japan

The traditional thermoelectric energy conversion techniques are explained in detail in terms of the axial flux electromagnetic (AFE) and the radial flux electromagnetic (RFE) inductions, and applications to heat engines for the energy-harvesting technologies are discussed. The idea is induced by the analysis of thermomechanical dynamics (TMD) for a nonequilibrium irreversible thermodynamic system of heat engines (a drinking bird, a low temperature Stirling engine), resulting in thermoelectric energy generation different from conventional heat engines. The mechanism of thermoelectric energy conversion can be categorized as the axial flux generator (AFG) and the radial flux generator (RFG). The axial flux generator is helpful for low mechanoelectric energy conversion and activations of waste heat from macroscopic energy generators, such as wind, geothermal, thermal, nuclear power plants and heat-dissipation lines, and the device contributes to solving environmental problems to maintain clean and sustainable energy as one of the energy harvesting technologies.

关键词： Axial Flux and Radial Flux Generators Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) Thermoelectric Energy Conversions

The Application of Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) to the Analysis of Nonequilibrium Irreversible Motion and a Low-Temperature Stirling Engine

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2023年第1期11卷 332-359页

作者： Hiroshi uechi Lisa uechi Schun T. uechi Osaka Gakuin University Suita Osaka Japan University of California Los Angeles USA KPMG Ignition Tokyo Data Technology Tokyo Japan

We applied the method of Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) to a low-temperature Stirling engine, and the dissipative equation of motion and time-evolving physical quantities are self-consistently calculated for the first time in this field. The thermomechanical states of the heat engine are in Nonequilibrium Irreversible States (NISs), and time-dependent thermodynamic work W(t), internal energy E(t), energy dissipation or entropy Qd(t), and temperature T(t), are precisely studied and computed in TMD. We also introduced the new formalism, Q(t)-picture of thermodynamic heat-energy flows, for consistent analyses of NISs. Thermal flows in a long-time uniform heat flow and in a short-time heat flow are numerically studied as examples. In addition to the analysis of time-dependent physical quantities, the TMD analysis suggests that the concept of force and acceleration in Newtonian mechanics should be modified. The acceleration is defined as a continuously differentiable function of Class C2 in Newtonian mechanics, but the thermomechanical dynamics demands piecewise continuity for acceleration and thermal force, required from physical reasons caused by frictional variations and thermal fluctuations. The acceleration has no direct physical meaning associated with force in TMD. The physical implications are fundamental for the concept of the macroscopic phenomena in NISs composed of systems in thermal and mechanical motion.

关键词： Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) The Dissipative Equation of Motion Q(t) -Picture of Thermodynamic Heat-Energy Flows Temperature of a Nonequilibrium Irreversible State A Low-Temperature Stirling Engine (LTSE)