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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第1期41卷 327-341页

作者： Qi LIU Xi LUO shulian xie John Patrick KOCIOLEK School of Life Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China Museum of Natural History University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80309USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80309USA

We detailed the valve morphology of five new species of diatom genus Nupela from wetwall communities in Yunnan Province,China,with light and scanning electron microscope.The five new species demonstrate great variability within the genus,as three of them are biraphid and two are monoraphid.In addition,variation was noted in the structure of internal proximal raphe ends,with some species having anchor-shaped ends and other species have hooked ends.The genus Nupela has grown considerably in 30years since it was first proposed,going from a monotypic genus to over 85 taxa.Diagnosis of the genus is based on the presence of an external covering over the areolae.We discussed the systematic placement of Nupela within the naviculoid diatoms.Yunnan Province appears to harbor many endemic diatom taxa,and many regions of the province have yet to be studied.

关键词： Nupela scanning electron microscope(SEM) Yunnan new species morphology China Bacillariophyceae

Comparison and phylogeny on mitochondrial genome of marine and freshwater taxa of genus Hildenbrandia(Florideophyceae,Rhodophyta)

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第6期41卷 2324-2335页

作者： Fangru NAN Juan LI Jia FENG Junping Lü Qi LIU Xudong LIU shulian xie School of Life Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Hildenbrandia is an early diverged lineage in Florideophyceae,Rhodophyta.The species diversity of this genus is still unresolved due to the simple morphology and limited molecular information.The mitochondrial genome of freshwater H.jigongshanensis was determined in this study.The freshwater H.jigongshanensis had a larger mitochondrial genome than the marine H.rubra and GC content was higher.Collinear alignment structure was observed between the mitochondrial genomes of H.jigongshanensis and H.rubra,except for one block that was encoded on the complement strand.More introns were found in mitochondrial genome of H.jigongshanensis than in H.rubra,and H.jigongshanensis shares the common feature with Bangiophyceae that two introns were distributed in cox1.Comparison of mitochondrial genome organization suggests that H.jigongshanensis preserves characters that could be hypothetically more similar to the ancestor of Bangiophyceae and Florideophyceae,which differ with previous studies based on chloroplast,and nuclear markers.More mitochondrial genomes and phylogenetic analyses combing nuclear,chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes are needed to clarify this discrepancy.Mitochondrion-based phylogeny in this study resulted in better solution at both the deep and recent derived nodes than single-gene phylogenies.Most protein-coding genes between H.jigongshanensis and H.rubra were identical except atp8,which was present in H.jigongshanensis while absent from H.rubra.This finding follows the trend that high Ka/Ks ratio genes are more frequently lost than low Ka/Ks ratio ones in red algae.

关键词： red algae organelle genome freshwater species phylogenomics

Identification of novel salt stress-responsive microRNAs through sequencing and bioinformatic analysis in a unique halophilic Dunaliella salina strain

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第4期41卷 1558-1574页

作者： Fan GAO Fangru NAN Jia FENG Junping LÜ Qi LIU Xudong LIU shulian xie School of Life Science Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional PlantsShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Dunaliella salina is a classic halophilic alga.However,its molecular mechanisms in response to high salinity at the post transcriptional level remain unknown.A unique halophilic alga strain,DS-CN1,was screened from four D.salina strains via cell biological,physiological,and biochemical methods.High-throughput sequencing of small RNAs(sRNAs)of DS-CN1 in culture medium containing 3.42-mol/L NaCl(SS group)or 0.05-mol/L NaCl(CO group)was performed on the BGISEQ-500 platform.The annotation and sequences of D.salina sRNAs were profiled.Altogether,44 novel salt stress-responsive microRNAs(miRNAs)with a relatively high C content,with the majority of them being 24 nt in length,were identified and characterized in DS-CN1.Twenty-one differentially expressed miRNAs(DEMs)in SS and CO were screened via bioinformatic analysis.A total of 319 putative salt stress-related genes targeted(104 overlapping genes)by novel miRNAs in this alga were screened based on our previous transcriptome sequencing research.Furthermore,these target genes were classified and enriched by GO and KEGG pathway analysis.Moreover,5 novel DEMs(dsa-mir3,dsa-mir16,dsa-mir17,and dsa-mir26 were significantly upregulated,and dsa-mir40 was significantly downregulated)and their corresponding 10 target genes involved in the 6 significantly enriched metabolic pathways were verified by quantitative real-time PCR.Next,their regulatory relationships were comprehensively analyzed.Lastly,a unique salt stress response metabolic network was constructed based on the novel DEM-target gene pairs.Taken together,our results suggest that 44 novel salt stress-responsive microRNAs were identified,and 4 of them might play important roles in D.salina upon salinity stress and contribute to clarify its distinctive halophilic feature.Our study will shed light on the regulatory mechanisms of salt stress responses.

关键词： Dunaliella salina salt stress response small RNA(sRNAs)sequencing microRNA(miRNAs)

Pauciramus yunnanensis,gen.et sp.nov.,a novel freshwater red alga from China with proposal of the Ottiales ord.nov.(Nemaliophycidae,Rhodophyta)

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第3期40卷 1245-1256页

作者： Kunpeng FANG Fangru NAN Jia FENG Junping LÜ Qi LIU Xudong LIU shulian xie School of Life Science Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional PlantsShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Species of the red algal order Acrochaetiales mostly inhabit marine environments,with only two freshwater taxa Audouinella and Ottia.A new genus and species are described for freshwater red alga Pauciramus yunnanensis from Ailao Mountain,Yunnan,China.It is closely related to Ottia and a new order Ottiales was proposed for these genera.Pauciramus has unique combination of morphological characteristics including the following:plants caespitose and densely pulvinate,slender uniseriate filaments with well-developed rhizoids,rarely branched,cylindrical vegetative cell with a single,ribbon-shaped and parietal chloroplast,reproduction by tetrasporangia,and dense sporangial branchlet only at the upper portion of filaments.Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data from the plastid ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase large-subunit(rbc L),small subunit gene of the ribosomal cistron(SSU)and barcode region near the 5′end of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I(COI-5P)indicated that:the new taxon,P.yunnanensis,was in a well-supported clade with Ottia meiospora,and this clade was sister to order Palmariales and Acrochaetiales.To adhere to the principle of monophyly,a new freshwater order Ottiales including Ottia and Pauciramus is proposed.Despite the high sequence interspecific divergences and obvious morphological differences between genera Ottia and Pauciramus,seems impractical to establish a new family for a monospecific genus.Therefore,we temporarily classified Pauciramus into the family Ottiaceae,and made necessary revisions to the description to accommodate this genus.

关键词： China 5′end of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I(COI-5P) Ottiales Pauciramus ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase large-subunit(rbc L) small subunit gene of the ribosomal cistron(SSU)

Phylogenetic, evolutionary, and biogeographic origin of the genus Sheathia (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第2期40卷 729-744页

作者： Jinfen HAN Fangru NAN Jia FENG Junping LÜ Qi LIU Xudong LIU shulian xie School of Life Science Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional PlantsShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

The genus Sheathia consists of over 20 species primarily distributed in Asia,Europe,Oceania,North America,and Africa.However,the origin and evolution of this genus remain unclear.Two gametophyte stage specimens(SAS18052 and SAS18523)and two“Chantransia”stage specimens(YTS19161 and YTS19017)were collected from Shanxi and Henan Provinces in China,respectively.Based on morphological data,isolates YTS19161 and YTS19017 were similar to Audouinella pygmaea,whereas the morphological characteristics of SAS18052 and SAS18523 were in good agreement with the circumscription description of S.longipedicellata.Molecular sequences of rbc L,COI-5P,and psb A were used to investigate the phylogenetic,evolutionary,and biogeographic origin of the genus Sheathia.The three molecular markers supported that the two gametophyte stage specimens belong to S.longipedicellata,while the isolates YTS19161 and YTS19017 were the“Chantransia”of S.longipedicellata.Ancestral area reconstruction and divergence time estimation speculated that Sheathia originated in North America,a portion of the Pangaea at approximately 328.07-184.73 million years ago(Ma).Our relaxed molecular clock analysis suggests that the Florideophyceae diverged approximately 741.04(894.36-631.70)Ma.The major divergences in this class involved the emergence of Nemaliophycidae[ca.662.01(779.83-580.51)Ma],and the split of orders Batrachospermales and Thoreales[ca.456.10(552.80-367.88)Ma].

关键词： divergence time geographic origin molecular analysis morphology phylogenetic relationship

Transcriptome analysis of Porphyridium purpureum under salinities of 0 and 68

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第4期40卷 1600-1614页

作者： Xudan LU Fangru NAN Jia FENG Junping LÜ Qi LIU Xudong LIU shulian xie School of Life Science Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional PlantsShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

The most prominent biological characteristic of Porphyridium purpureum is their unique extracellular sulfated polysaccharides that plays an important protective role against salt stress.Adaptation to stress is associated with metabolic adjustments.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying such metabolic changes remain elusive.This study presents the fi rst transcriptome profi ling of P.purpureum.A total of 8019 assembled transcripts were identifi ed,annotated,and classifi ed into diff erent biological categories and pathways based on a BLAST analysis against various databases.The in-depth analysis revealed that many of the diff erentially expressed genes in P.purpureum under salinities of 68 and 0 involved polysaccharide metabolism.A comparison of the gene expression levels under diff erent salinities revealed that the polysaccharide synthetic pathway was signifi cantly upregulated under the 68 salinity condition.The increased expression of the FBP,pfkA,CS,pgm,USP,UGP2,galE,and MPI transcripts in the polysaccharide synthetic pathway and the increase in ATP2 and ATP6 transcripts in the energy metabolic pathway revealed the molecular mechanism of high-salt adaptation.This sequencing dataset and analysis could serve as a valuable resource to study the mechanisms involved in abiotic stress tolerance in Rhodophyta.

关键词： transcriptome salinity polysaccharides osmotic adjustment enzyme activity

Geographical distribution of Batrachospermaceae genera in Asia and its environmental factors

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第3期41卷 972-990页

作者： Mingyu QIU Fei WANG Fangru NAN Jia FENG Junping LÜ Qi LIU Xudong LIU shulian xie School of Life Science Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional PlantsShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Batrachospermaceae is an important group of freshwater red algae.Available data of the latitude,longitude,and environmental factors on Batrachospermaceae distribution in Asia were analyzed to understand the geographical distribution of Batrachospermaceae genera in Asia.Statistical analyses,including one-way ANOVA,correlation analysis,stepwise regression analysis,principal component analysis,and linear discriminant analysis were conducted to characterize variation in geographical distribution and growth environment.Results reveal high variation in geographical distribution and growth environment among different Batrachospermaceae genera in Asia.Specifically,correlations between latitude and all environmental factors exclusive of altitude are significant,and longitude is significantly correlated with all environmental factors except for average relative humidity.The geographical distribution and growth environment of different Batrachospermaceae genera significantly differed.Altitude,maximum temperature,average temperature,minimum temperature,average relative humidity,average wind speed,maximum wind speed,and atmospheric pressure all contributed to explaining differences in the geographical distribution of Batrachospermaceae genera.Combining the results of correlation analysis,stepwise regression analysis,and principal component analysis,all environmental factors contributed to the different geographical distribution of Batrachospermum,Paludicola,Sheathia,Sirodotia,and Remainder(the rest),all environmental factors but atmospheric pressure contributed to the different geographical distribution of Kumanoa,and all environmental factors but average wind speed and maximum wind speed contributed to the different geographical distribution of Virescentia.However,the correlation between these significantly related environmental factors and taxa is not necessarily causative,and many other environmental factors,such as temperature,pH,conductivity,shading,current velocity,dissolved oxygen,hardness,substrata types,and nutrients

关键词： Batrachospermaceae biostatistics environmental factor geographical distribution metrology

Effects of phytoplankton community and interaction between environmental variables on nitrogen uptake and transformations in an urban river

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第3期40卷 1012-1026页

作者： Jing YANG Haiguang PEI Junping LÜ Qi LIU Fangru NAN Xudong LIU shulian xie Jia FENG School of Life Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Phytoplankton are not only the main bearer of the nitrogen cycle,but also a key link driving nitrogen cycle.However,most phytoplankton cannot directly use N_(2),and they must uptake nitrogenous nutrients(ammonium,nitrate,and urea)to meet their photosynthesis needs.We examined the uptake characteristics of several nitrogenous substrates using stable isotope technique and identifi ed the potential nitrogen transformations in the Fenhe River.Results revealed that spring phytoplankton community composed of mainly Fragilaria,Ulothrix,Microcystis,and Synedra.Urea can meet the spring partial nitrogen requirement of phytoplankton.The large uptake rate of urea depended on urease,chlorophyll a,and nitrate concentrations as shown in random forest models.Cyanobacteria explained more than 42.8%of the total abundance at all sites in summer.Upstream was dominated by Actinastrum,and Chlorella was relevant in the downstream section.The uptake rates of ammonium were higher than those of nitrate and urea.In addition,the random forest model demonstrated that ammonium,urease,and dissolved oxygen(DO)were the major contributors to the ammonium uptake rates.Ammonium was taken up preferentially in autumn and phytoplankton(Cyclotella,Chlorella,and Pseudanabaena)appeared to be able to respond to changes in nitrogen forms by adjusting their community composition.Structural equation models demonstrated that temperature-induced changes in DO directly affected the transformations of different forms of nitrogen.At the same time,dissolved organic carbon can directly act on nutrients and then indirectly affect enzyme activity.There were great diff erences in the positive and negative effects of different paths in the process of nitrate reduction to nitrite and then reduction to ammonium in time and space.These findings provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of nitrogen uptake and the influences of interaction between environmental variables on nitrogen transformations in urban river ecosystems.

关键词： phytoplankton environmental variables nitrogen uptake transformation urban river

Seasonal co-occurrence patterns of bacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton and the ecological response in urban aquatic ecosystem

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第4期40卷 1508-1529页

作者： Jing YANG Xiongjie ZHANG Junping LÜ Qi LIU Fangru NAN Xudong LIU shulian xie Jia FENG School of Life Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Microorganisms play a key role in aquatic ecosystems.Recent studies show that keystone taxa in microbial community could change the community structure and function.However,most previous studies focus on abundant taxa but neglected low abundant ones.To clarify the seasonal variation of bacterial and microalgal communities and understand their synergistic adaptation to diff erent environmental factors,we studied the bacterial and eukaryotic phytoplankton communities in Fenhe River that runs through Taiyuan City,central China,and their seasonal co-occurrence patterns using 16S and 18S rDNA sequencing.Results indicate that positive interaction of eukaryotic phytoplankton network was more active than negative one except winter,indicating that the cooperation(symbiotic phenomenon in which phytoplankton are interdependent and mutually benefi cial)among them could improve the adaption of microbial community to the local environmental changes and maintain the stability of microbial network.The main genera that identifi ed as keystone taxa in bacterial network were Salinivibrio and Sphingopyxis of Proteobacteria and they could respond to the variation of nitrite and make use of it,while those that identifi ed as keystone taxa in eukaryotic phytoplankton network were Pseudoschroederia and Nannochloris,and they were more susceptible to nitrate and phosphate.Mychonastes and Cryptomonas were closely related to water temperature.However,the loss of the co-occurrence by environmental factor changes aff ected the stability of network structure.This study provided a reference for analyzing relationship between bacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton and revealing potential importance of keystone taxa in similar ecological domains in carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus dynamics.

关键词： seasonal co-occurrence bacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton communities keystone taxa ecological effect urban aquatic ecosystem

Makinoella parva,a new species of the genus Makinoella(Oocystaceae,Trebouxiophyceae,Chlorophyta)

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第6期41卷 2391-2402页

作者： Xudong LIU Chen SU Jia FENG Junping Lü Qi LIU Fangru NAN Guoxiang LIU shulian xie School of Life Science Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional PlantsShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China Key Laboratory of Algal Biology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China

Makinoella Okada is a genus of coccoid green algae belonging to the family Oocystaceae with typical morphological characteristics.Reports to date included only one type species.Since the genus is rarely reported,there is a lack of taxonomic research.In this study,17 strains of this genus were collected from several different places in China,and their taxonomic studies were conducted based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis.The phylogenetic results based on the analysis of ITS,chloroplast genes rbc L and tuf A showed that the genus was divided into two branches.One of the branches comprised newly collected algae.Compensatory base changes(CBCs)and hemi-compensatory base changes(hemi-CBCs)within the secondary structure of the ITS-2 confirmed the branches as two species.Compared with the type species of Makinoella tosaensis,the cell size of this new branch was only about 50%,and included 2-4 colonial cells.Therefore,based on the smaller cell size,simpler colony composition,independent phylogenetic position and CBCs and hemi-CBCs,we suggest that the new clade should be designated as a new taxon of Makinoella,namely Makinoella parva.Among the four molecular markers using in this study,the rbc L and newly introduced ITS are recommended for species separation,which can help further studies to revise the species and generic concepts of the family.

关键词： coccoid green algae Makinoella morphology observation Oocystaceae phylogenetic analysis