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High-throughput sequencing reveals dietary segregation in Malaysian babblers

Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 381-389页

作者： Mohammad Saiful Mansor Fasihah Zarifah Rozali Sian Davies shukor md nor Rosli Ramli Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USM PenangMalaysia Micropathology Ltd University of Warwick Science ParkCoventryCV47EZUK Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

The coexistence of numerous species within a community results from how those species use available *** are one of the major groups of Malaysian insectivorous birds,which frequently forage in dense vegetation cover and have a high level of ***,examining the diet,prey selection,and niche segregation of babblers can be *** this study,we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate potential dietary overlap or segregation among 10 babbler species of the 4 genera of the family Pellorneidae and Timaliidae:Pellorneum,Malacopteron,Stachyris,and Cyanoderma in central peninsular *** tested the hypothesis that trophically similar species may differ in resource use to avoid competitive *** identified 81 distinct arthropod taxa from fecal samples,belonging to 71 families representing 13 orders,which were predominantly from 16 dipteran,13 lepidopteran,and 10 coleopteran *** all the prey taxa consumed,45%were found to be distinct across the 10 babbler species,and<35%were shared simultaneously by≥3 babbler species,indicating minimal dietary *** black-throated babbler Stachyris nigricollis and moustached babbler Malacopteron magnirostre had the most generalist tendencies because they consumed a greater variety of prey *** dietary overlap values(Ojk)and a relatively wide range of food resources suggest that dietary segregation occurred among the studied *** great diversity of prey consumed revealed the presence of dietary flexibility among the sympatric insectivorous birds,thus reducing any active dietary competition and facilitating the coexistence through niche partitioning.

关键词： coexistence dietary partitioning metabarcoding next-generation sequencing tropical insectivorous birds

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Precise identification of different stages of a tick,Ixodes granulatus Supino,1897(Acari:Ixodidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第7期6卷 597-604页

作者： Ernieenor Faraliana Che Lah Salmah Yaakop Mariana Ahamad Ernna George shukor md nor Acarology Unit Infectious Diseases Research CentreInstitute for Medical Research Centre for Insect Systematic School of Environmental and Natural Resource SciencesFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Objective: To identify different stages of Ixodes granulatus(I. granulatus) based on morphological characters prior to molecular identification which is significant for confirming and identifying the nymphal stages of I. ***: A total of 14 individuals of adult, engorged and nymphal ticks collected from three different localities were examined morphologically using taxonomic keys, followed by PCR using cytochrome oxidase subunit I(COI). Clustering analysis based on COI sequences was carried out by constructing neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony tree to clarify the genetic variation and diversity of local I. ***: Based on external morphological characterizations, nine individuals(64.3%)were successfully identified as I. granulatus, while five individuals were recognized only as Ixodes sp. due to lack of morphological characters visible and development during that stage. Molecular analysis of local I. granulatus using COI gene revealed 93%–94% sequence homology from available sequence in Gen Bank and was in concordance with the morphological identification. Furthermore, a low intraspecific variation was observed among the species of I. granulatus collected from different localities(0%–3.7%).Conclusions: These findings demonstrated for the first time the establishment of COI gene for identifying I. granulatus nymphal tick which is of paramount importance to the control of potential tick-borne infections in Malaysia. Moreover, this study provides evidence that a combination of morphology and molecular data was corroborated as an accurate tool for tick identification.

关键词： Ticks Ixodes granulatus Cytochrome oxidase subunit I Morphology

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Recovery of bird communities following the construction of a large-scale hydroelectric dam

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 408-417页

作者： Affan Nasruddin-Roshidi Mohammad Saiful Mansor nor Adibah Ismail Ehwan Ngadi Mohd Izzat-Husna Shahril Mod Husin Farah Shafawati Mohd-Taib Rahmah Illias shukor md nor Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Kolej GENIUS Insan Universiti Sains Islam MalaysiaBandar Baru Nilai71800 NilaiNegeri SembilanMalaysia TNB Research Sdn Bhd No.1Kawasan Institusi PenyelidikanJalan Ayer Itam43000 KajangSelangorMalaysia Department of Wildlife and National Parks(PERHILITAN) Km.10Jln Cheras56100 Kuala LumpurWilayah PersekutuanMalaysia.

Background:Habitat degradation is known to have a major impact on the composition of bird communities,yet how these communities recover following such disturbance is less *** study examined bird community changes from pre-logging to recovery over the course of habitat disturbance caused by the development of the Hulu Terengganu Hydroelectric Dam Project in Peninsular Malaysia,between 2007 and *** surveys were conducted using point count observations and mist netting in the dam area from the prelogging phase until the operation ***:It was observed that while bird species significantly declined after large-scale habitat clearance between the pre-logging and construction phases,they showed positive signs of recovery from the inundation to operation *** findings indicate that the bird community is still recovering,and the permanent loss of habitat required by most of the original species has not occurred,as evidenced by *** species composition differed across phases due to varying habitat *** turnover rate and immigration rate(recolonisation and newly recorded species)were higher between the construction and operation *** was also observed that insectivorous birds were more heavily affected than others by changes to the landscape,which highlights the versatility,survivability and tolerance of certain species to extreme disturbance and habitat ***:Although the operation phase showed an incremental change in bird species richness due to recolonisation and newly recorded species,this value remains far from that of the pre-logging *** predict that bird species recovery will continue to increase for some time before reaching a plateau among the newly created islands,reservoir and catchment area of the dam.

关键词： Dam construction Extinction Habitat recovery Recolonisation Turnover

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Peat properties of a tropical forest reserve adjacent to a fire-break canal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 155-167页

作者： Dayang Nur Sakinah Musa Mohd Zahirasri Mohd Tohir Xinyan Huang Luqman Chuah Abdullah Mohamad Syazaruddin md Said Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman Safety Engineering Interest Group(SEIG) Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia International Tropical Forestry Programme Faculty of Tropical ForestryUniversiti Malaysia SabahSabahMalaysia Department of Land Management Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia Research Centre for Fire Safety Engineering Department of Building Environment and Energy EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongPeople’s Republic of China

Tropical peat comprises decomposed dead plant material and acts like a sponge to absorb water,making it fully ***,drought periods dry it readily and increases its vulnerability to *** fires emit greenhouse gases and particles contributing to haze,and prevention by constructing fire-break canals to reduce fire spread into forest reserves is *** paper aims to determine peat physical and chemical properties near a fire-break canal at different fire frequency *** sampling was conducted at two forest reserves in Malaysia which represent low fire frequency and high fire frequency *** results show that peat properties were not affected by the construction of a fire-break canal,however lignin and cellulose content increased significantly from the distance of the canal in both *** study concluded that fire frequency did not significantly influence peat properties except for *** higher fibre content in the high frequency area did not influence moisture content nor the ability to regain ***,fire frequency might contribute differently to changes in physical and chemical properties,hence management efforts to construct fire-break canals and restoration efforts should protect peatlands from further *** findings will benefit future management and planning for forest reserves.

关键词： Peat fire Peat properties Fire-break canals Forest reserves

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Plasmodium cynomolgi: An emerging threat of zoonotic malaria species in Malaysia?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第1期15卷 4-6页

作者： nor Diyana Dian Mohd Amirul Fitri A Rahim Zulkarnain md Idris Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Infectious Disease Group Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia

Malaria remains a public health problem in many parts of the *** is a disease that can endanger human life if left untreated,especially among young children and pregnant *** Malaysia,the number of malaria cases has decreased significantly since the introduction of the Malaria Elimination Program in 1961 in Malaysia Borneo,and in 1967 in Peninsular *** 1988,malaria has been on the notifiable disease list under the Communicable Diseases Act of Malaysia that mandates notification within 7 *** significant progress towards the national elimination programme and effective disease notification on malaria has resulted in zero indigenous human malaria cases in 2018[1].

关键词： malaria Malaria Plasmodium

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Calf Posture Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1493-1508页

作者： Tan Chen Tung Uswah Khairuddin Mohd Ibrahim Shapiai norhariani md nor Mark Wen Han Hiew Nurul Aisyah Mohd Suhaimie Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaKuala Lumpur54100Malaysia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor43400Malaysia Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry Besut22200Malaysia

Dairy farm management is crucial to maintain the longevity of the farm,and poor dairy youngstock or calf management could lead to gradually deteriorating calf health,which often causes premature *** was found to be the most neglected part among the management workflows in Malaysia and has caused continuous loss over the recent *** posture recognition is one of the effective methods to monitor calf behaviour and health state,which can be achieved by monitoring the calf behaviours of standing and lying where the former depicts active calf,and the latter,passive *** posture recognition module is an important component of some automated calf monitoring systems,as the system requires the calf to be in a standing posture before proceeding to the next stage of monitoring,or at the very least,to monitor the activeness of the *** posture such as standing or resting can easily be distinguished by human eye,however,to be recognized by a machine,it will require more complicated frameworks,particularly one that involves a deep learning neural networks *** number of highquality images are required to train a deep learning model for such *** this paper,multiple ConvolutionalNeuralNetwork(CNN)architectures were compared,and the residual network(ResNet)model(specifically,ResNet-50)was ultimately chosen due to its simplicity,great performance,and decent inference *** ResNet-50 models having the exact same architecture and configuration have been trained on two different image datasets respectively sourced by separate cameras placed at different *** were two camera placements to use for comparison because camera placements can significantly impact the quality of the images,which is highly correlated to the deep learning model *** model training,the performance for both CNN models were 99.7%and 99.99%accuracies,respectively,and is adequate for a real-time calf monitoring system.

关键词： Calf posture machine vision deep learning transfer learning

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The rise of Plasmodium knowlesi cases:Implication to Malaysia’s malaria-free status

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第8期15卷 337-338页

作者： Ahmad Basyir Muhammad Elora nor Azman Nur Ashrina Eddie Nur Iman Azmi Valerie Chong Tze Yee Zulkarnain md Idris Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Infectious Disease Group Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia

Malaria remains a major public health challenge *** is one of the world’s deadliest diseases,responsible for 627000 deaths worldwide in 2020 alone[1].In Malaysia,the Malaria Eradication Programme in Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysia Borneo in 1969 and 1967,respectively,drastically reduced the number of malaria cases in the country[2].Subsequently,the programme was further reinforced and improved,resulting in zero indigenous human malaria species in 2018[1].Currently,Malaysia has been identified as one of the World Health Organization(WHO)Western Pacific Region countries with zero indigenous cases for three consecutive years[1],thus eligible for the WHO certification of a malaria-free status country.

关键词： malaria cases Malaria

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Guidelines from an expert panel for the management of diabetic macular edema in the Malaysian population

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第5期16卷 712-720页

作者： nor Fariza Ngah nor Asiah Muhamad Shelina Oli Mohamed Roslin Azni Abdul Aziz Nur Hasnah Ma’amor nor Azita Ahmad Tarmidzi Hanizasurana Hashim Hamisah Ishak Wan norliza Wan Muda Rosiah Muda Azian Adnan Rafidah md Saleh Wong Hon Seng Nurfahzura Mohd Jamil Tara Mary George Adrian Koh Institute for Clinical Research National Institutes of HealthMinistry of HealthSelangor 40170Malaysia Department of Ophthalmology Shah Alam HospitalMinistry of HealthSelangor 40000Malaysia Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare National Institutes of HealthMinistry of HealthSelangor 40170Malaysia Department of Ophthalmology Kuala Lumpur HospitalMinistry of HealthFederal Territory 50586Malaysia Department of Ophthalmology Selayang HospitalMinistry of HealthSelangor 61800Malaysia Department of Ophthalmology Tengku Ampuan Afzan HospitalMinistry of HealthPahang 25100Malaysia Department of Ophthalmology Sultanah Nur Zahirah HospitalMinistry of HealthKuala Terengganu 20400Malaysia KPJ Selangor Specialist Hospital Selangor 40300Malaysia Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Hospital Selangor 43400Malaysia Gleneagles Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory 50450Malaysia Department of Ophthalmology Sungai Buloh HospitalMinistry of HealthSelangor 47000Malaysia Sunway Medical Centre Selangor 47500Malaysia Camden Medical Centre Singapore 248649Singapore

AIM:To derive a Malaysia guideline and consensus as part of the Malaysia Retina Group's efforts for diagnosis,treatment,and best practices of diabetic macular edema(DME).The experts'panel suggests that the treatment algorithm to be divided into groups according to involvement the central *** purpose of DME therapy is to improve edema and achieve the best visual results with the least amount of treatment ***:On two different occasions,a panel of 14 retinal specialists from Malaysia,together with an external expert,responded to a questionnaire on management of DME.A consensus was sought by voting after compiling,analyzing and discussion on first-phase replies on the round table discussion.A recommendation was deemed to have attained consensus when 12 out of the 14 panellists(85%)agreed with ***:The terms target response,adequate response,nonresponse,and inadequate response were developed when the DME patients'treatment responses were first *** panelists reached agreement on a number of DME treatment-related issues,including the need to classify patients prior to treatment,firstline treatment options,the right time to switch between treatment modalities,and side effects associated with *** this agreement,recommendations were derived and a treatment algorithm was ***:A detail and comprehensive treatment algorithm by Malaysia Retina Group for the Malaysian population provides guidance for treatment allocation of patients with DME.

关键词： diabetic macular edema guidelines consensus diabetic retinopathy Malaysia

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Effects of Planting Density of Rubber Tree Clone(RRIM 2020 Clone and RRIM 2025 Clone)Wood to Particleboard Properties

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第7期10卷 1951-1960页

作者： Juliana Abdul Halip Syeed SaifulAzry Osman Al-Edrus Seng Hua Lee Paridah md Tahir nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus Mohd Sapuan Salit Ahmad Ilyas Rushdan Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products(INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia(UPM)Serdang43400Malaysia Faculty of Technology Management and Business Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHM)Parit Raja86400Malaysia Department of Wood Industry Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Bandar Tun Abdul RazakJengkaPahang26400Malaysia School of Chemical and Energy Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor Bahru81310Malaysia Centre for Advanced Composite Materials Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor Bahru81310Malaysia

The depletion of log resources encourages research into alternative ways to sustain the wood ***,the 4-year-old Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia(RRIM)clones series,RRIM 2020 and RRIM 2025,were chosen as potential raw materials for particleboard in this *** purpose of this study was to assess the effects of planting density and rubber tree clones on the mechanical and physical properties of single-layer *** planting densities used were low,moderate-low,moderate-high,and high,representing 500,1000,1500,and 2000 trees/ha,*** to manufacturing,the RRIM 2000 series clone trees were harvested,cut,chipped,flaked,and *** mechanical and physical properties were evaluated in accordance with the Japanese Industrial Standard(JIS A 5908-2003).The findings revealed that both planting density and clone had a significant impact on the mechanical and physical properties of particleboard with a thickness of 10 mm and a density of 700 kg/*** 2020 specimens with low planting density had superior modulus of elasticity(MOE),modulus of rupture(MOR),and internal bonding(IB)values of 2415,19,and 1.7 MPa,***,moderate-low planting density demonstrated the lowest thickness swelling(TS)and water absorption(WA)values and was comparable to control particleboard from commercial clone Prang Besar(PB),*** terms of rubber clones,RRIM 2020 particleboard met the minimum requirements of the JIS standard for mechanical properties and outperformed RRIM *** study recommended a low planting density of 500 trees/ha and the RRIM 2020 clone as a suitable raw material for particleboard manufacturing with a ten percent urea formaldehyde resin content.

关键词： Rubberwood RRIM 2020 RRIM 2025 mechanical physical urea formaldehyde

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Effects of Tinospora tuberculata leaf methanol extract on seedling growth of rice and associated weed species in hydroponic culture

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第7期15卷 1521-1531页

作者： Farzad Aslani Abdul shukor Juraimi Muhammad Saiful Ahmad-Hamdani Farahnaz Sadat Golestan Hashemi md Amirul Alam md Abdul Hakim md Kamal Uddin Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Institute of Tropical Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Department of Land Management Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

The study was conducted to evaluate the responses of rice and rice weed seedlings （barnyardgrass and weedy rice） at the three-leaf stage toTinospora tuberculata leaf methanol extract （3.12, 6.25 and 12.5 g L–1） under hydroponic culture. It shows that the leaf methanol extract had various degrees effects depending on target plant species and each tested index （biomass, root length, shoot length, transpiration volume, chlorophyla, chlorophylb and carotenoid contents）. The effec-tive concentration of the leaf extract capable of reducing 50% of rice growth was higher than those of target weed species. Moreover, the root length was more tolerant to leaf methanol extract in comparison to the other plant parameters measured. A greater reduction was observed in chlorophyla content compared to chlorophylb and carotenoid. The results revealed that the reduction of transpiration volume closely coincided with the magnitude of growth inhibition of tested plants. Ultra-fast liquid chromatography analysis revealed 11 of 32 peaks in chemical proifle, including benzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, isoorientin, isovitexin, orientin,p-anisic acid, syringic acid,trans-cinnamic acid,trans-ferulic acid, and vitexin have the same retention time with those peaks of the extract. The amount of compounds was present in the range of between 4817 and 115.5 mg kg–1 dry weight （DW）. The concentration-response bioassay of al 11 individual compounds and their equimolar mixture against the seeds of barnyardgrass revealed their contribution in the alelopahic activity ofT. tuberculata leaf extract. The examined compounds and their combination exhibited various degrees of growth inhibitory effects on the early growth of barnyardgrass. Therefore, the speciifc number, concentration, combination and inhibitory activity of bioactive compounds leads to alelopathy activity ofT. tuberculata leaves which could be employable directly as a natural herbicide and its growth inhibitor compounds can be used

关键词： alelochemicals identiifcation and quantiifcation natural herbicide UFLC weed control

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