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Protective effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on chenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver injury in hamsters

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第37期13卷 5003-5008页

作者： Tomomichi Iwaki Kaoru Ishizaki shuji kinoshita Hideki Tanaka Atsushi Fukunari Makoto Tsurufuji Teruaki Imada Research Laboratory Ⅲ (Immunology) Pharmaceuticals Research Division Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation Yokohama Japan Pharmacokinetics Laboratory Pharmaceuticals Research Division Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation Chiba Japan Discovery Technology Laboratory Pharmaceuticals Research Division Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation Yokohama Japan

AIM： TO investigate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid （UDCA） on chenodeoxycholic acid （CDCA）-induced liver injury in hamsters, and to elucidate a correlation between liver injury and bile acid profiles in the liver.METHODS： Liver injury was induced in hamsters by administration of 0.5% （w/w） CDCA in their feed for 7 d. UDCA （50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg） was administered for the last 3 d of the experiment.RESULTS： At the end of the experiment, serum alanine aminotransferase （ALl） increased more than 10 times and the presence of liver injury was confirmed histologically. Marked increase in bile acids was observed in the liver. The amount of total bile acids increased approximately three-fold and was accompanied by the increase in hydrophobic bile acids, CDCA and lithocholic acid （LCA）. UDCA （50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg） improved liver histology, with a significant decrease （679.3 ±77.5 U/L vs 333.6 ± 50.4 U/L and 254.3 ±35.5 U/ L, respectively, P 〈 0.01） in serum ALT level. UDCA decreased the concentrations of the hydrophobic bile acids, and as a result, a decrease in the total bile acid level in the liver was achieved.CONCLUSION： The results show that UDCA improves oral CDCA-induced liver damage in hamsters. The protective effects of UDCA appear to result from a decrease in the concentration of hydrophobic bile acids, CDCA and LCA, which accumulate and show the cytotoxicity in the liver.

关键词： Chenodeoxycholic acid Hamster Liver bileacids Ursodeoxycholic acid

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Preoperative assessment of liver function and perioperative management of posthepatectomy liver failure

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 527-529页

作者： Masahiro Shiihara Mitsugi Shimoda shuji Suzuki Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Ibaraki Medical CenterTokyo Medical UniversityIbarakiJapan

PHLF is the status of disfunction in synthesis,excretion and *** to International Study Group of Liver Surgery(ISGLS),PHLF is defined by an increased bilirubin level and international normalized ratio(INR)on or after postoperative 5 days,and is graded by clinical severity from grades A to C(1,2).Grade A is the condition without any *** B deviates from normal postoperative management and requires blood products,diuretics,oxygen administration,and so *** C is the status with multiple organ failure which requires intensive management including respirator,dialysis,and liver transplantation,*** mortality rates in A,B and C were estimated 0%,12%,and 54%,respectively(1).Although PHLF has decreased due to extensive studies of risk factors for PHLF and improvements in surgical techniques,it remains high for several types of *** to a nationwide survey of board-certified training institutions by the Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery,90-day mortality rates is 10.3%and 6.7%after left trisectionectomy and hepatopancreatectomy,respectively(3).Further,the mortality rates after associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)was reported over 5%(4).

关键词： Hepatectomy posthepatectomy liver failure posthepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)

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The nature of electron density enhancement over a wide altitude range during ionosphere heating experiments at EISCAT

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 408-414页

作者： Jun Wu Jian Wu Jie Feng QingLiang Li shuji Hao ZhengWen Xu HaiSheng Zhao YaBin Zhang National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radio Wave PropagationBeijing 102206China School of Physics Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

During the course of ionospheric heating experiments, researchers at the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) observed an apparent electron density enhancement. The enhancement extended over a wide range of altitudes, above the reflection altitude of the high-frequency pump wave. However, whether this enhancement actually corresponds to a true enhancement in electron density remains an open question. When the dispersion relation of ion acoustic waves is followed, the frequency ratio of the enhanced ion line to the background ion line suggests that the profile of the effective ion mass may have remained unchanged. Furthermore, the solar radio flux and ion drift velocity indicate no significant changes in the ion species and their densities. In conclusion, the electron density enhancement observed at EISCAT should not, in fact, be considered a true enhancement.

关键词： incoherent scatter radar(ISR) ionospheric heating electron density ion acoustic wave

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近代四川的税收结构及其转型:以江津为中心

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江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2024年第2期57卷 121-135页

作者：曹树基香港大学人文与社会科学研究中心中国香港999077

从清代至民国,江津县的国税主要由丁粮与丁粮附加、津贴与捐输、盐税、部分契税、部分肉税、其他杂税等诸项组成;江津县的地方税则主要由部分契税、部分肉税,以及随粮附加的团练税组成。清末开始的随粮附加的铁路租股,本意是集资修建铁... 详细信息

从清代至民国,江津县的国税主要由丁粮与丁粮附加、津贴与捐输、盐税、部分契税、部分肉税、其他杂税等诸项组成;江津县的地方税则主要由部分契税、部分肉税,以及随粮附加的团练税组成。清末开始的随粮附加的铁路租股,本意是集资修建铁路,进入民国转为完全的地方税,成为以乡镇政府建设、警察与司法建设和学校教育为主要内容的地方现代化的主要支撑。在这个意义上,江津乃至四川的现代化确实是历史的偶然。1920年代,商税成为江津以及四川税收的增长点。与此同时,军队对于商税的无序征收却在摧毁四川现代财政的基础。

关键词：江津地方税转型税收结构

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工作面液压系统流量补偿技术研究

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工矿自动化 2024年第2期50卷 42-48页

作者：赵叔吉中煤科工开采研究院有限公司北京100013 煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院北京100013

目前工作面液压系统的优化研究对连续推进过程中液压系统压力流量特性的分析较少,对液压系统压力流量波动问题缺乏简单有效的解决方案。针对工作面快速移架需求,以张家峁煤矿2-2煤层新建大采高工作面为工程背景,采用AMEsim软件建立了单... 详细信息

目前工作面液压系统的优化研究对连续推进过程中液压系统压力流量特性的分析较少,对液压系统压力流量波动问题缺乏简单有效的解决方案。针对工作面快速移架需求,以张家峁煤矿2-2煤层新建大采高工作面为工程背景,采用AMEsim软件建立了单台液压支架和成组液压支架仿真模型,基于自动跟机移架中千斤顶的动作时序,对煤炭开采过程中液压支架移架推溜过程进行仿真,分析了不同数量液压支架同时动作时工作面液压系统的压力流量变化情况,指出移架过慢的原因是液压支架瞬时需液量超过泵站最大流量,同时在液压支架成组运动过程中存在瞬时需液量不足和部分时刻泵站供液能力过剩的矛盾。针对液压系统间歇性大流量需求,提出了基于蓄能器的流量补偿技术,通过仿真验证了安装蓄能器后液压系统的压力波动被明显抑制,各千斤顶运动速度明显提升。在张家峁煤矿新建工作面对基于蓄能器的流量补偿技术进行现场试验,结果表明接入蓄能器后,液压系统平均压降降幅达74.1%,压力波动受到明显抑制,验证了流量补偿技术可满足液压系统间歇性大流量需求,为快速移架提供保障。

关键词：工作面液压支架自动跟机移架快速移架液压系统流量补偿蓄能器

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Performance in the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery: Does it reflect global rating scales in the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills in porcine laparoscopic surgery?

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 443-449页

作者： Ho Yee Tiong Wei Zheng So Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh shuji Isotani Gang Zhu Teng Aik Ong Eddie Shu-Yin Chan Peggy Sau-Kwan Chu Kittinut Kijvikai Ming Liu Bannakji Lojanapiwat Michael Wong Anthony Chi-Fai Ng Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Department of SurgeryNational University of SingaporeSingapore S.H.Ho Urology Centre Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Urology Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan Department of Urology National University HospitalSingapore Department of Urology Beijing United Family HospitalBeijingChina Department of Surgery University of Malaya Specialist CentreKuala LumpurMalaysia Division of Urology Department of SurgeryTuen Mun HospitalHong Kong Department of Urology Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversitySalayaThailand Department of Urology Beijing HospitalBeijingChina Department of Urology Chiangmai Ram HospitalChiang MaiThailand International Urology Fertility&Gynaecology CentreSingapore

Objective:To correlate the utility of the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery(FLS)manual skills program with the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills(OSATS)global rating scale in evaluating operative ***:The Asian Urological Surgery Training and Educational Group(AUSTEG)Laparoscopic Upper Tract Surgery Course implemented and validated the FLS program for its usage in laparoscopic surgical ***’basic laparoscopic skills were assessed using three different training models(peg transfer,precision cutting,and intra-corporeal suturing).They also performed live porcine laparoscopic surgery at the same *** surgery skills were assessed by blinded faculty using the OSATS rating ***:From March 2016 to March 2019,a total of 81 certified urologists participated in the course,with a median of 5 years of post-residency *** differences in task time did not reach statistical significance,those with more surgical experience were visibly faster at completing the peg transfer and intra-corporeal suturing FLS ***,they took longer to complete the precision cutting task than participants with less *** OSATS scores correlated weakly with all three FLS tasks(peg transfer time:r=0.331,r^(2)=0.110;precision cutting time:r=0.240,r^(2)=0.058;suturing with intracorporeal knot time:r=0.451,r^(2)=0.203).Conclusion:FLS task parameters did not correlate strongly with OSATS globing rating scale *** FLS task models demonstrated strong validity,it is important to assimilate the inconsistencies when benchmarking technical proficiency against real-life operative competence,as evaluated by FLS and OSATS,respectively.

关键词： TheFundamentalsof Laparoscopic Surgery The Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills Laparoscopic training Surgical education Surgical training Urological laparoscopic surgery

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生于华中五味子上的5种拟盘多毛孢属真菌

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菌物学报 2024年第5期43卷 24-40页

作者：袁榕彭骋李曙吉田呈明北京林业大学林学院省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室北京100083

华中五味子Schisandraphenanthera是一种重要的药用植物资源。拟盘多毛孢属Pestalotiopsis真菌种类丰富,分布广泛,是重要的病原菌、内生真菌及腐生菌。本研究采用组织分离法从采集自陕西省安康市宁陕县的华中五味子上分离获得10株拟盘... 详细信息

华中五味子Schisandraphenanthera是一种重要的药用植物资源。拟盘多毛孢属Pestalotiopsis真菌种类丰富,分布广泛,是重要的病原菌、内生真菌及腐生菌。本研究采用组织分离法从采集自陕西省安康市宁陕县的华中五味子上分离获得10株拟盘多毛孢属真菌,结合形态学观察与基于ITS、tef1及tub23个位点的多基因序列的分子系统学分析,将这些菌株鉴定为冷杉拟盘多毛孢***、江西拟盘多毛孢***、庐山拟盘多毛孢***、稻拟盘多毛孢***以及新种五味子拟盘多毛孢***,上述拟盘多毛孢属真菌为华中五味子上首次报道。

关键词：形态学分子系统学新种分类

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地租与田价:明代徽州地区的土地金融

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中国经济史研究 2024年第4期 5-20页

作者：曹树基庞毅周星宇香港大学人文社会研究所中国上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院上海200240 上海交通大学人文学院历史系上海200240

本文将实物地租转化为可计量的货币收益,并视为田价的利息,通过建立米价、利率数据库,发现明代徽州存在一个以土地收益权为核心的金融市场。投资者、借贷者围绕土地收益权展开交易,地租与田价之比随之成为投资者(债权人)的投资回报率,... 详细信息

本文将实物地租转化为可计量的货币收益,并视为田价的利息,通过建立米价、利率数据库,发现明代徽州存在一个以土地收益权为核心的金融市场。投资者、借贷者围绕土地收益权展开交易,地租与田价之比随之成为投资者(债权人)的投资回报率,也是债务人的借贷利率。债务人平年享受低利率,灾年承担高利率;债权人平年只有低回报,灾年获得高回报,是为土地金融的基本特征。

关键词：地租田价土地收益权土地金融

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Injuries and illness of athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic summer games visiting outside facilities

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第1期6卷 48-53页

作者： shuji Sakanashi Hideharu Tanaka Hiroyuki Yokota Yasuhiro Otomo Tomohiko Masuno Kousuke Nakano Junichi Inoue Manabu Sugita Takahiko Tokunaga Nagisa Kato Tomoya Kinoshi Hironori Inoue Hiroto Numata Koshi Nakagawa Ryo Sagisaka Shota Tanaka Tetsuya Miyamoto Takao Akama The Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games TokyoJapan Department of Sports Medicine Kokushikan University TokyoJapan Graduate School of Emergency Medical System Kokushikan UniversityTokyoJapan Research Institute of Disaster Management and EMS Kokushikan University TokyoJapan Graduate School of Health and Medical Science Nippon Sports Science UniversityJapan Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital Trauma and Acute Critical Care CenterTokyoJapan Graduate School of Medicine Nippon Medical UniversityTokyoJapan Saitama City Hospital Emergency DepartmentSaitamaJapan Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo UniversityTokyoJapan Emergency Lifesaving Academy Tokyo TokyoJapan Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital Emergency and Critical Care CenterKnagawaJapan Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustaiable Society Chuo UniversityJapan Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda UniversitySaitamaJapan National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center TokyoJapan

This study aimed to identify the reasons for transferring athletes to local medical facilities during the Olympic and Paralympic *** on 567 injuries and other illnesses of athletes treated at the on-site clinics were collected from the Tokyo 2020 Organizing *** these,84 athletes who required outpatient care during the Games were registered for this *** the Olympic and Paralympic Games,66(8.3/1000)and 18(7.2/1000)athletes,respectively,consulted external medical *** the Olympic Games,the reasons for these visits included 48 cases(72.7%)of injuries,13(19.7%)cases of illnesses,and 5(7.6%)cases of heat stroke illness(HSI).Of these patients,56(84.9%)were treated as outpatients and 10(15.1%)were hospitalized,while three of these patients required hospitalization for>7 *** the other hand,in the Paralympics Games,there were 7(38.8%)cases of injuries,9(50.0%)other illnesses,1(5.6%)case of HSI,and 1(5.6%)other cases,of which 11(61.1%)were treated as outpatients and 7(38.9%)were hospitalized,but none was hospitalized for>7 *** accounted for 70%of the total cases at the 2021 Olympic Games,but only three(0.05%)were severe cases that required hospitalization for more than 1 *** contrast,in the Paralympic Games,other illnesses accounted for approximately half of the total *** study provides details on the extent of injuries and other illnesses that were transferred to outside facilities,which has not been documented in previous games.

关键词： Olympic games Paralympic games Sports injuries Illness Heat-related illness 2020 Tokyo

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“黄沙滩”与“黄沙队”新论——以17—19世纪的航线、船速、海难为中心

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清史研究 2024年第4期 1-27页

作者：曹树基顾跃挺许盘清香港大学人文与社会科学研究所中国香港自然资源部海洋发展战略研究所古地图研发中心

本文遵循“地貌—航线—港口—船速—海难—打捞”的论证逻辑,采用地图测距的方法,经计算认为与《纂集天南四至路图》有关的四幅地图皆有记实性质,所绘之“黄沙滩”皆为越南近岸的浅滩及礁石地带,亦即19世纪30年代以前西文地图标注的“P... 详细信息

本文遵循“地貌—航线—港口—船速—海难—打捞”的论证逻辑,采用地图测距的方法,经计算认为与《纂集天南四至路图》有关的四幅地图皆有记实性质,所绘之“黄沙滩”皆为越南近岸的浅滩及礁石地带,亦即19世纪30年代以前西文地图标注的“Pracel牛角”北部海域。通过对于船速的计算,本文确定17—19世纪航海史上的风阻与海难主要发生在这一区域。“Pracel牛角”之西为内行航线,其东为外行航线,包括占婆岛与李山岛在内的“Pracel牛角”北部既是海难事故的多发地带,也是18世纪“黄沙队”打捞沉船的主要场所。越南方面提出的证据,没有一条可以证明越南船只以及“黄沙队”到达过西沙群岛。

关键词：黄沙滩黄沙队 Pracel牛角航线船速海难

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