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Decreased eggshell strength caused by impairment of uterine calcium transport coincide with higher bone minerals and quality in aged laying hens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1258-1277页

作者： Yu Fu Jianmin Zhou Martine Schroyen Haijun Zhang shugeng wu Guanghai Qi Jing Wang Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory Gembloux Agro‑Bio TechTERRA Teaching and Research CentreUniversity of LiegeGembloux B‑5030Belgium

Background Deteriorations in eggshell and bone quality are major challenges in aged laying hens.This study compared the differences of eggshell quality,bone parameters and their correlations as well as uterine physiologi-cal characteristics and the bone remodeling processes of hens laying eggs of different eggshell breaking strength to explore the mechanism of eggshell and bone quality reduction and their interaction.A total of 24074-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were selected and allocated to a high(HBS,44.83±1.31 N)or low(LBS,24.43±0.57 N)eggshell breaking strength group.Results A decreased thickness,weight and weight ratio of eggshells were observed in the LBS,accompanied with ultrastructural deterioration and total Ca reduction.Bone quality was negatively correlated with eggshell quality,marked with enhanced structures and increased components in the LBS.In the LBS,the mammillary knobs and effective layer grew slowly.At the initiation stage of eggshell calcification,a total of 130 differentially expressed genes(DEGs,122 upregulated and 8 downregulated)were identified in the uterus of hens in the LBS relative to those in the HBS.These DEGs were relevant to apoptosis due to the cellular Ca overload.Higher values of p62 protein level,caspase-8 activity,Bax protein expression and lower values of Bcl protein expression and Bcl/Bax ratio were seen in the LBS.TUNEL assay and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a significant increase in TUNEL-positive cells and tissue damages in the uterus of the LBS.Although few DEGs were identified at the growth stage,similar uterine tissue damages were also observed in the LBS.The expressions of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocal-cin were upregulated in humeri of the LBS.Enlarged diameter and more structural damages of endocortical bones and decreased ash were observed in femurs of the HBS.Conclusion The lower eggshell breaking strength may be attributed to a declined Ca transport due to uterine tissue damages,which could affect eggshell calcification and lead to

关键词： Bone parameter Calcium transport Eggshell quality Laying hen Tissue damage

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Dietary organic acids ameliorate high stocking density stress-induced intestinal inflammation through the restoration of intestinal microbiota in broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 745-759页

作者： Dong Dai Guanghai Qi Jing Wang Haijun Zhang Kai Qiu Yanming Han Yuanyuan wu shugeng wu Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards(Beijing)of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesNo.12 Zhongguancun South St.Haidian districtBeijingChina Trouw Nutrition Research&Development Centers AmersfoortNetherlands.

Background:High stocking density(HSD)stress has detrimental effects on growth performance,intestinal barrier function,and intestinal microbiota in intensive animal production.Organic acids(OA)are widely used as feed addi-tives for their ability to improve growth performance and intestinal health in poultry.However,whether dietary OA can ameliorate HSD stress-induced impaired intestinal barrier in broilers remains elusive.In this study,a total of 528 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 12 replicates per treatment including 10 birds for normal stocking density and 17 birds for HSD.The dietary treatments were as follows:1)Normal stocking density+basal diet;2)HSD+basal diets;3)HSD+OA.Results:HSD stress can induce increased levels of serum corticosterone,lipopolysaccharides,interleukin-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α,and down-regulated mRNA expression of ZO-1,resulting in compromised growth performance of broilers(P<0.05).Dietary OA could significantly reduce levels of serum corticosterone,lipopolysaccharides,interleukin-1β,and tumor necrosis factor-α,which were accompanied by up-regulated interleukin-10,mRNA expres-sion of ZO-1,and growth performance(P<0.05).Moreover,OA could down-regulate the mRNA expression of TLR4 and MyD88 to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway(P<0.05).Additionally,HSD stress significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and disturbed the balance of microbial ecosystems,whereas OA significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and restored the disordered gut microbiota by reducing competitive and exploita-tive interactions in microbial communities(P<0.05).Meanwhile,OA significantly increased the content of acetic and butyric acids,which showed significant correlations with intestinal inflammation indicators(P<0.05).Conclusions:Dietary OA ameliorated intestinal inflammation and growth performance of broilers through restor-ing the disordered gut microbial compositions and interactions induced by HSD and elevating short-chain fatty acid p

关键词： Broiler High stocking density Intestinal inflammation Intestinal microbiota Organic acid Short-chain fatty acid

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Dietary oregano essential oil supplementation improves intestinal functions and alters gut microbiota in latephase laying hens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第1期13卷 265-279页

作者： Jia Feng Mingyuan Lu Jing Wang Haijun Zhang Kai Qiu Guanghai Qi shugeng wu Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards(Beijing)of the Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs Feed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesNo.12 Zhongguancun South St.Haidian DistrictBeijing 10081China

Background:Dietary essential oil(EO)supplementation can exert favorable effects on gut health in broilers.However,it is unknown whether EO could improve intestinal functions,consequently beneficial for egg performance and quality in late-phase laying hens.This study was aimed to investigate the potential effects of EO on production performance,egg quality,intestinal health and ileal microbiota of hens in the late phase of production.A total of 28860-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed a basal diet(control)or basal diets supplemented with oregano EO at 100,200 and 400 mg/kg(EO100,EO200 and EO400).Results:Dietary EO supplementation resulted in a quadratic decrease(P<0.05)in feed conversion ratio with lower(P<0.05)feed conversion ratio in EO200 group than the control during weeks 9–12 and 1–12 of the trial.Compared to the control,EO addition resulted in higher(P<0.05)eggshell thickness at the end of week.4,8 and 12 and higher(P<0.05)chymotrypsin activity.There was a quadratic elevation(P<0.05)in ileal chymotrypsin and lipase activity,along with a linear increase in villus height to crypt depth ratio.Quadratic declines(P<0.05)in mRNA expression of IL-1β,TNF-α,IFN-γ and TLR-4,concurrent with a linear and quadratic increase(P<0.05)in ZO-1 expression were identified in the ileum with EO addition.These favorable effects were maximized at medium dosage(200 mg/kg)of EO addition and intestinal microbial composition in the control and EO200 groups were assessed.Dietary EO addition increased(P<0.05)the abundances of Burkholderiales,Actinobacteria,Bifidobacteriales,Enterococcaceae and Bacillaceae,whereas decreased Shigella abundance in the ileum.Conclusions:Dietary EO addition could enhance digestive enzyme activity,improve gut morphology,epithelial barrier functions and modulate mucosal immune status by altering microbial composition,thus favoring feed efficiency and eggshell quality of late-phase laying hens.

关键词： Essential oil Feed efficiency Immune status Late-phase laying hen Microbiota

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Uterine inflammation status modulates eggshell mineralization via calcium transport and matrix protein synthesis in laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 411-425页

作者： Jia Feng Mingyuan Lu Lingling Ma Haijun Zhang shugeng wu Kai Qiu Yuna Min Guanghai Qi Jing Wang Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards(Beijing)of the Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesBeijing100081China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China

This study explored the effects of uterine inflammation on eggshell mineralization,ultrastructure and mechanical properties in laying hens modified by a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)challenge or dietary essential oil(EO)addition.In trial 1,a total of 72 Hy-line Brown layers at 36 wk of age were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups(n=8),where they were intravenously injected with phosphate buffered saline,LPS at 1 mg/kg body weight,or LPS 3 times at 24-h intervals.In trial 2,a total of 288 Hy-line Brown layers at 60 wk of age were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8),where they were fed basal diets supplemented with EO at 0,50,100 and 200 mg/kg for 12 wk.A uterine inflammation model was constructed with LPS treatment,indicated by the elevated expression of IL-1β and TNF-α(P<0.05)and lymphocyte infiltration.Uterine inflammation caused remarkable decreases in eggshell thickness and mechanical properties with structure deteriorations(P<0.05).Uterine inflammation stimulated the expression of matrix proteins ovotransferrin(TF)and ovalbumin(OVAL),while depressing the mRNA levels of calbindin-1(CALB1)and osteopontin in uterine mucosa(P<0.05).In contrast,EO addition alleviated uterine inflammation,evidenced by depressed levels of IL-1b and IL-6(P<0.05).There was a significant elevation in shell thickness and breaking strength following EO intervention(P<0.05),and these effects were maximized at addition of 100 mg/kg.Further,EO improved shell ultrastructure including more early fusion,less type B mammillae,and increased effective thickness(P<0.05).The alleviated inflammation decreased the expression of OVAL and TF,whereas ion transport genes like CALB1 and solute carrier family 26 member 9 were upregulated(P<0.05).Our findings suggest that inflam-matory status can impact uterine functions in calcium transport and the synthesis of matrix proteins especially such as OVAL and TF,which in turn modulates calcium precipitation and ultrastructure for-mation,thereby determining eggshell mechanical properties.These findings provide a n

关键词： Uterine inflammation Eggshell ultrastructure Mechanical property Laying hen Lipopolysaccharide challenge Essential oil

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Nutritional modulation of health, egg quality and environmental pollution of the layers

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第2期3卷 91-96页

作者： Jing Wang Hongyuan Yue shugeng wu Haijun Zhang Guanghai Qi Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture Feed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

World egg production and consumption have been increasing for the past decades. Traditional strategies in poultry nutrition have made vital contributions to this great growth in quantity. However, current global issues should be considered in modern egg production such as growing populations and food security, food safety and quality, limited resources and environmental problems. The development of knowledge of poultry nutrition and modern biotechnology provides novel nutritional approaches to closely fit the requirement of pullets and laying hens, which will consequently decrease the nutrition excretion and maintain the lower cost of feed. Nutrition has also been widely accepted as a strategy to influence health and diseases of laying hens. The maintenance of good health is an important prerequisite for improving productivity and egg quality. In addition, there are many measures and strategies for minimizing the incidence of egg defects and providing a choice of lifestyle to enhance human health. This paper reviews current research progress on developing innovative technologies and strategies to maximize animal health and performance, improve the quality of egg products and minimize pollution caused by poultry production.

关键词： Nutrient requirement Nutritional modulation Pullet Laying hen

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Dietary supplemental xylooligosaccharide modulates nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,and gut microbiota in laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 152-162页

作者： Jianmin Zhou shugeng wu Guanghai Qi Yu Fu Weiwei Wang Haijun Zhang Jing Wang Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards(Beijing)of the Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs and National Engineering Research Center of Biological FeedFeed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China

This study was conducted to evaluate the prebiotic effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide(XOS)sup-plementation on performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,and gut microbiota in laying hens.In a 12-wk experiment,a total of 288 Hy-Line Brown layers at 50 wk of age were randomly assigned into 3 dietary treatments supplemented with XOS at 0,200 or 400 mg/kg.Each treatment had 8 replicates with 12 birds each.Hens fed XOS diets showed a lower feed-to-egg ratio during wk 7 to 12 and a higher egg yolk color value in wk 12 compared with those fed the control diet(P<0.05).Dietary XOS supplementation improved the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy and nitrogen at the end of the 12th wk(P<0.05).In addition,a higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the ileum was observed in XOS-added groups(P<0.05).The high throughput sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA revealed that dietary XOS supplementation at 200 mg/kg altered cecal microbiota.Alpha diversity analysis illustrated a higher cecal bacterial richness in birds fed with XOS at 200 mg/kg.The composition of cecal microbiota modulated by the XOS addition was characterized by an increased abundance of Firmicutes along with a reduced abundance of Bacteroidetes.At the genus level,dietary XOS supple-mentation triggered decreases in Bacteroides and Campylobacter concurrent with increases in Lactoba-cillus and several short chain fatty acid producers including Desulfovibrio,Faecalitalea,Faecalicoccus,and 5 genera of family Lachnospiraceae.Collectively,dietary XOS addition improved the feed conversion ratio by modulating nutrient digestibility and ileal morphology in laying hens,which could be attributed to the enhancement of bacterial diversity and alteration of microbial composition.

关键词： Gut microbiota Ileal morphology Laying hen Nutrient digestibility Xylooligosaccharide

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Gas stunning with CO_2 affected meat color,lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and gene expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases, glutathione S-transferases,and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase in the skeletal muscles of broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第3期9卷 738-749页

作者： Lei Xu Haijun Zhang Hongyuan Yue shugeng wu Haiming Yang Zhiyue Wang Guanghai Qi Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University

Background: Meat color and lipid peroxidation are important traits related to meat quality. CO_2 concentration is a critical factor that can affect meat quality in the commercial use of gas stunning(GS). However, the effect and mechanism of CO_2 stunning on meat color and lipid peroxidation during long-term storage remain poorly studied. We aimed to study the effects of GS methods, especial y CO_2 concentration, on meat color and meat lipid peroxidation in broilers during long-term storage at 4 °C and to explore the potential mechanism of meat color change via lipid peroxidation and the inner lipid peroxide scavenging system.Methods: Eighteen broilers were sacrificed after exposure to one of the following gas mixtures for 90 s: 40% CO_2+21% O_2+ 39% N2(G40%), 79% CO_2+ 21% O_2(G79%), or no stunning(0% CO_2, control). Meat color, serum variables,enzyme activities, and the gene expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), nuclear factor-erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were determined.(Continued on next page)Results: The concentrations of serum triiodothyronine(T3, P = 0.03) and the ratio of serum free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine(FT3/FT4, P < 0.01) were decreased, whereas levels of serum cortisol(P < 0.01) were increased in the 40%CO_2 group compared with the control group. Additionally, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS)3 d(P < 0.01) and TBARS6 d(P = 0.01) in breast meat and the TBARS3 din thigh meat(P < 0.01) were increased in the40% CO_2 group compared with the control group. Serum T3 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 dboth in the breast and thigh meat(r =-0.63, P < 0.01 and r =-0.47, P = 0.05 respectively). T3/T4 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 din the breast meat and in the thigh meat(r =-0.57, P = 0.01; and r =-0.53, P = 0.03 respectively). Compared with the control group, Lightness(L*)1 d(P = 0.03) and L*9 d(P < 0.01) were increased, whereas total chromatic aberration(E*)1 d(P = 0.05) and E*3 d(P < 0.01) wer

关键词： Antioxidant enzyme Broiler Controlled atmosphere stunning Gas stunning Lipid peroxidation MAPK/Nrf2/ARE Meat color Oxidative stress

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Effects of octacosanol extracted from rice bran on blood hormone levels and gene expressions of glucose transporter protein-4 and adenosine monophosphate protein kinase in weaning piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第4期1卷 293-298页

作者： Lei Long shugeng wu Jing Sun Jing Wang Haijun Zhang Guanghai Qi Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences Tianjin NaEr Biotechnology Co. Ltd.

The object of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of octacosanol to the body of animals and the effects of octacosanol on blood hormone levels and gene expressions of glucose transporter protein（GLUT-4） and adenosine monophosphate protein kinase（AMPK） in liver and muscle tissue of weaning piglets. A total of 105 crossbred piglets（[Yorkshire x Landrace] x Duroc） with an initial BW of5.70 ± 1.41 kg（21 d of age） were used in a 6-wk trial to evaluate the effects of octacosanol and tiamulin supplementation on contents of triiodothyronine（T3）,thyroxine（T4）,growth hormone（GH）,glucagon（GU） and adrenaline（AD） in blood and gene expressions of GLUT-4 and AMPK in liver and muscle. Piglets were randomly distributed into 3 dietary treatments on the basis of BW and sex. Each treatment had 7 replicate pens with 5 piglets per pen. Treatments were as followed: control group, tiamulin group and octacosanol group. The results showed that compared with control group and tiamulin group, octacosanol greatly promoted the secretion of T3, GH, GU and AD（P 0.05）, Results of the present study has confirmed that octacosanol affects energy metabolism of body by regulating secretion of blood hormones and related gene expression in tissue of weaning piglets, which can reduce stress response and has an impact on performance.

关键词： Octacosanol Weaning piglets Hormone GLUT-4 AMPK

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Effect of dietary protein sources and storage temperatures on egg internal quality of stored shell eggs

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第4期1卷 299-304页

作者： Xiaocui Wang shugeng wu Haijun Zhang Hongyuan Yue Guanghai Qi Jie Li Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Northeast Agricultural University

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various protein sources(soybean meal, SBM; cottonseed protein, CSP; double-zero rapeseed meal, DRM) on the internal quality(Haugh unit, yolk index,albumen pH,yolk hardness and yolk springiness) of eggs when stored at either 4 or 28℃ for 28 d. A total of 288 laying hens(32 wk of age) were randomly allotted to 6 treatment groups(4 replicates per treatment) and fed diets containing SBM, CSP, or DRM individually or in combination with equal crude protein content(SBM-CSP, SBM-DRM, and CSP-DRM) as the protein ingredient(s). A 6 x 2 factorial arrangement was employed with dietary types and storage temperatures(4 and 28℃) as the main effects. After 12 wk of diet feeding, a total of 216 eggs was collected for egg internal quality determination.The results showed as follows: 1) lower egg quality was observed in the DRM group compared with the other groups when stored at 4 and 28℃ for 28 d(P < 0.05), while there was no difference in egg internal quality among the other groups. 2) The CSP diet resulted in higher yolk hardness compared with the other diets when eggs were stored at 4℃ for 28 d(P < 0.05). Lower Haugh unit was observed in the DRM and SBM-DRM groups compared with the other groups when eggs were stored for 28 d at 4℃(P < 0.05).3) Yolk breakage occurred in the DRM group and eggs could not be analyzed for egg internal quality when stored at 28℃ for 28 d. The overall results indicated that CSP or DRM as the sole dietary protein source for laying hens may adversely affect the internal quality of stored eggs as compared with the SBM diet, and half replacement of CSP combined with SBM may maintain similar egg quality to SBM diet alone for eggs stored under refrigerated conditions.

关键词： Cottonseed protein Double-zero rapeseed meal Chicken egg Storage temperature Egg quality

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25-羟基维生素D_3替代维生素D_3对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和钙磷代谢的影响

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动物营养学报 2024年第5期36卷 2992-3002页

作者：高珊郑君杰邱凯张海军武书庚中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室农业农村部动物产品质量安全饲料源性因子风险评估实验室北京100081 北京市农产品质量安全中心北京100020

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加25-羟基维生素D_(3)(25-OHD_(3))替代维生素D_(3)(VD_(3))对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、钙磷代谢、肠道形态及胫骨质量的影响。试验选取270只55周龄采食正常、体重相近(整齐度>90%)的海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为3... 详细信息

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加25-羟基维生素D_(3)(25-OHD_(3))替代维生素D_(3)(VD_(3))对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、钙磷代谢、肠道形态及胫骨质量的影响。试验选取270只55周龄采食正常、体重相近(整齐度>90%)的海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂添加4000 IU/kg VD_(3)的基础饲粮,试验1组饲喂添加50μg/kg 25-OHD_(3)和2000 IU/kg VD_(3)的饲粮,试验2组饲喂添加100μg/kg 25-OHD_(3)的饲粮。预试期1周,正试期12周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验1组第5~8周产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),试验1组和试验2组第9~12周产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验1组和试验2组第4周和第12周以及试验1组第8周蛋壳强度显著提高(P<0.05);试验1组第8周和试验2组第12周蛋白高度显著提高(P<0.05);试验1组和试验2组试验各阶段哈氏单位均显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验1组和试验2组血清钙和磷含量以及胫骨钙含量均显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验1组和试验2组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及清除超氧阴离子能力和清除羟自由基能力显著提高(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);试验1组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验1组血清碳酸酐酶(CA)和甲状旁腺素(PTH)含量显著提高(P<0.05),血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)含量显著降低(P<0.05);试验1组和试验2组血清骨钙素(BGP)含量显著降低(P<0.05);试验2组血清降钙素(CT)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,试验1组空肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05),试验2组空肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),试验1组和试验2组空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值均显著提高(P<0.05)。6)与对照组相比,试验2组胫骨强度、骨小梁数量、骨小梁面积显著提高(P<0.05),试验1组胫骨粗灰分含量显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,与饲粮中仅添加VD_(3)相比,饲粮中添加25-OHD_(3)可提高产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质,增强抗氧化能力,维持肠道形态,促进血清和胫骨钙和磷的吸收和沉积,改善胫骨质量。

关键词： 25-羟基维生素D_3 产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能蛋品质钙磷代谢胫骨质量

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