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Amelioration of habitat since the early Holocene contributed to the origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2535-2546页

作者： Xin JIA Zhiping ZHANG Yonggang SUN Runqi JIANG shuangwen yi Wei CHEN Jue SUN Guoqiang LI Shuzhi WANG Enrui LI Xiaonong HU Qingchun BAO Harry F.LEE Huayu LU Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Schlool of History and Culture Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100710China Ulanqab Museum Ulanqab 012000China The Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Hohhot 010011China Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Environmental Archaeology Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China

The origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China remains in *** central region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau is located in the core area of the farming-pastoral zone;thus,it is a critical region for exploring the origin of the dryland farming system in northern *** study selected the Yumin Site and Banan Site,which belong to the Yumin Culture-the beginning of Neolithic culture in Inner Mongolia-as the research *** on the quartz optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating on the sedimentary sections from the Yumin site(YM)and Banan site(BN1 and BN2),the Holocene chronology framework of each section was *** that,by identifying carbonized grains in the Yumin site and the multi-proxy analysis of each section,we investigated the relationship between the origin of agriculture and climate change in this *** results revealed that the timing of the origin of agriculture recorded in the Yumin site lagged behind the timing of a significant increase of precipitation during the early Holocene but coincided with the timing of a significant increase of vegetation around 8.4 *** phenomenon was further confirmed by the published high-resolution paleoenvironmental records from the surrounding area of the Yumin *** propose that with the gradual amelioration of hydrothermal conditions since the beginning of the Holocene,the regional ecosystem had been improved,resulting in the gradual conversion of the land surface from infertile sand to organic-rich soil,providing an appropriate environmental foundation for the origin of dryland farming in northern China around 8.4 *** study highlighted that the“accumulative environmental effects”during the early Holocene played a vital role in the origin of agriculture in northern China and provided a reference for agricultural management in the context of future climate change.

关键词： Origin of agriculture Accumulative environmental effects Yumin Culture Northern China Holocene

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An erosional hiatus in Chinese loess sequences revealed by closely spaced optical dating

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第18期51卷 2253-2259页

作者： LU Huayu Thomas Stevens yi shuangwen SUN Xuefeng Institute of Earth Environment SKLLQG-CAS Xi'an 710075 China Faculty of Geography and Ocean Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Centre for the Environment University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK

Chinese loess deposits are some of the best continental records of palaeoclimatic and pa- laeoenvironmental changes in the late Cenozoic. Many investigations have shown that the long-time climate variations recorded by the loess-paleosol sequences can be correlated with global environ- mental changes. However,there are still some foundational questions concerning loess deposition that are not well answered,casting uncertainty on many previous conclusions,especially high-resolu- tion palaeoclimatic records. In this study,three typical loess-paleosol sections spanning the last glacial cy- cle were closely sampled for optically stimulated lu- minescence (OSL) dating and palaeoclimate inter- pretation along a northwest-southeast transect in Chinese Loess Plateau. Results show that there is a 4-5 ka hiatus in the typical loess deposits,and as a consequence suggests that the loess record is not continuous over millennial time scales. As such,pre- vious conclusions on climatic and environmental changes at millennial-centennial time scale,recon- structed through the loess record,should be reinves- tigated. The erosional hiatus may be forced by a pe- riod with strengthened East Asian winter monsoon and the less vegetation cover in the investigated sites.

关键词：黄土高原侵蚀间断 OSL定年古气候变化

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晋陕峡谷苏家岭和清水川口旧石器地点黄土地层释光年代与古环境

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第四纪研究 2024年第2期44卷 453-465页

作者：文再忠鹿化煜王社江弋双文张改课石道明张红艳南京大学地理与海洋科学学院江苏南京210023 陕西省考古研究院陕西西安710054 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室北京100044

在黄河中游晋陕峡谷地区发现了多处旧石器遗存,但是,这些重要的遗址点大多缺乏年代约束。新发现的苏家岭和清水川口旧石器地点位于陕西一侧黄河二、三级阶地上,黄土堆积中出土的石器类型以“石核-石片技术”组合为主要特征。本研究采集... 详细信息

在黄河中游晋陕峡谷地区发现了多处旧石器遗存,但是,这些重要的遗址点大多缺乏年代约束。新发现的苏家岭和清水川口旧石器地点位于陕西一侧黄河二、三级阶地上,黄土堆积中出土的石器类型以“石核-石片技术”组合为主要特征。本研究采集了苏家岭(黄土堆积厚度17.1 m)和清水川口(黄土堆积厚度4.7 m)共14个光释光样品,采用石英单片再生剂量法(SAR-OSL)和钾长石红外后释光法(pIR200IR290)测定了两个遗址点黄土序列的年代,同时测试了沉积物样品的粒度和磁化率。结果表明,两处沉积物主体均为典型的风成黄土。石英SAR-OSL年龄与钾长石pIR200IR290年龄在25~50 ka有很好的对应关系,钾长石年龄与S1古土壤的预期年龄(MIS 5)相一致。苏家岭出土的石器所在地层年代范围为25~76 ka,洪积层的石核年代在76~95 ka间;清水川口出土的石器年代范围为31~42 ka。地层特征、磁化率和粒度证据表明,在晚更新世间冰阶和末次间冰期末期,晋陕峡谷地区相对暖湿的气候条件利于远古人类生存;同时,黄土高原南部苏家岭与北部清水川口的古环境存在区域的差异。苏家岭和清水川口地点出土的“石核-石片技术”组合表明,晚更新世古人类在中国北方广阔的区域活动,中国中部是晚更新世人类栖居的良好场所。

关键词：旧石器地点光释光测年黄土地层晚更新世古人类黄土高原

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Tectonically-controlled infilling of the eastern Nihewan Basin,North China,since the middle Pleistocene

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第7期59卷 1378-1389页

作者： HAN ZhiYong LI XuSheng WANG Yong WANG XianYan yi shuangwen LU HuaYu School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

There has been a significant debate about the nature and causes of the Pleistocene evolution of the Nihewan Basin, North China. We studied the eastern Nihewan Basin sedimentary facies at two main sites, Hutouliang and Donggou. A combination of field observations and measurements of sediment grain-size distribution was used to reconstruct the sequence of sedimentary environments since the middle Pleistocene, and optically-stimulated luminescence measurements were used to date the sediments. Our results indicate that a shallow lake occupied the basin center along the Sanggan River, probably lasting until -440 kyr ago before disappearing completely -340 kyr ago. It was succeeded by a phase of fluvial-dominated sediment accumulation which ended -30 kyr ago. We suggest that the formation of the gorge resulted from the relative uplift of the Niuxin Mountain along the Liulengshan fault -140 kyr ago. However, since -30 kyr ago the fault may have become inactive and the river downcutting near Shixia was no longer offset by the relative uplift, which caused a shift from deposition to denudation in the Nihewan Basin from then on. The disappearance of the paleolake -340 kyr ago may have been the culmination of the ongoing process of basin infilling.

关键词： Nihewan Basin Sedimentary facies Paleolake Fault OSL

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泥河湾盆地油房遗址MIS 5阶段人类活动与气候、植被的关系

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第四纪研究 2024年第05期44卷 1322-1337页

作者：李冰杜天愉梅惠杰吴玥洁马卿皓郭玉杰弋双文李月丛河北师范大学地理科学学院河北省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室河北师范大学历史文化学院北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室南京大学地理与海洋科学学院

新的研究表明，油房遗址是泥河湾盆地一处重要的旧石器时代中晚期遗址，是一处既包含华北传统石片石器工业，又富含细石叶和细石核的文化遗址，为研究华北传统石片石器文化向细石器传统文化转变提供了新线索。油房遗址探沟2剖面(YFTG2)(... 详细信息

新的研究表明，油房遗址是泥河湾盆地一处重要的旧石器时代中晚期遗址，是一处既包含华北传统石片石器工业，又富含细石叶和细石核的文化遗址，为研究华北传统石片石器文化向细石器传统文化转变提供了新线索。油房遗址探沟2剖面(YFTG2)(0～535 cm)是泥河湾盆地旧石器中期的典型地层，年代大致为100.6±5.7～52.3±2.5 ka,主要包括MIS 5增温期和MIS 3初期温暖期，MIS 4沉积缺失。本研究基于孢粉和粒度等指标探讨了泥河湾盆地旧石器时代中期人类活动的气候环境背景，结果表明：1)该遗址MIS 5阶段包括MIS 5d、 MIS 5c和MIS 5b;其中MIS 5d(535～255 cm, 100.6±5.7～92.1±2.9 ka),花粉组合以藜科(37.1%)和蒿属(23.2%)等草本为主，中值粒径偏粗(10.2～93.4μm),有机质含量为2.2%～4.4%,碳酸钙含量为1.7%～5.0%,指示在MIS 5d时期泥河湾盆地气候较为寒冷干燥；MIS 5c(255～180 cm, 92.1±2.9～89.8±3.5 ka),松属(47.5%)和桦木属(15.8%)等乔灌木花粉显著增加，粒度中值粒径为19.4μm,碳酸钙含量降低(1.9%),指示MIS 5c阶段气候十分温暖湿润；MIS 5b(180～130 cm, 89.8±3.5～87.7±4.4 ka),花粉组合仍以乔灌木为主(75.8%),桦木属(21.4%)含量达到最大值，蒿属增加(13.6%),有机质含量(5.0%)显著升高，碳酸钙含量(0.2%)显著降低，指示MIS 5b阶段泥河湾盆地气候相对凉湿；在MIS 3初期(130～0 cm, 55.7±3.5～52.3±2.5 ka),乔灌木花粉含量下降(68.2%),桦木属(10.8%)含量减少，蒿属(15.6%)和藜科(5.3%)增加，中值粒径显著增大，为39.0μm,有机质含量略有下降(4.5%),碳酸钙含量上升至1.0%,指示气候较为温暖湿润。2)植被定量重建结果显示，在MIS 5d阶段，研究区草本植物盖度达78.1%,形成以禾本科(37.8%)、藜科(16.2%)和栎属(6.1%)为主的疏林草地景观；MIS 5c阶段乔灌木植被盖度达88.4%,形成以松属(46.2%)、鹅耳枥属(21.6%)和禾本科(4.7%)等为主的针阔混交林；MIS 5b阶段依然是以松属(42.8%)、桦木属(12.8%)、栎属(8.1%)、禾本科(5.8%)和蒿属(4.4%)为主的针阔混交林；MIS 3初期阶段为以松属(41.8%)、鹅耳枥属(22.1%)、栎属(7.3%)、禾本科(7.3%)和蔷薇科(6.0%)为主的针阔混交林。3)MIS 5d～MIS 5b以及MIS 3初期，泥河湾盆地气候经历了从寒冷干燥到温暖湿润，研究区植被由以禾本科、蒿属和栎属为主的疏林草地转变为以松属、栎属和鹅耳枥属等为主的针阔叶混交林，均有较强的人类活动，说明在整个研究时段内古人类对干湿交替的自然环境具有较强的适应能力。泥河湾盆地较为适宜的气候以及疏林草地～针阔叶混交林自然景观为该时期人类活动提供了较为理想的活动场所。在MIS 5b时期，遗址区域环境凉湿，水量增大，古人类活动强度较弱。

关键词： MIS 5阶段 MIS 3初期花粉气候与植被泥河湾盆地油房遗址

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Luminescence dating of reticulated red clay buried in Lanshanmiao Paleolithic site in Zhejiang Province,southern China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第9期30卷 1436-1450页

作者： LU ying SUN Xuefeng XU Xinmin LIU Yalin Yl shuangwen School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Hangzhou 310014China

The Lanshanmiao(LSM) Palaeolithic site,which was excavated in the summer of 2017 by the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,is the only excavated palaeolithic site in central Zhejiang Province to *** dating methods,including optical stimulated luminescence(OSL) and thermal transfer OSL(TT-OSL) for quartz and post-infrared(IR) stimulated luminescence(p IRIR290) for feldspar,were used to determine the age of the LSM *** results showed that the LSM section developed before 145.5 ± 12.5 ka and ended after 17.1 ± 1.0 *** TT-OSL dating of samples NJU2576 and NJU2615 showed that palaeolithic artifact-bearing layer was between 150 and 100 ka in *** age range of the palaeolithic layer mainly corresponded to the transition between Marine Isotope Stage(MIS) 6 and *** study showed that hominins prominently occupied the LSM site during the glacial and interglacial stages,when it exhibited a floodplain environment.

关键词： Lanshanmiao site Palaeolithic reticulated red clay luminescence dating glacial interglacial

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Crescentic dune migration and stabilization： Implications for interpreting paleo-dune deposits as paleoenvironmental records

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第11期27卷 1341-1358页

作者： XU Zhiwei Joseph A. MASON LU Huayu yi shuangwen ZHOU Yali WU Jiang HAN Zhiyong School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Department of Geography University of Wisconsin Madison Wl 53706 USA School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China

Paleo-dune deposits have been widely used as a proxy indicator of past dune ac- tivity, which is further used to reconstruct paleoclimates. However, recent studies have criti- cally examined the reproducibility of dune chronologies and the complexity of paleo-dune deposits as paleoenvironmental records. This paper addresses questions on the paleoenvi- ronmental implications of dune chronostratigraphies that have been raised by those reviews, in the specific case of crescentic dunes, using a case study from the Mu Us dune field, north-central China. The processes of turn-over and stabilization of relatively small crescentic dunes are first investigated by observational evidence. In combination with the analysis of a simplified sand preservation model and stratigraphic records, the effect of dune morphody- namics on sand preservation is demonstrated. It is especially evident that thick, nearly in- stantaneously deposited sand units record dune stabilization near the very end of a dune activity episode, while thin sand units may signal the preservation of sand deposited earlier in episodes of activity. Interpreting the distribution of luminescence ages that indicate sand deposition over time is not as simple as assumed in some previous work. Low frequency of sand ages could indicate an interval of either dune field stabilization or extensive dune activity but poor sand preservation. A peak of sand age frequency likely represents a shift in dune field activity towards stabilization, not a peak of active dune extent, especially if it partially overlaps with an independently identified interval of stabilization （e.g. one recorded by pa- leosols）. The nature and magnitude of these biases in the distribution of sand ages over time are strongly affected by the magnitude of net sand accumulation, which is in turn related to sand supply, transport capacity and sand availability, and ultimately climate change. Rela- tively short dune stabilization and turn-over time （101 to 102

关键词： dune activity dune chronologies dune morphodynamics dune turn-over time OSL dating paleoen- vironmental interpretation

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A preliminary quantitative reconstruction of precipitation in southern Mu Us sandy land at margin of Asian monsoon-dominated region during late Quaternary

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第3期25卷 301-310页

作者： CHEN yingyong LU Huayu yi shuangwen ZHANG Enlou XU Zhiwei YU Kaifeng Joseph A. MASON School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change Nanjing 210023 China State Key Laboratory of lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology CAS Nanjing 210008 China Department of Geography University of Wisconsin Madison Wl 53706 USA

We present the first quantitative estimation of monsoon precipitation during the late glaciaI-Holocene in the sandy land of northern China, based on organic carbon isotopic composition data from a loess-sand sequence at margin of the Mu Us sandy land. We use the relationship between monsoon precipitation and the carbon isotopic composition of modern soils as an analogue, with a minor modification, to reconstruct precipitation back to c. 47 ka ago. The preliminary results indicate that annual monsoon precipitation was high after 8 ka, with an average of 435 mm; and it decreased during 18 and 8 ka with a mean value of 194 mm. The precipitation value of 47-18 ka varied between the two. We compare the recon- structed precipitation with other records and paleoclimatic modeling results, showing that our record agrees with reconstructions of the monsoon precipitation from other sources, even capturing short climatic events such as the Younger Dryas. We suggest that solar irradiance, high-latitude temperature/ice volume and local evaporation have together modified moistures in the sandy land.

关键词： quantitative reconstruction organic carbon isotopic composition precipitation Mu Us sandy land Asian monsoon

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Newly discovered Palaeolithic artefacts from loess deposits and their ages in Lantian,central China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第7期59卷 651-661页

作者： Shejiang Wang Huayu Lu Hongyan Zhang Xuefeng Sun shuangwen yi yingyong Chen Gaike Zhang Luda Xing Weigang Sun Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology The Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Institute for Climate and Global Change Research Nanjing University Guizhou Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology

Eight new Palaeolithic open-air sites were identified and 770 stone artefacts were collected from 2009 to 2011 in the Lantian area of the Bahe River valley, central China. Because the famous Homo erectus fossils were unearthed at the Gongwangling and Chenjiawo localities, and more than 30 Palaeolithic open-air sites were investigated in the 1960s in this region, the catchment of Bahe River is regarded as one of the most important hominin sites from the late early Pleistocene to the middle Pleistocene. These eight newly discovered open-air sites are located at the second(n = 6), third(n = 1) or higher terraces(n = 1) of the Bahe River. The Diaozhai section on the second terrace was sampled in detail. Two samples were collected for optically stimulated luminescence dating(OSL). The OSL results suggest that a buried lithic artefact layer at the Diaozhai site spans approximately 70–30 ka. The lithic assemblage analysis suggests that the stone artefacts were made of local pebbles/cobbles such as greywacke, quartz, sandstone and igneous rocks. The main percussion techniques that were used were direct hard hammer percussion and bi-polar techniques. The lithic artefacts comprise hammer stones, cores, flakes, retouched tools and flaking debris. Acheulian-type large cutting tools(LCTs) such as hand-axes, picks and cleavers were indentified in the Lantian region as well. This is the first time Acheulian-type LCTs from the late Pleistocene have been identified in this region. This study distinguishes age gaps between Western world and East Asian Acheulian-type tools.

关键词：旧石器时代蓝田地区黄土沉积年龄文物中国古人类遗址晚更新世

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Spatial and temporal variations in prehistoric human settlement and their influencing factors on the south bank of the Xar Moron River, Northeastern China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第1期11卷 137-147页

作者： Xin JIA shuangwen yi Yonggang SUN Shuangye WU Harry F. LEE Lin WANG Huayu LU School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China School of History and Culture Chifeng University Chifeng 024000 China Department of Geology University of Dayton Dayton OH 45469 USA Department of Geography The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China School of Architecture Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China

The West Liao River Basin is the hub of ancient civilizations as well as the birthplace of rain-fed agriculture in Northern China. In the present study, based on 276 archaeological sites on the south bank of the Xar Moron River, Northeastern China, we trace the changes in prehistoric cultures as well as the shifts in the spatial and temporal patterns of human settlement in the West Liao River Basin. Location information for those sites was obtained from fieldwork. Factors such as climate change, landform evolution of the Horqin Dunefield, and sub- sistence strategies practiced at the sites were extracted via the meta-analysis of published literature. Our results show that the Holocene Optimum promoted the emergence of Neolithic Culture on the south bank of the Xar Moron River. Monsoon failure might have caused the periodic collapse or transformation of prehistoric cultures at （6.5, 4.7, 3.9, and 3.0） kyr B.P., leaving spaces for new cultural types to develop after these gaps. The rise and fall of different cultures was also determined by subsistence strategies. The Xiaoheyan Culture, with mixed modes of subsistence, weakened after 4.7 kyr B.P., whereas the Upper Xiajiadian Culture, supported by sheep breeding, expanded after 3.0 kyr B.P. Global positioning system data obtained from the archaeological sites reveal that cultures with different subsistence strategies occupied distinct geographic regions. Humans who subsisted on hunting and gathering resided at higher altitudes during the Paleolithic Age （1074 m a.s.1.）. Mixed subsistence strategies led humans to settle down at 600-1000 m a.s.1. in the Neolithic Age. Agricultural activities caused humans to migrate to 400-800 m a.s.1, in the early Bronze Age, whereas livestock production shifted human activities to 800-1200 m a.s.l, in the late Bronze Age.

关键词： climate change dunefield evolution subsistence strategy the Holocene West Liao River Basin

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