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Hepatitis B cure:Current situation and prospects

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第6期16卷 900-911页

作者： Ya-ping Li chen-Rui Liu Ling He shuang-Suo Dang Department of Infectious Diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina

Achievement of a‘clinical cure’in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)implies sustained virological suppression and immunological control over the infection,which is the ideal treatment goal according to domestic and international CHB management *** practice has shown encouraging results for specific patient cohorts using tailored treatment *** regimens incorporate either nucleos(t)ide analogs,immunomodulatory agents such as pegylated interferonα,or a strategic combination of both,sequentially or concurrently *** these advancements in the clinical handling of hepatitis B,achieving a clinical cure remains elusive for a considerable subset of patients due to the number of challenges that preclude the realization of optimal treatment *** include,but are not limited to,the emergence of antiviral resistance,incomplete immune recovery,and the persistence of covalently closed circular ***,the variance in response to interferon therapy and the lack of definitive biomarkers for treatment cessation also contribute to the complexity of achieving a clinical *** article briefly overviews the current research progress and existing issues in pursuing a clinical cure for hepatitis B.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Clinical cure Polyethylene glycol interferon Treatment strategies Research progress

Anti-saturation fault-tolerant adaptive torsional vibration control with fixed-time prescribed performance for rolling mill main drive system

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第3期31卷 660-669页

作者： shuang Liu chen Du Cong Zhang Zhen-hua Bai Key Lab of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004HebeiChina National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004HebeiChina

An anti-saturation fault-tolerant adaptive torsional vibration control method with fixed-time prescribed performance for the rolling mill main drive system(RMMDS)was investigated,which is affected by control input saturation,actuator faults,sensor measurement errors,and parameter ***,we gave a continuously differentiable saturation function to approximate the control input saturation characteristic of the RMMDS,translating the saturation characteristic into the matched uncertainty and unknown time-varying gain in the ***,an RMMDS mathematical model with unmatched uncertainty and unknown time-varying gain was developed,taking into account the presence of control input saturation,actuator faults,sensor measurement errors,and parameter *** on the established mathematical model,an error transformation model of the roll speed tracking was constructed by the equivalent error transformation *** to the error transformation model,a barrier Lyapunov function and a novel adaptive controller were studied to ensure that the roll speed tracking error always evolves inside a fixed-time asymmetric ***,numerical simulations were performed in Matlab/Simulink to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control method in suppressing the RMMDS torsional vibration.

关键词： Fixed-time prescribed performance Control input saturation Actuator fault Unknown time-varying gain Adaptive control Asymmetric constraint

Manipulating submolecular-scale phototautomerization

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Science China Materials 2024年第6期67卷 2048-2050页

作者： ping Zhou Hongliang chen Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 311215China

A recent study on the submolecular-scale control of phototautomerization methods and the underlying reaction mechanisms was reported in Nature Nanotechnology by Guillaume and co-workers[1],elucidating how the field confinement effect generated by the scanning tunneling microscope(STM)tip precisely triggers the phototautomerization of a free-base phthalocyanine at the submolecular level and demonstrating that the reaction process can be finely controlled by adjusting either the laser excitation wavelength or the position of the tip.

关键词： tunneling excitation phthalocyanine

Pd-catalyzed intermolecular Si–O formation via Si–C activation

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2661-2669页

作者： shuang Liu Yu-Shu chen Yichen Wu Peng Wang State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistryand Material Technology of Ministry of EducationHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China

The development of efficient Si–O bond formation reaction with 100% atom-economy, excellent functional group tolerance, and broad scope under mild conditions is highly desired due to the prevalence of silanol, silyl ether, and their derivatives in synthetic chemistry and materials science. Here, we have realized the Pd-catalyzed Si–O formation reaction via a Si–C activation approach with 100% atom-economy by employing silacyclobutanes(SCBs) and various hydroxy-containing substrates, including water,alcohols, phenols, and silanols. This protocol features a broad substrate scope, remarkable functional compatibility and mild conditions, providing a series of silanols, silyl ethers in high efficiency. Notably, this protocol could also be used for selective protection of hydroxy functionalities, and for the access of a class of novel polymers containing Si–O main chain. Preliminary mechanistic studies unveiled that this reaction underwent a Pd-catalyzed concerted ring-opening mechanism.

关键词： Si–O formation Si–C activation palladium silacyclobutane silanol silyl ether

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Privacy-Preserving Consensus-Based Distributed Economic Dispatch of Smart Grids via State Decomposition

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第5期11卷 1250-1261页

作者： Wei chen Guo-ping Liu The authors are with the Center for Control Science and Technology Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

This paper studies the privacy-preserving distributed economic dispatch(DED)problem of smart *** autonomous consensus-based algorithm is developed via local data exchange with neighboring nodes,which covers both the islanded mode and the grid-connected mode of smart *** prevent power-sensitive information from being disclosed,a privacy-preserving mechanism is integrated into the proposed DED algorithm by randomly decomposing the state into two parts,where only partial data is *** objective is to develop a privacy-preserving DED algorithm to achieve optimal power dispatch with the lowest generation cost under physical constraints while preventing sensitive information from being *** this end,a comprehensive analysis framework is established to ensure that the proposed algorithm can converge to the optimal solution of the concerned optimization problem by means of the consensus theory and the eigenvalue perturbation *** particular,the proposed autonomous algorithm can achieve a smooth transition between the islanded mode and the grid-connected ***,rigorous analysis is given to show privacy-preserving performance against internal and external ***,case studies illustrate the feasibility and validity of the developed algorithm.

关键词： preserving autonomous mode

Prediction of liquid circulation flow rate in RH degasser:improvement of decarburization at low atmospheric pressure

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第7期31卷 1661-1667页

作者： Gu-jun chen Sheng-ping He College of Materials Science and Engineering Yangtze Normal UniversityChongqing 400044China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

The two-fluid model coupled with population balance model was used for simulating the gas-liquid flow in the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus(RH)*** predicted circulation flow rate was compared with that measured from a water model experiment to validate the mathematical ***,influence of snorkel immersion depth on liquid circulation flow rate was numerically investigated under an atmospheric pressure of 101 and 84 kPa,*** result indicates that the circulation flow rate of the RH degasser in the high-altitude area was severely reduced because of the decrease in atmospheric ***,increasing the snorkel immersion depth from 0.5 to 0.7 m can compensate for the decrease in atmospheric *** test result indicates that decarburization rate is significantly enhanced by increasing the snorkel immersion *** optimization,the percentage of heats with a final carbon content less than 0.002 wt.%is significantly increased from 22.0%to 96.4%.

关键词： RH degasser Two-fluid model Population balance model-Circulation flow rate Decarburization Snorkel immersion depth

List of 85 typical catastrophic landslides from March 2004 to February 2024

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China Geology 2024年第2期7卷 369-370页

作者： Rui-chen chen Yong-shuang Zhang School of Engineering and Technology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Institute of Geosafety China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

Landslides are one of the most dangerous natural hazards that cause significant property damage and loss of *** often destroy farmland,villages,houses,factories,schools,roads and other facilities,injuring humans and ***,entire towns are devastated by *** to their pervasiveness,varied triggering factors,and sudden occurrence,landslides are currently one of the most challenging natural disasters to prevent and mitigate.

关键词： stated farmland catastrophic

Pathological and Physiological High-frequency Oscillations on Electroencephalography in Patients with Epilepsy

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第5期40卷 609-620页

作者： Hongyi Ye Cong chen Shennan A.Weiss shuang Wang Department of Neurology Epilepsy CenterSecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310009China Department of Neurology State University of New York DownstateBrooklynNY11203USA Department of Physiology and Pharmacology State University of New York DownstateBrooklynNY11203USA Department of Neurology New York City Health+Hospitals/Kings CountyBrooklynNY11203USA

High-frequency oscillations(HFOs)encompass ripples(80 Hz–200 Hz)and fast ripples(200 Hz–600 Hz),serving as a promising biomarker for localizing the epileptogenic zone in *** fast ripples are always pathological,while ripples may be physiological or *** physiological from pathological ripples is important not only for designating epileptogenic brain regions,but also for investigations that study ripples in the context of memory encoding,consolidation,and recall in patients with *** studies have sought to identify distinguishing features between pathological and physiological ripples over the past two *** and pathological ripples differ with respect to their spatial location,cellular mechanisms,morphology,and coupling with background electroencephalographic *** studies have demonstrated that differentiating between pathological and physiological ripples can improve surgical outcome *** this review,we summarize the characteristics,differences,and applications of pathological and physiological HFOs and discuss strategies for their clinical translation.

关键词： Ripples Epilepsy Memory Sleep Surgical outcome

Volume of fluid simulation of single argon bubble dynamics in liquid steel under RH vacuum conditions

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第4期31卷 828-837页

Single argon bubble dynamics in liquid steel under Ruhrstahl-Heraeus(RH)vacuum conditions were simulated using the volume of fluid method,and the ideal gas law was used to consider bubble growth due to heat transfer and pressure *** simulation with a constant bubble density was also performed to validate the numerical method,and the predicted terminal bubble shape and velocity were found to agree with those presented in the Grace diagram and calculated by drag correlation,*** simulation results under RH conditions indicate that the terminal bubble shape and velocity cannot be *** primary bubble growth occurs within a rising distance of 0.3 m owing to heating by the high-temperature liquid steel;subsequently,the bubble continues to grow under equilibrium with the hydrostatic *** the initial diameter is 8-32 mm,the bubble diameter and rising velocity near the liquid surface are 80-200 mm and 0.5-0.8 m/s,*** bubble rises rectilinearly with an axisymmetric shape,and the shape evolution history includes an initial sphere,(dimpled)ellipsoid,and spherical cap with satellite bubbles.

关键词： Bubble dynamics Liquid steel Volume of fluid Bubble growth Bubble shape Rising velocity